Program
ABS 2026 In-Person Meeting Program
The current ABS 2026 In-Person Meeting program is listed below. Please be sure to reference this page regularly as program changes are expected up until the meeting.
Click here to view a printable version of the program.
Affiliations:
Tuesday, July 14
8:00 AM – 5:00 PM
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Salon H & I
Workshop 3: Weaving the Future of Animal Behavior (WFAB): a Professional-Development Workshop for Pre-Tenure Faculty and Postdoctoral Researchers in Animal Behavior
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9:00 AM – 5:00 PM
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Rosewood
Workshop 1: the Beginner's Guide to Agent-Based Modeling for Animal Behavior
Chairs: Elizabeth Hobson, Vanessa Ferdinand |
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12:00 PM – 4:00 PM
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Salon F & G
Executive Committee Meeting (by Invitation Only)
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1:00 PM – 4:00 PM
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Rookwood
Workshop 2: Observer Reliability in Animal Behavior Research
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1:00 PM – 5:00 PM
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Salon E
Turner Workshop (by Invitation Only)
Chairs: Flavia Barbosa |
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5:30 PM – 6:30 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Welcome Reception
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6:30 PM – 7:30 PM
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Pavillion
Presidential Lecture - Beth Jakob
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| 6:30 |
Collaborations in Spider Vision and Institutional Change
Elizabeth Jakob1(1) University of Massachusetts Amherst
Collaborations in Spider Vision and Institutional ChangeElizabeth Jakob1(1) University of Massachusetts AmherstIn this presidential address, I’ll discuss highlights from my two main activities over the last decade: collaborative research on jumping spider vision and my unexpected diversion into the leadership of the Graduate School at UMass Amherst. In research, our development of a jumping spider eyetracker allows us an unusually detailed view of how an invertebrate predator directs its visual attention. The eyetracker has enabled a variety of diverse projects and rewarding collaborations with investigators from around the world. For example, we have studied how the moveable principal eyes work in coordination with the immobile secondary eyes, how spiders observe potential prey and prospective mates, whether spiders detect biological motion cues, and how cross-modal cues influence eye movements. Some of our experimental approaches have been designed in collaboration with cognitive psychologists who study perception in human infants. From the Graduate School perspective, I will briefly describe what I view as the main challenges (of many) facing graduate education today and will offer some transferable ideas for supporting student success. |
Wednesday, July 15
7:30 AM – 8:00 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Morning Coffee
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8:00 AM – 9:15 AM
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Pavillion
Keynote - Patty Brennan
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9:15 AM – 9:45 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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9:45 AM – 12:15 PM
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Pavillion
Genetics and Genomics of Behavior
Chairs: Gitanjali Gnanadesikan, Julia Saltz |
Rookwood
Behavioral Plasticity
Chairs: Matthew Zipple, Cheyenne Tait |
Rosewood
Applied Behavior and Cognition
Chairs: Ellen Furlong, Rebecca Singer |
Salon F & G
Symposium: Cultural Evolution of Vocal Communication: Behavioral Mechanisms and Outcomes (1)
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Salon H & I
Sensory Pollution
Chairs: Kelly Ronald, Alejandro Velez |
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| 9:45 |
Genetic Architecture of Canine Behavior in a Population of Retrievers (Canis lupus familiaris)
Gitanjali E. Gnanadesikan1,2, Emily E. Bray1,3, Noah Snyder-Mackler4, Lorelei Switzer1, Noah Stetson1, Mia Toll1, Stephanie Hargrave1, Daniel J. Horschler1, Laura E.L.C. Douglas3, Theadora Block3, Brenda S. Kennedy3, Kerinne M. Levy3, Marina M. Watowich4,5, Evan L. MacLean1 et al.(1) University of Arizona; (2) Emory University; (3) Canine Companions; (4) Arizona State University; (5) Vanderbilt University
Genetic Architecture of Canine Behavior in a Population of Retrievers (Canis lupus familiaris)Gitanjali E. Gnanadesikan1,2, Emily E. Bray1,3, Noah Snyder-Mackler4, Lorelei Switzer1, Noah Stetson1, Mia Toll1, Stephanie Hargrave1, Daniel J. Horschler1, Laura E.L.C. Douglas3, Theadora Block3, Brenda S. Kennedy3, Kerinne M. Levy3, Marina M. Watowich4,5, Evan L. MacLean1 et al.(1) University of Arizona; (2) Emory University; (3) Canine Companions; (4) Arizona State University; (5) Vanderbilt UniversityStudies in dogs have revealed the genetic bases of many morphological and disease phenotypes, but behavioral variation remains relatively unexplained. To explore genetic contributions to cognitive and behavioral traits, we conducted whole-genome sequencing and behavioral testing on 1,084 dogs, including five tasks measuring aspects of temperament, social behavior, and executive function. We identified 46 genetic variants associated with these traits (p < 1.49 × 10⁻⁶), some in genes with known neurological functions; these variants explained a small fraction of the variance captured by all markers, suggesting a highly polygenic architecture for behavior. Enrichment analyses identified overlap between genes associated with boldness in dogs and genes linked to sensitive temperament in humans, as well as between dog social behavior and human extraversion (q < 0.05). Cross-validated polygenic scores showed small-to-moderate correlations with observed behavioral phenotypes (0.08 ≤ r ≤ 0.28). Our results point to an evolutionarily conserved and highly polygenic genetic architecture for cognitive and behavioral traits in dogs and demonstrate the feasibility of genomic prediction. |
Small, but mighty hummingbirds: high repeatability and accuracy of flight muscle capacity
Émilie Gagnon1, Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela2,3, Lacey Pilon1, Percy Hentschel1, Alexa Dansereau1, Paolo S. Segre4, Roslyn Dakin1 et al.(1) Biology Department, Carleton University; (2) Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes; (3) Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; (4) University of Wisconsin - Green Bay
Small, but mighty hummingbirds: high repeatability and accuracy of flight muscle capacityÉmilie Gagnon1, Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela2,3, Lacey Pilon1, Percy Hentschel1, Alexa Dansereau1, Paolo S. Segre4, Roslyn Dakin1 et al.(1) Biology Department, Carleton University; (2) Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes; (3) Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; (4) University of Wisconsin - Green BayMuscle performance is thought to determine the outcome of competition. The asymptotic load-lifting assay quantifies maximal muscle power output in vertical flight, and is linked to flight maneuverability and the outcome of competition in small birds. Here, we quantified sources of performance variation within a species, namely repeatability, and we determined the number of trials that accurately capture individual differences. We conducted 124 load-lifting trials on 13 male ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), testing each individual repeatedly over 3 days. We report large individual differences among males, with a repeatability of 70%. An additional 23% of variation reflected short-term fluctuations, wherein a given male’s performance varies across trials. We found no systematic effects of experience, time, or body mass on load-lifting performance. Using simulation, we show that although sampling protocols with more trials yielded lower repeatabilities, they also increased the accuracy of individual estimates. Overall, our results show that peak flight performance encompasses large individual differences and can closely reflect individuals’ true maximum capacity. |
Innovative Problem-Solving in Cornish Cross Hens
Sasha Prasad-Shreckengast1, Madeleine Campbell1 et al.(1) Farm Sanctuary
Innovative Problem-Solving in Cornish Cross HensSasha Prasad-Shreckengast1, Madeleine Campbell1 et al.(1) Farm SanctuaryInnovative problem-solving occurs when an animal solves a novel problem, which can be beneficial in unpredictable environments, such as the high-density conditions of the poultry industry. Despite the global abundance and extreme artificial selection of Cornish Cross chickens (known as broiler chickens; Gallus gallus domesticus), their cognition remains understudied. We examined individual predictors of innovative problem-solving in 31 sanctuary-housed Cornish Cross hens using an extractive foraging device. Overall, success increased across trials (β=0.156±0.057, p=0.01) and with individual age (β=-5.36±2.05, p=0.014), indicating adaptive learning occurs over both short- and long-term scales. At the individual level, average persistence and exploratory diversity were strongly correlated and stable across trials (r=0.826, 95%CI [0.667, 0.913], p< .001), suggesting a behavioral syndrome in which these traits co-vary as a problem-solving style. Our study shows that Cornish Cross chickens exhibit innovation and distinct problem-solving profiles, implying that cognitive capacity and individuality persist despite the intense selection pressures of industrial poultry production. |
Introduction
Heather Williams
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Artificial light at night alters flight trajectories of insects in the field
Kate Otter1, Samuel T. Fabian2, Jamie C. Theobald3, Yash Sondhi1 et al.(1) Case Western Reserve University; (2) University of Oxford; (3) Florida International University
Artificial light at night alters flight trajectories of insects in the fieldKate Otter1, Samuel T. Fabian2, Jamie C. Theobald3, Yash Sondhi1 et al.(1) Case Western Reserve University; (2) University of Oxford; (3) Florida International UniversityArtificial light at night (ALAN) alters the behavior of flying insects, often producing flight patterns such as spiraling, stalling, or orbiting that can trap insects near lights. Whether insects are attracted to lights or become entrapped due to altered flight once in the illuminated region remains unclear. We used high-speed video recordings of nocturnal insects in Costa Rica. Two synchronized cameras positioned above a light source, we recorded short video sequences throughout the night. The light alternated between on and off conditions, allowing us to compare insect abundance and flight behavior in illuminated and dark conditions. We reconstructed trajectories in 3D to measure metrics including path straightness and turning angles relative to the light. ALAN did not increase the number of insects detected, but reduced path straightness, causing insects to spend more time near the light. Understanding these behavioral drivers will improve predictions of ALAN’s ecological impacts and inform mitigation strategies. |
| 10:00 |
Hot or not: Decoding the molecular and behavioral secrets of hive thermoregulation
Megha Majoe1, Kerrigan Tobin1, Chelsea Cook1 et al.(1) Marquette University
Hot or not: Decoding the molecular and behavioral secrets of hive thermoregulation Megha Majoe1, Kerrigan Tobin1, Chelsea Cook1 et al.(1) Marquette UniversitySocial insects like the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) thrive in diverse environments, thanks to task-partitioning and adaptive worker responses ensuring colony survival. When ambient temperatures rise, middle-aged workers cluster at hive entrances to perform thermoregulatory fanning. This is a critical but understudied behavior maintaining brood at a stable ~35°C, ideal for development. Our study investigates how honeybees detect temperature changes to trigger fanning. We focused on AmHsTRPA, a gated ion channel linked to chemo/thermosensation. We first ascertained tissue-specific expression of the gene AmHsTRPA in fanners via RT-qPCR. This will inform in-vivo functional testing of the gene in honeybees. Secondly, we used behavioral assays to test the role of sensory organs in receiving direct temperature cues and indirect social cues affecting fanning. Our findings reveal how honeybees perceive their rich environments. By identifying these mechanisms, we shed light on how pollinators, facing escalating human-induced thermal and chemical stressors, adapt to a changing world. Ultimately, we use different approaches to gain insights into resilience in fragile ecosystems. |
Does the Right Crowd Matter? Social Niche Matching Alters Aggression in Drosophila melanogaster
Gihan D. Jayasinghe1, Julia B. Saltz1 et al.(1) Indiana University
Does the Right Crowd Matter? Social Niche Matching Alters Aggression in Drosophila melanogasterGihan D. Jayasinghe1, Julia B. Saltz1 et al.(1) Indiana UniversityGene-environment correlation can occur when individuals select environments based on their genotype and has been hypothesized to influence population-genetics parameters such as heritability. However, how these preferences shape downstream phenotypes remains poorly understood. We investigated genetic variation in group-size preference and its consequences for aggression in D. melanogaster. We quantified genetic variation in group-size preference by measuring how long males associated with groups of 0, 2, 4, or 8. Across 34 genotypes, we found social preferences were strictly polarized; every genotype exhibited a dominant preference for either the smallest non-zero (2) or the largest (8) group. We found significant differences in aggression when males were exposed to preferred (2,8) and avoided (0,4) group sizes. Crucially, a match between genotype-specific preference and assigned group size significantly altered aggression. Our ongoing work is to reveal how plastic responses across multiple behavioral traits are integrated across varying social group sizes, informed by these genotype-level preferences. Ultimately, active social choice directly shapes complex behavioral trajectories |
Development and Validation of an Efficacious, Modifiable, Reinforcement-based Protocol to Crate Train Dogs
Kaitlyn R. Berry1, Mindy R. Waite1,2, Piper W. Artley1, Grace E. Groskreutz1 et al.(1) Carroll University; (2) Virginia Polytechnic and State University
Development and Validation of an Efficacious, Modifiable, Reinforcement-based Protocol to Crate Train Dogs Kaitlyn R. Berry1, Mindy R. Waite1,2, Piper W. Artley1, Grace E. Groskreutz1 et al.(1) Carroll University; (2) Virginia Polytechnic and State UniversityCrate training is a procedure to teach an animal to enter and remain in a crate without luring or prompting and without undesired behaviors. Crate training prepares animals for future crating needs, such as veterinary visits, grooming, and travel. However, no validated protocols for crate training exist. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a reinforcement-based protocol to teach dogs to crate up. The protocol was deemed successful if the dog consistently entered the crate contingent on a discriminative stimulus and sat or lied down with the crate door shut for 30 seconds. The base protocol used a 24-step changing-criterion design beginning with a pattern of treats as both lure and reinforcer. Early steps involved tossing a treat away from the crate (negative and positive reinforcement) and then into the crate (positive reinforcement). Later, prompt fading transferred stimulus control from the lure to vocal and visual discriminative stimuli. All dogs successfully performed the final target behavior, and two dogs required protocol adjustments, consistent with previous studies showing that some dogs require additional, smaller training steps. |
Using Computation To Accelerate Research on the Cultural Evolution of Vocal Communication
Mason Youngblood1(1) Stony Brook University
Using Computation To Accelerate Research on the Cultural Evolution of Vocal CommunicationMason Youngblood1(1) Stony Brook UniversityThe study of the cultural evolution of vocal communication often involves categorizing units into types (e.g. syllables in songbirds, or notes in humpback whales). While this approach is useful in many cases, it necessarily flattens the complexity and nuance present in real communication systems. In this talk, I argue that modern computational methods reveal vocal communication to be far more continuous than previously assumed. Unsupervised machine learning methods, like variational autoencoders and vision transformers, can project vocalizations into high-dimensional latent spaces, capturing fine-grained variation without manual categorization. Open-source tools like chatter make these techniques accessible, extracting continuous measures of complexity, predictability, and similarity from vocal sequences. These representations can also ground mechanistic studies of cultural evolution: agent-based models can be fit to empirical data via simulation-based inference, enabling rigorous hypothesis testing. Collectively, these approaches, which are becoming widely used to study our own species, have the potential to accelerate research on the cultural evolution of vocal communication. |
Why are animals attracted to deadly artificial light at night?
Keren Ighalo1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) McMaster University
Why are animals attracted to deadly artificial light at night?Keren Ighalo1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) McMaster UniversityMany animals are attracted to artificial light at night, which is a major cause of injury and death. Given the negative fitness consequences of light-attraction, natural selection should have favoured the evolution of light avoidance, but there is no evidence that this has occurred. To resolve this conundrum, we suggested that there is a genetic link between light-attraction and some unknown trait with positive effects on fitness. We thus predicted that animals possessing light avoidance would incur some fitness costs. To test this prediction, we artificially selected replicated lineages of light-avoiding fruit flies and assessed their performance in a battery of fitness-related tests. After 25 generations of selection, flies from the light avoiding lineages reduced their light attraction by about 50%. We collected genetic material from the evolved flies and are now in the process of conducting bioinformatic analyses to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying light attraction and its associated traits. Our research can help us understand a major cause of wildlife mortality and devise novel ways of reducing it. |
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A single-cell atlas of paper wasp brains highlights Kenyon cells as drivers of social behavior
Colby Behrens1, Michael J. Sheehan1 et al.(1) Cornell University
A single-cell atlas of paper wasp brains highlights Kenyon cells as drivers of social behavior Colby Behrens1, Michael J. Sheehan1 et al.(1) Cornell UniversityEusocial insect castes are behaviorally and physiologically diverse and provide a powerful opportunity to examine how social evolution shapes behavior. Behavioral specialization among castes is well-described, but the proximate machinery underlying their divergence is poorly understood. We performed single-cell sequencing to compare the transcriptomics of four paper wasp groups: foundress, worker, gyne, and male, to determine how social state and social interactions are encoded in the brain. We characterized the diversity of the Polistes brain and demonstrate that a substantial portion of the brain is composed of Kenyon cell neurons, which differ in composition and expression profiles across groups. In addition, social interactions, and the observation of social interactions, induced significant transcriptomic shifts across populations of Kenyon cells and non-neural cells. Finally, we used the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) to identify Kenyon cells that preferentially activate following social interactions. Together, these results provide insights into insect social processing and implicate subpopulations of Kenyon cells that mediate social interactions in the brain. |
Juvenile exposure to conspecific song, but not novel noise, affects female cricket mating behavior
Troy A. Bowers1, Susan N. Gershman1,2 et al.(1) The Ohio State University; (2) The Ohio State University at Marion
Juvenile exposure to conspecific song, but not novel noise, affects female cricket mating behavior Troy A. Bowers1, Susan N. Gershman1,2 et al.(1) The Ohio State University; (2) The Ohio State University at MarionThe acoustic environment that juveniles experience can be used as a cue to indicate their future adult environment. Novel sources of noise such as traffic and introduced species can disrupt previously reliable cues and may harm species that rely on acoustic signals for finding and choosing mates. To examine the effects of novel sounds during development, we raised female Gryllus pennsylvanicus crickets in four different acoustic environments: silence, conspecific song, the song of recently introduced heterospecific Velarifictorus micado, and traffic noise. After sexual maturity, we assayed female phonotaxis to conspecific male calling song. We found that females reared with conspecific song were choosier, taking longer to reach the speaker and spending less time near that speaker than females reared with traffic noise, silence, or heterospecific song. These results indicate that novel sounds during development do not affect mate-searching behaviors in female G. pennsylvanicus, but exposure to conspecific song does. Developing females are able to adaptively respond to cues from conspecifics while ignoring other ambient sounds. |
Pharmacological and Behavioral Interventions Do Not Alter Performance on Canine Impulse Control Tasks
Ellen Furlong1, Frida Öster2, Rebecca Singer3, Molly Robinson1, Braden Antle1, Katherine Judy1, Julia Whorton1 et al.(1) Transylvania University; (2) Uppsala University; (3) Berea College
Pharmacological and Behavioral Interventions Do Not Alter Performance on Canine Impulse Control Tasks Ellen Furlong1, Frida Öster2, Rebecca Singer3, Molly Robinson1, Braden Antle1, Katherine Judy1, Julia Whorton1 et al.(1) Transylvania University; (2) Uppsala University; (3) Berea CollegeSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and behavioral training are widely used to address "impulse-control"–related behavioral issues in dogs, but their effects on inhibitory control as a cognitive function are unclear. We tested whether fluoxetine or short-term training alters performance on impulse control tasks. Pet dogs receiving fluoxetine were compared with untreated controls on tasks including the cylinder, A-not-B, middle cup, and V-detour. In a parallel study, minimally trained shelter dogs were tested before and after a brief intervention using the “It’s Yer Choice” game, with controls receiving equivalent human interaction. Across both studies, neither fluoxetine nor short-term training improved task performance. These findings suggest common interventions may not generalize to laboratory measures of inhibitory control and highlight limits in modifying cognitive aspects of impulsivity in dogs. |
Foul Air, Foul Alarm: Air Pollution and Acoustic Antipredator Responses in Passer domesticus
Kelly Ronald1, Natalia Gonzalez-Pech2, Eden Comer1, John Wenderski1, Jacob Bergstrom1, Liam Hanlon1 et al.(1) Hope College; (2) Wesleyan University
Foul Air, Foul Alarm: Air Pollution and Acoustic Antipredator Responses in Passer domesticusKelly Ronald1, Natalia Gonzalez-Pech2, Eden Comer1, John Wenderski1, Jacob Bergstrom1, Liam Hanlon1 et al.(1) Hope College; (2) Wesleyan UniversityUrbanization has been linked to biodiversity declines, with air pollution emerging as a potential but underexplored contributor. Particulate matter poses unique risks to avian species due to their highly efficient but vulnerable respiratory systems. While evidence of air pollution's effects on human health, including auditory brainstem dysmorphology, continues to mount, its impacts on wildlife remain poorly understood. Using house sparrows (Passer domesticus) as a model, we investigate the physiological and behavioral consequences of iron-oxide nanoparticle (IONP) exposure. We hypothesize that IONP exposure disrupts auditory processing and behavior through sensory impairments and bioaccumulation. We (1) assessed auditory sensitivity using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), (2) evaluated antipredator behavior, and (3) quantified IONP bioaccumulation in critical organs. Our findings reveal sex-specific declines in auditory sensitivity, which we predict may subsequently impair predator detection. This research pioneers the study of airborne nanoparticle exposure in wildlife, positioning songbirds as valuable bioindicators of environmental contamination. |
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| 10:30 |
Evidence for repeated evolution of cave traits in the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus
Maya S. Enriquez1, Stefan Choy2, Johanna E. Kowalko2, Suzanne E. McGaugh1 et al.(1) University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; (2) Lehigh University
Evidence for repeated evolution of cave traits in the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanusMaya S. Enriquez1, Stefan Choy2, Johanna E. Kowalko2, Suzanne E. McGaugh1 et al.(1) University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; (2) Lehigh UniversityMexican tetra fish exhibit two distinct phenotypes: the surface form which live in freshwater rivers, and the cave form which live in underground caves. Cave fish exhibit traits such as eye loss, increased sensitivity in sensory systems besides vision, and significantly reduced sleep compared to surface fish. Lineage reconstruction suggests several independent cave colonization events from ancestral surface fish, yet it is unknown whether cave traits appeared through similar or divergent mechanisms across cave populations. We aim to characterize the parallel evolutionary trajectory of complex cave traits across three different cave populations using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of sleep reduction, increased neuromast density, and the interaction between starvation and sleep. We estimated sleep under different feeding regimes to examine the plasticity of sleep response in response to nutrient availability and counted neuromasts within an anatomical region strongly associated with cave behaviors. Preliminary results suggest neuromast quantity correlates with sleep in some populations but not others, suggesting a different genetic basis and evidence for parallel evolution. |
Jumping Is Mediated by Different Leg Use Strategies Across Body Size in Jumping Spiders
Sophie E. Hanson1, Evan C. Fewell2, Beck Jacobs1, Sylvia L. Tuerke1, Ella S. Weisman1, Joseph E. Ramos1, Zephyr A. Eslick-Persyn1, Lani E. Thompson1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California, Berkeley; (2) Tuskegee University
Jumping Is Mediated by Different Leg Use Strategies Across Body Size in Jumping SpidersSophie E. Hanson1, Evan C. Fewell2, Beck Jacobs1, Sylvia L. Tuerke1, Ella S. Weisman1, Joseph E. Ramos1, Zephyr A. Eslick-Persyn1, Lani E. Thompson1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California, Berkeley; (2) Tuskegee UniversityJumping spiders (Salticidae) are renowned for their rapid, agile jumps. Jumping is a critical aspect of fitness throughout development, from early life stages to adulthood. Previous studies on jump performance have primarily focused on adult spiders, leaving variation in jump performance across a wide range of body sizes largely unexplored. To investigate jump kinematics and jump behavior across size and development, we used high-speed videography to film Phidippus regius jumps. Individuals in our study spanned over 2.5 orders of magnitude in body mass (1.39–600 mg). Using DeepLabCut tracking software, we extracted jump kinematics (e.g., max distance, takeoff velocity, acceleration, jump power) and analyzed which leg pairs contribute to jump propulsion during takeoff. We found that adults primarily use their third pair of legs to power their jumps, whereas young spiderlings consistently use both their third and fourth legs. This shift in leg use suggests that P. regius employs distinct behavioral strategies depending on their body size. While leg use is known to vary across species, this study provides evidence that leg use also varies within a species. |
Aggression in Dogs During Grooming: Causes and Solutions
Daria Roldugina1(1) Independent Animal Behavior Specialist and Groomer
Aggression in Dogs During Grooming: Causes and Solutions Daria Roldugina1(1) Independent Animal Behavior Specialist and GroomerAggression during grooming is a common issue that creates risks for both dogs and professionals. It is often seen as bad behavior or temperament, but is more accurately a response to stress, fear, or loss of control. This study looks at aggression during grooming as a context-specific response influenced by sensory stimuli, handling, and previous experiences.Observations were collected from dogs showing different levels of aggression during grooming sessions. Behaviors such as body language, vocalization, and recovery time were evaluated. The study also examines how changes in handling, gradual desensitization, and giving dogs the option to participate can affect aggressive responses. Preliminary observations suggest that improving predictability, reducing pressure, and supporting the dog’s sense of control can decrease aggression. Short breaks and allowing the dog to engage voluntarily also appear to help regulate behavior. These findings highlight the importance of using behavior-based methods in grooming and show that everyday care routines can play a key role in improving animal welfare and safety. |
Echoes of a Pandemic: Soundscape Perturbations and the Cultural Evolution of Bird Song
Elizabeth P Derryberry1, Graham E Derryberry1, Ruth A Simberloff1, Amy Luo1, David Luther2, Michael J Blum1, Jennifer N Phillips3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) George Mason University; (3) Washington State University
Echoes of a Pandemic: Soundscape Perturbations and the Cultural Evolution of Bird SongElizabeth P Derryberry1, Graham E Derryberry1, Ruth A Simberloff1, Amy Luo1, David Luther2, Michael J Blum1, Jennifer N Phillips3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) George Mason University; (3) Washington State UniversityAnthropogenic change is reshaping acoustic environments at unprecedented rates, altering constraints on vocal communication. The COVID-19 Anthropause created a rare reduction in human noise, providing a quasi-experimental opportunity to examine how culturally transmitted signals respond when constraints are relaxed. During the Spring 2020 shutdown in the San Francisco Bay Area, urban songbirds rapidly shifted song structure, producing lower-amplitude, broader-bandwidth songs that enhanced transmission in quieter conditions. As noise returned, responses were not fully parallel: some traits reverted, whereas others persisted. Across sites differing in post-shutdown noise recovery, the pace and extent of change tracked local soundscape trajectories. These results show that rapid behavioral flexibility does not guarantee uniform population responses and underscore the need to link environmental change with mechanisms of learning to predict how vocal traditions respond to human-altered landscapes. |
Polluted preferences: How anthropogenic volatile organic compounds influence pollinator behavior
Tierney M. Shaible1, Oscar Peterson2, Savannah McCabe2, Tyson Holifield2, Glen R. Hood1, Avery L. Russel2 et al.(1) Wayne State University; (2) Missouri State University
Polluted preferences: How anthropogenic volatile organic compounds influence pollinator behaviorTierney M. Shaible1, Oscar Peterson2, Savannah McCabe2, Tyson Holifield2, Glen R. Hood1, Avery L. Russel2 et al.(1) Wayne State University; (2) Missouri State UniversityIn urban areas, high pollution levels pose a significant threat to pollinators. Studies have shown that pollutants, like heavy metals, can reduce pollinator visits and negatively affect pollinator learning abilities and memory. Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (aVOCs) are a class of contaminants which primarily enter the soil as byproducts of industry and fossil fuel combustion. As with other pollutants, plant uptake and release of aVOCs via flowers could affect pollinator behavior and thus pollination services; however, no such study has previously been conducted. We investigated how aVOCs affected floral preference and learning by laboratory bumble bees. When bees were presented with two types of colored flowers, they learned to visit the color that presented nectar without aVOCs and to reject the flower color with aVOCs. However, bees could not learn to associate the presence or absence of aVOCs alone with a nectar reward. Our results suggest bees learn to avoid plant species with more aVOCs, but they cannot learn to use aVOCs as a cue on its own to avoid flowers. This has implications for understanding the impacts of pollution on ecosystem services, such as pollination. |
| 10:45 |
Genomic underpinnings of behavioral courtship display elements in hybridizing Selasphorus hummingbirds
Nadje A Najar1, Alan Brelsford2, Christopher Clark2, Brian Myers3, David Rankin2 et al.(1) Missouri State University; (2) University of California, Riverside; (3) Eastern Oregon University
Genomic underpinnings of behavioral courtship display elements in hybridizing Selasphorus hummingbirds Nadje A Najar1, Alan Brelsford2, Christopher Clark2, Brian Myers3, David Rankin2 et al.(1) Missouri State University; (2) University of California, Riverside; (3) Eastern Oregon UniversityWe compared admixed and non-admixed individuals in a hybridizing hummingbird species with different courtship displays to identify genomic loci associated with these behaviors. Selasphorus courtship displays consist of stereotyped high-speed dives and shuttles and they regularly hybridize where their ranges meet in northern California and southern Oregon. Hybrids have highly variable displays compared with unadmixed individuals, with many hybrids expressing transgressive (exceeding the parental) phenotypes. We used whole genome sequencing and an admixture model that accounts for population structure to map each element of the display to the genome from 377 adult male Allen’s and Rufous Hummingbirds. All courtship display elements, behavioral and morphological, overwhelmingly map to a small 6 Mb region of the Z chromosome. The species-level differences in behavior and morphology correspond to a peak association region spanning only four genes. Despite relative homogenization of the autosome, recombination in this region is not homogeneous, suggesting selection prevents the movement of Z but not autosomal alleles away from the hybrid zone. |
Male-Female Dynamics and Syntactic Flexibility Influence Courtship in Habronattus pyrrithrix Spiders
Abhinava Jagan Madabhushi1, Aaron Kuebel1, Alexandra Spoelker1, Cora Baldhoff1, Gowthami Vidhya1, Rianna Shome1, Theodore Campbell1, Areej Khan1, Nathan I. Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Male-Female Dynamics and Syntactic Flexibility Influence Courtship in Habronattus pyrrithrix SpidersAbhinava Jagan Madabhushi1, Aaron Kuebel1, Alexandra Spoelker1, Cora Baldhoff1, Gowthami Vidhya1, Rianna Shome1, Theodore Campbell1, Areej Khan1, Nathan I. Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiAnimal communication is often bidirectional with complex feedback dynamics and syntax. This dynamic view suggests that responding to social feedback may be important. For example, in courtship interactions females might prefer males that modulate their courtship in response to female behavior (‘social skill’ hypothesis). Alternatively, females might prefer males with high overall courtship intensity, selecting against behavioral flexibility (‘courtship vigor’ hypothesis). Few studies have contrasted these two possibilities, especially in invertebrates. We tested these hypotheses by examining the temporal dynamics of male and female behavior during courtship in Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spiders. We find that female visual attention is critical for courtship outcomes, and that males differ in how well they retain it. We then examine whether male courtship syntax and responsiveness to female behavior influence female attention and courtship outcomes. Our results suggest that male behavioral flexibility influences courtship success, supporting the ‘social skill’ hypothesis. Our research thus highlights the importance of behavioral flexibility during courtship. |
Effects of exercise and physiological parameters on odor detection performance
Liza Rothkoff1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Jörg Schultz2, Michele N. Maughan3, Eric Best4, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University; (2) Tier Wohl Team GbR; (3) Precise Systems Inc.; (4) Department of Emergency Management and Homeland Security, University at Albany
Effects of exercise and physiological parameters on odor detection performanceLiza Rothkoff1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Jörg Schultz2, Michele N. Maughan3, Eric Best4, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University; (2) Tier Wohl Team GbR; (3) Precise Systems Inc.; (4) Department of Emergency Management and Homeland Security, University at AlbanyIt is widely assumed that prolonged or intense exertion while working reduces a detection dog’s ability to detect odors—but the physiological drivers behind this decline have remained uncertain. To investigate this, we used a controlled setup in which dogs performed a go/no-go odor detection task on an olfacto-treadmill. In Experiment 1, dogs exercised at a constant pace—either walking or trotting for 33 minutes. Olfactory performance remained stable while walking but declined sharply after 21 minutes at a trot. Gastrointestinal temperature change was a strong predictor under these conditions. To test whether this effect was causal, Experiment 2 introduced a mid-session switch in pace. Performance declined during a trot and remained low even after switching to a walk. Dogs switching from walking to trotting showed the steepest performance drop. In this design, exercise intensity and duration—not gastrointestinal temperature—were the strongest predictors of olfactory sensitivity. These findings provide evidence that olfactory performance declines with physical exertion and reveal that the primary drivers of the decline are intensity and duration of activity. |
Behavioral responses to anthropogenic noise pollution in the Thai Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis)
Julia Galante1,2, Sompong Woragool2, Kanoktip Somsiri3, Stephanie Poindexter1,2,4 et al.(1) Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo; (2) Sakaerat Slow Loris Project, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station; (3) Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research; (4) Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo
Behavioral responses to anthropogenic noise pollution in the Thai Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis)Julia Galante1,2, Sompong Woragool2, Kanoktip Somsiri3, Stephanie Poindexter1,2,4 et al.(1) Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo; (2) Sakaerat Slow Loris Project, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station; (3) Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research; (4) Department of Anthropology, University at BuffaloNocturnal animals are influenced by disturbances differently than their diurnal counterparts; the impact of nocturnal disturbances is relatively understudied. Here we investigated the impact of anthropogenic noise pollution on the nocturnal, Endangered Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) in Thailand. We hypothesized that nightly anthropogenic noise pollution modulated the frequency of nightly behaviors. We collected behavioral data at the Sakaerat Slow Loris Project in Northeastern Thailand, and concurrently recorded decibel levels and the type of sound (anthropogenic or natural) heard. We found no statically significant relationships between decibel level and frequency of behaviors. There was a statically significant negative relationship between behavioral diversity and decibel level (p < 0.001). The type of sound did not significantly affect behavior, however behaviors occurred more frequently in natural soundscapes. Our results suggest that N. bengalensis possess behavioral flexibility in anthropogenically disturbed environments. Considering how anthropogenic disturbances influence the sensory environments in nocturnal animals is vital for future conservation efforts. |
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Seasonal and Sex-Dependent Plasticity in Visual Signals and Sensory Transcriptomes of the Monarch Butterfly
Dmitry Kutcherov1, Grace E. Hirzel1,2, Joseph P. Goodlin1, Erica L. Westerman1 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) North Dakota State University
Seasonal and Sex-Dependent Plasticity in Visual Signals and Sensory Transcriptomes of the Monarch ButterflyDmitry Kutcherov1, Grace E. Hirzel1,2, Joseph P. Goodlin1, Erica L. Westerman1 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) North Dakota State UniversitySeasonally changing environments impose strong selective pressures on animal sensory systems, yet plasticity in insect vision remains poorly understood. We examined seasonal transcriptomic variation in eyes and antennae, as well as variation in wing pattern and reflectance, in wild-caught male and female monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) from prairies of Northwest Arkansas. Monarchs were collected in summer (reproductive season) and fall (diapause and migration), two seasons that differ in sensory demands and visual environment. We examined how these differences are reflected in sensory transcriptomes. Both eyes and antennae showed pronounced seasonal shifts in gene expression, particularly in genes associated with energy metabolism, phototransduction, circadian rhythms, and neural plasticity. Wing patterning genes were also differentially expressed across season in sensory tissues. These transcriptomic changes were accompanied by differences in wing coloration. Together, our results link seasonal changes in gene expression and wing phenotype to distinct behavioral states, providing a possible molecular basis for sensory differences between reproductive and migratory monarchs. |
Insights From a Multi-Year Study of a Population of Free-Living, Isogenic Mice
Matthew N Zipple1, Michael J Sheehan1 et al.(1) Cornell University, LASER Lab
Insights From a Multi-Year Study of a Population of Free-Living, Isogenic MiceMatthew N Zipple1, Michael J Sheehan1 et al.(1) Cornell University, LASER LabGenetically uniform mice have long been the go-to biomedical model vertebrate, allowing causal conclusions about how experimental treatments shape individual outcomes. But despite decades of study, the extent to which ecologically relevant environmental variation shapes individual behavior and development remains essentially unknown, due to the artificial and constant environments in which isogenic mice are typically studied. Here we report results from an ongoing multi-year study of a population of freely living, isogenic mice living outdoors in an ecologically realistic environment. We document strong seasonal effects on daily movement and circadian patterns in these animals as well as seasonal effects on social structure and behavioral development. These results add to a growing body of evidence that the behaviors and physiology of mice living within a laboratory environment bear only a limited resemblance to genetically identical animals living under complex, ecologically relevant conditions. |
Comparing and validating methods to measure dogs’ olfactory thresholds
Connor T. Lambert1, Glenna N. Cupp1, Sarah A. Kane1, Andrea C. Medrano1, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Texas Tech University
Comparing and validating methods to measure dogs’ olfactory thresholdsConnor T. Lambert1, Glenna N. Cupp1, Sarah A. Kane1, Andrea C. Medrano1, Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Texas Tech UniversityOlfactory detection thresholds can provide insight into the ecology, evolution, and behavior of a species. In dogs, olfactory thresholds are especially relevant for improving odor training and identifying behaviorally relevant chemicals for detection work. However, the methods previously used to examine dogs’ olfactory thresholds are varied and often lack controls or external validation. We aimed to (1) compare three threshold procedures to determine which yields the lowest (i.e. most sensitive) olfactory thresholds in dogs, (2) evaluate potential confounds of these methods, and (3) validate our methods via a reference odor used in previous studies of dog olfactory thresholds. We found that a descending blocked procedure provided the lowest threshold values, and that these thresholds are within the range of previous research. Our control tests found that our measured olfactory thresholds were not driven by fatigue or sensory adaptation. Ultimately, we have identified a valid method for assessing dog olfactory thresholds that can guide future work to understand olfactory ecology and evolution in dogs and better identify behaviorally relevant chemicals for detection work. |
Inherited biases shape the cultural evolution of bird song
David Lahti1,2(1) Queens College, City University of New York; (2) The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Inherited biases shape the cultural evolution of bird songDavid Lahti1,2(1) Queens College, City University of New York; (2) The Graduate Center, City University of New YorkSocial learning is the defining mechanism of culture, but it does not operate independently of inherited developmental influences. On the contrary, inherited features can substantially influence the nature and dynamics even of traits that are acquired via social learning and can be said to culturally evolve. I illustrate this sort of effect with three lab-rearing studies. First, swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana) do not simply copy the songs they hear; when possible, they preferentially learn or produce higher-performance versions. Second, canaries (Serinus canaria) selectively bred for different traits differ genetically in the songs they will learn and in the parts of their repertoires they tend to sing. Third, house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) song contains features that vary in their degree of developmental flexibility, spanning a continuum from relative rigidity to malleability under social learning. Together, these studies show that even cultural signals are structured by inherited biases, with important consequences for trajectories of song evolution. |
The effect of sensory pollutants on mixed-species chorus dynamics
Ana M. Ospina-Larrea1, Adriana A. Bustos1, Jabez Shin1, Ximena E. Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092
The effect of sensory pollutants on mixed-species chorus dynamics Ana M. Ospina-Larrea1, Adriana A. Bustos1, Jabez Shin1, Ximena E. Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092Urbanization reshapes sensory environments through artificial light at night (ALAN) and traffic noise, interfering with signal production, transmission, and receiver responses. Research has mainly focused on individual responses to noise or ALAN in isolation, and less is known about their combined effects, despite their frequent co-occurrence in urban habitats. Thus, it remains unclear how these stressors influence chorus-level dynamics. Frog choruses are social systems in which timing, participation, and acoustic energy relate to mating opportunities and reproductive success. We investigated the independent and combined effects of ALAN and traffic noise by broadcasting these pollutants to natural choruses. We quantified short-term changes in chorus energy, frequency structure, and temporal dynamics. We predicted that traffic noise would filter out low-frequency species, while ALAN would reduce calling motivation and participation. Simultaneous exposure could amplify disruptions beyond individual effects. This study provides insights into how sensory pollutants affect chorus dynamics in rapidly changing environments and how frogs may cope with sensory disturbances. |
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Functional Characterization of a Gustatory Receptor In Mate Choice and Activity Patterns In a Butterfly
Keity J. Farfan-Pira1, David Ernst2, Erica Westerman1 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Functional Characterization of a Gustatory Receptor In Mate Choice and Activity Patterns In a ButterflyKeity J. Farfan-Pira1, David Ernst2, Erica Westerman1 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesMate selection is a critical animal behavior, yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood. We investigate the genetic basis of mate selection using the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Having identified candidate genes for mate preference learning via genomic screening, we assessed a top candidate gene, a gustatory receptor (GR15105). We generated knockout lines and used controlled behavioral assays to assess its effect on preference and behavior. Specifically, we tested mutant female preference for male genotype (wild-type (WT) vs. mutant), visual cues (UV-spot counts), and pheromone detection, as well as activity levels relative to WT females. Mutant females prefer WT males over mutant males. While mutants, unlike WT, showed no preference for UV-spot number, they did retain the ability to perceive pheromones, suggesting that the mutation may alter trait discrimination rather than general sensory capability. Furthermore, mutants exhibited decreased copulation proportion during the morning compared to wild-type counterparts. These findings provide insights into molecular pathways that may translate sensory input into the complex social behaviors driving sexual selection. |
Severe Wildfires Alter Behavior-Performance Relationships in a Ground-nesting Songbird
Jacob Johnson1, Andrew Sih1, Thomas Hahn1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis
Severe Wildfires Alter Behavior-Performance Relationships in a Ground-nesting SongbirdJacob Johnson1, Andrew Sih1, Thomas Hahn1 et al.(1) University of California, DavisAs fire regimes accelerate worldwide, understanding how animals cope with the after-effects of fire is critical. We studied interactions between behavior and performance indices from 2023-2025 in the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), a ground nesting songbird, examining how the interplay of behavioral type and individual performance shifted within and between severely burned and unburned study sites, as well as how time-since-fire impacted these relationships. We compared territorial aggression with territory quality and body condition in both burned and unburned habitat throughout Lassen National Forest. Our findings suggest that territorial aggression had a much stronger relationship with performance in postfire habitat, suggesting that burned environments may favor individuals with highly aggressive behavioral types via competition for rare high-quality territories. While aggression in burned habitats was higher for all three years of our study, behavioral differences between burned and unburned habitats decreased with postfire recovery. We highlight how extreme environments may reveal a functionality behind variable behavioral types that can otherwise be experimentally elusive. |
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Quiet the noise: Signal detection in noise varies among urban and rural soundscapes.
Alejandro Velez1,2, Carolyn Schwartz3, Tarah Haslett3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behavior (CoLAB); (3) San Francisco State University
Quiet the noise: Signal detection in noise varies among urban and rural soundscapes.Alejandro Velez1,2, Carolyn Schwartz3, Tarah Haslett3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behavior (CoLAB); (3) San Francisco State UniversityThe world is inherently noisy and, over the last century, urban expansion has led to a drastic increase in human-generated noise. Several studies have shown how vocal signals change in response to increasing levels of anthropogenic noise. Recent reviews propose that the major gap in the field is our lack of understanding of how sensory-processing mechanisms, particularly the ability to extract signals from noise, are changing in urban soundscapes. In this study of Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla), we asked whether the ability to detect signals in noise varies among populations exposed to different levels of natural and anthropogenic noise. We recorded auditory brainstem responses for tones between 0.4 and 5.0 kHz in the presence of broadband noise broadcast at two levels. Overall, subjects from sites with high levels of ambient noise had higher masked thresholds and critical ratios at frequencies below 1.0 kHz, but showed less amount of masking between 1.6 and 2.5 kHz. Together, our results suggest that hearing differences associated with ambient noise levels improve the signal-to-noise ratio by filtering out noise in a frequency region important for communication. |
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Evolutionary biology of sociability: using genetic screens in fruit flies to study mammalian sociability
Jack Rosenbaum1, Vajran Sugunanavalan1, Jacco Renstrom1, Siyao Li1, Katrina Choe1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University
Evolutionary biology of sociability: using genetic screens in fruit flies to study mammalian sociabilityJack Rosenbaum1, Vajran Sugunanavalan1, Jacco Renstrom1, Siyao Li1, Katrina Choe1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster UniversitySociability is individuals' tendencies to engage in friendly activities, such as feeding, traveling, and resting with conspecifics. To enhance our understanding of the evolutionary biology of sociability, we conducted genetic analyses, which identified over 300 candidate sociability genes in fruit flies. We also verified via experiments using RNA interference the direct effects of 28 genes on sociability. One of the genes with strongest effects on sociability was Sec5. Sec5 and its human ortholog, EXOC2, code for a subunit of the exocyst complex, which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles. To test whether EXOC2 affects mammalian sociability, we generated via CRISPR neuron-specific Exoc2 knockout mice. We found that knocking out both copies of Exoc2 in neurons was lethal, and that knocking out a single copy of Exoc2 in neurons failed to reduce Exoc2 expression. We thus generated mice with partial deletion of neuronal Exoc2 using a Cre-conditional virus and tested their sociability. Using such approaches, we intend to study the effects of other newly discovered fruit-fly sociability genes on sociability in mammals including humans. |
Sex-specific tuning and plasticity of sensory systems
Piyumika Suriyampola1, Jasmine Norris1, Sean Snyder1, Ryker Preston1, Emilia Martins1 et al.(1) Arizona State University
Sex-specific tuning and plasticity of sensory systemsPiyumika Suriyampola1, Jasmine Norris1, Sean Snyder1, Ryker Preston1, Emilia Martins1 et al.(1) Arizona State UniversityReproductive state induces physiological changes that alter behavior, including shifts in sensory behavior. Some sensory modalities sharpen during breeding, potentially aiding interactions with mates, yet these changes may differ between sexes and may not enhance all senses equally. Little is known about how reproductive state influences multiple sensory systems simultaneously, or whether males and females show distinct trade‑offs. We tested whether simulated breeding conditions are linked to sensory responsiveness in male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Using environmental cues typical of the breeding season, we induced reproductive state and measured visual and chemical sensitivity with optomotor and chemomotor assays. Females showed consistently higher visual sensitivity than males, regardless of reproductive condition. In contrast, males exhibited enhanced chemical sensitivity when reproductively primed, while females showed no such shift. These findings suggest that reproductive state selectively alters sensory modalities in a sex‑specific manner rather than uniformly enhancing sensory performance, reflecting differing ecological and social pressures on males and females. |
Rethinking Self-Control Training in Dogs: Does Choice Enhance Performance?
Rebecca A. Singer1, Ellen E. Furlong2, Jasmine Grooms1, Simon Drake1 et al.(1) Berea College; (2) Transylvania University
Rethinking Self-Control Training in Dogs: Does Choice Enhance Performance?Rebecca A. Singer1, Ellen E. Furlong2, Jasmine Grooms1, Simon Drake1 et al.(1) Berea College; (2) Transylvania UniversityImpulse control issues are one of the primary reasons behind failed adoptions. Previous work has failed to show that specifically training a long down-stay in the face of increasing distractions improves performance on any of four different self-control tasks in a laboratory setting. Context specificity of self-control may account for this disconnect between training and test performance. Alternatively, choice and autonomy may play a role in all facets of self-control, regardless of context.In the current study, we examined whether providing dogs with an autonomous choice would enhance performance on a spatial delay discounting task. In this task, dogs were required to bypass a low-value reward (LVR) to obtain a high-value reward (HVR). Self-control was operationalized as the maximum distance dogs were willing to travel to access the HVR. We tested whether the opportunity to make an autonomous choice increased dogs’ willingness to forgo the immediate, lower-value option in favor of the delayed, higher-value reward. |
Cultural Evolution of Complexity
Heather Williams1(1) Williams College
Cultural Evolution of ComplexityHeather Williams1(1) Williams CollegeThe learned songs sung by populations of Savannah sparrows and humpback whales change from year to year, usually increasing incrementally in complexity – an “evolution” phase – followed by periodic “revolutions” when the songs become much simpler. One explanation for this pattern might be limits on individuals' ability to learn and perform ever more complicated songs. If sexual selection favors both complex songs and well-performed songs, a simpler song that is sung accurately and well may be favored over a complex song sung poorly. Males that learn complex songs might then choose to drop some song elements and replace others with simpler versions. If song complexity is an accurate signal of a male’s developmental trajectory or his cognitive or physiological characteristics, males singing more complex songs would then be expected to have greater fitness. Wild Savannah sparrow males that copied complex foreign songs played through speakers over a five-year period provide an opportunity for testing these predictions. Many copiers simplified the complex songs, suggesting that cognitive and/or performance limits may explain cycles of complexity in the cultural evolution of songs. |
A Mechanistic Framework for Noise Effects on Animal Communication
Leah Gath1, Maddie Rhodes2, Kasey Fowler-Finn1 et al.(1) Saint Louis University; (2) Cornell University
A Mechanistic Framework for Noise Effects on Animal CommunicationLeah Gath1, Maddie Rhodes2, Kasey Fowler-Finn1 et al.(1) Saint Louis University; (2) Cornell UniversityRecent increases in anthropogenic noise can have important consequences for animals, particularly those that rely on acoustic communication for fitness-related behaviors. Animals display a wide range of responses to anthropogenic noise; however, we lack a predictive framework to explain this variation. Here, we conducted a field experiment testing how different noises impact signaling behavior in a community that utilizes vibrational signals, which are transmitted through solid substrates such as plant stems and leaves. We specifically tested whether the impacts of noise on communication depend on noise source or properties, signal properties, or their interaction. To do so, we tested whether greater overlap between noise playbacks (varying in source, bandwidth, and frequency range) and signals led to increased changes in signaling behavior. Most vibrational signalers shifted signal timing to avoid overlap with noise, some shifted spectral properties, and others showed no response. Thus, the impacts of noise on communication may depend on both noise and signal properties, providing a potential explanation for the wide variety of responses animals exhibit to anthropogenic noise. |
| 11:45 |
Gene expression correlates of social information in Drosophila melanogaster
Julia Saltz1, Marina Hutchins2, Kim Hughes3 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) University of Texas; (3) Florida State University
Gene expression correlates of social information in Drosophila melanogasterJulia Saltz1, Marina Hutchins2, Kim Hughes3 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) University of Texas; (3) Florida State UniversityMany animals use information obtained from observing conspecifics to make decisions critical for fitness and other outcomes. The mechanisms by which individuals collect and use social information are often unclear. Recently, we described how male fruit flies, D. melanogaster, use social information to decide how much aggression to direct towards the males they observed. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of this effect by analyzing gene expression from heads of males that observed zero, one, or two interacting demonstrators. These treatments allowed us to disentangle social information from handling stress and from any priming effects of observing another male without observing aggression. We used network analyses to identify modules of co-expressed transcripts associated with social information. By the time of the conference, we'll have information about genes and mechanisms are enriched within these key modules. Overall, this study provides hints about how social information gets inside observers to shape their later behavior. |
Recovery and/or regeneration: Navigation in a nudibranch sea slug after injury
Cheyenne C. Tait1, Sandra Gerges1 et al.(1) Marshall University
Recovery and/or regeneration: Navigation in a nudibranch sea slug after injuryCheyenne C. Tait1, Sandra Gerges1 et al.(1) Marshall UniversityNudibranch sea slugs are bright, showy molluscs that can regenerate appendages when lost. However, when danger abounds, including sea anemones, sea spiders, and each other, injury would not be limited to peripheral structures. Invertebrates like planaria can regenerate the central nervous system. With a goal to determine whether the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae regenerates its brain, we removed one pedal (locomotory) ganglion, then tracked recovery. Initially, injured animals did not respond to food. After approximately one week, they showed they could sense it by beginning to move after it was added. However, they moved in circles, as the side of their body ipsilateral to the injury was paralyzed. Between weekly trials, circling began to get them closer to the food, with some successfully eating. Some individuals also showed an idiosyncratic behavior of lifting their anterior half off the substrate to move at sharp angles towards food. Our work reveals highly variable trajectories to recovering food navigation ability. Future experiments include fluorescent immunohistochemistry to uncover neural mechanisms of recovery and regeneration in this sea slug. |
Evaluating Emotional And Cognitive Domains In Dogs With And Without Chronic Pain
Morgan Ferrans1,5, Maggie Creamer1,5, Liubov Arbeeva2, Masataka Enomoto5, Kara Moore1, Sina Mahs1, Vanessa Woods4, Shelby Carter4, Kyle Smith1, Francis Keefe3, Brian Hare4, Benedict D.X. Lascelles5,6, Margaret Gruen1,6 et al.(1) Comparative Behavioral Research and Thinking Pets Program; (2) Thurston Arthritis Research Center; (3) Duke University School of Medicine; (4) Duke University; (5) Translational Research in Pain; (6) Comparative Pain Research and Education Center
Evaluating Emotional And Cognitive Domains In Dogs With And Without Chronic PainMorgan Ferrans1,5, Maggie Creamer1,5, Liubov Arbeeva2, Masataka Enomoto5, Kara Moore1, Sina Mahs1, Vanessa Woods4, Shelby Carter4, Kyle Smith1, Francis Keefe3, Brian Hare4, Benedict D.X. Lascelles5,6, Margaret Gruen1,6 et al.(1) Comparative Behavioral Research and Thinking Pets Program; (2) Thurston Arthritis Research Center; (3) Duke University School of Medicine; (4) Duke University; (5) Translational Research in Pain; (6) Comparative Pain Research and Education CenterAlthough chronic pain in humans is known to affect cognition and emotion, biopsychosocial impacts of pain in other species are poorly understood. To better characterize canine chronic pain, we developed a battery of cognitive and emotional domain tests and compared dogs with and without osteoarthritis (OA). Subjects (n=48) will complete the behavioral battery twice, four weeks apart. We present preliminary analyses (n=17) examining group differences and consistency of performance (test-retest reliability) across visits. At the first timepoint, we observed differences (Welch’s independent sample t-tests) between groups in some emotional and cognitive measures, but not always in the expected direction. Test-retest consistency (intraclass correlation) was good in several novel emotional outcome measures as well as cognitive measures, suggesting stable individual performance over time. We also evaluated potential systematic bias between sessions using paired t-tests. In future work, we will increase sample size and number of timepoints, and include an OA-pain group receiving effective analgesia to test whether reducing pain alters cognition and emotion. |
Auditory Looming and Intensity Response to Noise Stimuli in a Cetartiodactyl
Dana L. Adcock1, Douglas P. Nowacek2, Brandon L. Southall3, Susan E. Parks1 et al.(1) Syracuse University; (2) Duke University Marine Lab; (3) Southall Environmental Associates
Auditory Looming and Intensity Response to Noise Stimuli in a CetartiodactylDana L. Adcock1, Douglas P. Nowacek2, Brandon L. Southall3, Susan E. Parks1 et al.(1) Syracuse University; (2) Duke University Marine Lab; (3) Southall Environmental AssociatesImpacts of auditory intensity dynamics, such as looming, are understudied in nonhuman species. The behavioral responses of 23 fin whales(Balaenoptera physalus, order Cetartiodactyla) carrying archival tags to close approaching and receding vessels were assessed. Kinematic parameters were used to examine event-based movement outliers above baseline thresholds(standardized Mahalanobis Distance). Five behavioral states were identified(feeding,exploratory foraging,rest,travel,unknown) over 30 s intervals. The tags recorded 40 approach and passage by vessels on 13 fin whales(12M,1F). Movement outliers were detected during 11 exposures on 5 individuals. The probability of these outliers occurring increased with a more rapid increase in received level(RL) between 30s bins(GEE,p< 0.01), particularly in low and intermediate absolute RLs. The whales significantly decreased travel(-18%) and increased rest behavior(+30%) during the approach phase of the vessel compared to baseline(GEE,p< 0.05), but not during vessel recession. These results demonstrate event- and state-based behavioral responses to looming acoustic stimuli in a Cetartiodactyl, only reported previously in primates and rodents. |
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Neural targets of male ejaculate proteins on female post-mating behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster
Sushant Potdar1, Tasnim Makhmudova1, Ava Schenck-Davis1, Sofie Y. N. Delbare1,2, Asha M. Jain1, Yassi Hafezi1, Mariana F. Wolfner1, Andrew G. Clark1 et al.(1) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; (2) NYU Langone Health
Neural targets of male ejaculate proteins on female post-mating behaviors in Drosophila melanogasterSushant Potdar1, Tasnim Makhmudova1, Ava Schenck-Davis1, Sofie Y. N. Delbare1,2, Asha M. Jain1, Yassi Hafezi1, Mariana F. Wolfner1, Andrew G. Clark1 et al.(1) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; (2) NYU Langone HealthIn many insects, female behavior changes after mating. This plasticity can be mediated by male-derived seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) interacting with the female nervous system. The Drosophila melanogaster Sex Peptide (SP), an SFP, causes mated females to decrease daytime sleep and consume more food than unmated females. While the SP-sensing neural circuits that connect to the female brain are known, the downstream neurons that affect post-mating behaviors are unknown. Since previous studies had shown that P2-neurons affect sleeping and feeding, we tested whether they are required downstream of mating/SP. Using the GAL4/UAS system, we activated/silenced P2-neurons in mated and unmated females, and measured the time spent sleeping, and food consumption. We found that P2-neurons are not responsible for post-mating changes in sleep, as mated females slept less compared to unmated females irrespective of P2-neuron perturbation. We are currently determining whether P2-neurons affect post-mating feeding behavior. Together, our work showcases the role (or lack of) a neural target of reproductive molecules, and the diverse ways in which such molecules affect female brains and behaviors. |
Sexual Selection on Social Plasticity Differs Between Alternative Types in Wild Fish Species
Megan M. Molinari1, Susan E. Marsh-Rollo1,2, Suzanne H. Alonzo1 et al.(1) University of California Santa Cruz; (2) McMaster University
Sexual Selection on Social Plasticity Differs Between Alternative Types in Wild Fish SpeciesMegan M. Molinari1, Susan E. Marsh-Rollo1,2, Suzanne H. Alonzo1 et al.(1) University of California Santa Cruz; (2) McMaster UniversitySocial plasticity- the ability to change behavior in response to a shifting social environment- can strongly influence reproductive success. Despite its importance, few studies have examined whether differences in social plasticity among individuals affects reproductive success. We estimated social plasticity and reproductive success in a fish species with alternative male reproductive types, Symphodus ocellatus, by measuring their behavior before and after removing reproductive competitors in the wild. We asked (1) whether individuals vary in social plasticity and (2) whether sexual selection on plasticity differs between male types. Only subordinate males showed greater among-individual variation in plasticity in competitor-removal trials compared with control. Additionally, only subordinate males showed evidence of selection on plasticity; males that reduced submissive behavior after competitor removal had higher reproductive success, suggesting that sexual selection for social plasticity acts more strongly on subordinate males than dominant males. Our study suggests that sexual selection may favor the evolution of social plasticity for some but not all reproductive tactics. |
Comparing Canine Detection Thresholds in Indoor vs. Outdoor Environments
Madalyn Bower1, Liza Rothkoff1, Arieli Daieny Da Fonseca1, Nathaniel J. Hall1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1 et al.(1) Texas Tech University
Comparing Canine Detection Thresholds in Indoor vs. Outdoor EnvironmentsMadalyn Bower1, Liza Rothkoff1, Arieli Daieny Da Fonseca1, Nathaniel J. Hall1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1 et al.(1) Texas Tech UniversitySensory studies are often conducted in clean homogenous environments with minimal distractors. Detection dogs, however, often operate in complex outdoor environments, and testing under these environments may be important to assess operational capability. We investigated whether the testing environment has important impacts on detection dog capabilities. We compared dogs’ (n=5) odor detection threshold to 1-bromooctane in a laboratory environment and in a less controlled outdoor environment. Dogs were first trained to perform a 3-AFC task both in a controlled indoor laboratory room and outdoors. To evaluate threshold, dogs completed blocks of 10 trials that descended in concentration in half-log steps until accuracy dropped below 60%, with a starting dilution of 10-3.5 v/v in mineral oil. We used a probit regression model to calculate each dog's 75% detection threshold in each testing environment. Mean detection threshold for 1-bromooctane did not differ significantly across testing environments with outdoor threshold at 10-5.37 and indoors at 10-5.46. These findings support the operational validity of previous indoor threshold studies. |
12:15 PM – 1:15 PM
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Rookwood
Grad School Info Session
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Rosewood
Demystifying the Submission and Review Process at Animal Behaviour
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Salon H & I
Education Committee Meeting
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1:30 PM – 3:30 PM
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Pavillion
Symposium: the Legacy and Impact of Zuleyma Tang-Martinez's 50 Years of Contributions to the Animal Behavior Society (1)
Chairs: Debbie Boege-Tobin, Danielle Lee, Beth Congdon |
Rookwood
Behavior and Ecology
Chairs: Janice Yan, Lydia Wassink |
Rosewood
Social Behavior
Chairs: Antonio Rodrigues, Emily Laub |
Salon F & G
Symposium: Cultural Evolution of Vocal Communication: Behavioral Mechanisms and Outcomes (2)
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| 1:30 |
Introduction: Dr. Zuleyma Tang-Martinez's Academic Legacies |
Session Pause
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Session Pause
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Cultural evolution in birdsong through the lens of cooperation and conflict
Nicole Creanza1, Jiaying Yang1, Kate Snyder1 et al.(1) Vanderbilt University
Cultural evolution in birdsong through the lens of cooperation and conflictNicole Creanza1, Jiaying Yang1, Kate Snyder1 et al.(1) Vanderbilt UniversityBirdsong is a complex behavioral trait affected by multiple selection pressures. Traditionally, research has focused on male birdsong in the context of aggressive conflict or competition for mates. Here, in addition to its roles in conflict and aggression, we consider both male and female song in the context of cooperative behaviors. First, we examine male-female cooperation during song production, termed “duetting”, and use phylogenetic comparative methods to show that the pressures of cooperative interactions appear to drive song evolution to prevent the duetting songs from overlapping, affecting both the timing and pitch of songs. In addition, we studied whether a different type of cooperative interaction affects song evolution: cooperative breeding with helpers at the nest. We found that cooperative breeding and female song co-occur significantly more often than phylogenetically expected, and cooperative breeding appears to prevent the loss of female song. In addition, we find that male song repertoire size evolves more slowly in cooperative-breeding lineages. Our findings demonstrate how social interactions can shape the evolution of male and female vocal traits in songbirds. |
| 1:45 |
Biotic and abiotic influences on dusky damselfish aggression
Kevin Wolfe1, Keanu Donoho1, Channing Livingston1, David Varley1, Lydia Wassink2 et al.(1) University of South Florida; (2) New College of Florida
Biotic and abiotic influences on dusky damselfish aggression Kevin Wolfe1, Keanu Donoho1, Channing Livingston1, David Varley1, Lydia Wassink2 et al.(1) University of South Florida; (2) New College of FloridaDusky damselfish (Stegastes adustus) are known for territorial behaviors, commonly when defending algal resources (Mahoney, 1981). In contrast, they often tolerate cleaner gobies (Elacatinus spp.) within their territories. Cleaner gobies are known to benefit other reef fishes, including dusky damselfish, by removing ectoparasites (Côté and Soares, 2011). Environmental stressors like elevated temperature may alter interactions between dusky damselfish and cleaner gobies, as well as with fishes seeking cleaning services from gobies located in damselfish territories. This study exposed 20 dusky damselfish to either moderate (26.6°C) or high (30°C) temperatures. Five damselfish in each temperature treatment were housed with a neon goby (Elacatinus oceanops) to determine if cleaner presence influenced temperature effects on aggression. We used 3D printed models of the Atlantic blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus), bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum), stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride), and lionfish (Pterois volitans) to assess dusky damselfish responses to an intruder. Results will yield insights into how abiotic factors alter interspecies interactions in coral reef communities. |
Does it matter who’s missing? Behavioral responses to partner versus peer social disruption.
Sophia A. Becker1, Paula Verzola-Olivio1, Celia R. McLean1, Katie M. Greening1, Varsha V. Patel1, Mary R. Elson1, Nora H. Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell University
Does it matter who’s missing? Behavioral responses to partner versus peer social disruption.Sophia A. Becker1, Paula Verzola-Olivio1, Celia R. McLean1, Katie M. Greening1, Varsha V. Patel1, Mary R. Elson1, Nora H. Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell UniversitySocial relationships extend beyond reproductive partnerships in many species, yet the consequences of social disruption have been studied almost exclusively in the context of pair bonds. Here, we ask whether the physiological and behavioral consequences of social disruption differ depending on relationship type in zebra finches. We separated either partners from their mates, isolating each individual, or neighboring bonded pairs from one another, such that each individual retained its partner while losing access to familiar peers. We quantified affiliative behavior, vocalizations, and circulating corticosterone before and after separation. Preliminary analyses indicate that behavioral responses to social disruption depend on the nature of the disrupted bond, with birds in the partner condition showing stronger affiliative-seeking behaviors following disruption than those in the peer condition. Collectively, our data suggests that the nature of a social relationship shapes how individuals respond to its disruption. |
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| 2:00 |
The Habituation–Discrimination Paradigm and Tang-Martínez’s Legacy in the Study of Social Recognition and Neural Mechanisms
Marcela Fernandez
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Range Wide Effects of Climate Variation on Salamander Migration Timing
Shayna Earl1, Alycia Lackey1 et al.(1) University of Louisville
Range Wide Effects of Climate Variation on Salamander Migration TimingShayna Earl1, Alycia Lackey1 et al.(1) University of LouisvilleA population’s ability to respond to climate change depends on the tolerable range of environmental conditions, which is shaped by physiology and local adaptation. Certain behaviors, such as migration, rely on climatic cues, with changes in these cues leading to major consequences. Disrupted migration timing can destabilize populations, especially for those that migrate to breed. Yet, little research sufficiently explores the connection between climate change and migration over space and time. To predict responses to present and future climate variation across their entire range, we must employ methods that provide fine-scaled information across large geographic areas. Our research combines climate data with long-term spotted salamander migration datasets to assess range-wide responses to climate change. We then use climate projections to create projections for future migration timing across their range. Our results demonstrate that salamanders across the range vary in their responses to climate change. We demonstrate the importance in evaluating population-level effects of climate driven phenology when considering the health and conservation of species over a wide geographic area. |
Social partner choice impacts cooperation and fitness in Paper wasp nest-founding queens
Emily C. Laub1, Noa Pinter-Wollman2, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan; (2) University of California, Los Angeles
Social partner choice impacts cooperation and fitness in Paper wasp nest-founding queensEmily C. Laub1, Noa Pinter-Wollman2, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan; (2) University of California, Los AngelesMuch theoretical work proposes that social partner choice, where animals actively invest in social relationships with some individuals at the exclusion of others, plays an important role in the evolution of cooperative behavior. Here, we present a novel test of how partner choice impacts the stability of social relationships and reproductive success through manipulating partner choices in paper wasp nest-founding queens (Polistes fuscatus). Nest-founding queens spend several weeks assessing potential partners before settling down to nest in cooperative groups. In this experiment, we allowed nest-founding queens to assess potential partners, then moved groups of wasps to naturalistic enclosures. Groups of wasps had either chosen each other as partners (chosen) or interacted but not chosen each other as partners (assigned). Choosing social partners had strong effects on social behavior and success. Wasps in chosen groups formed longer lasting social relationships and built more productive nests than wasps in assigned groups. Our results suggest that active choice of social partners plays an important role in the formation and success of cooperative relationships. |
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| 2:15 |
Zuleyma: Scientist, Feminist, Activist and Friend
Jan Randall
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Diet as a potential mechanism for natal habitat preference induction
Karen Mabry1, Madeline Strom1 et al.(1) New Mexico State University
Diet as a potential mechanism for natal habitat preference inductionKaren Mabry1, Madeline Strom1 et al.(1) New Mexico State UniversityIndividual dietary preferences can be shaped by early experiences in the natal environment and may even influence where an animal settles as an adult. Examining animals’ diets can also shed light on how they coexist with competitors. Here we use metabarcoding of faecal samples to investigate the influence of habitat type on diet composition in co-occurring brush mice, Peromyscus boylii, and pinyon mice, P. truei. Previous research indicates that habitat selection behavior by brush mice is consistent with natal habitat preference induction (NHPI), with juvenile dispersers choosing to settle in natal-type habitat; however, potential mechanisms underlying NHPI have thus far been unclear. We found that for brush mice, diet composition differed between habitat types, suggesting food preferences as a possible driver of NHPI. We also found evidence of dietary niche partitioning between species within a habitat type. |
Influence of entrance on pollen patterns within the honey bee nest.
P Prathibha1(1) Auburn University
Influence of entrance on pollen patterns within the honey bee nest.P Prathibha1(1) Auburn UniversityEntrance is a physical gateway between western honey bee nests (Apis mellifera) and the outside environment and influences nest characteristics (e.g., dance floor). However, the role of entrance in nest organization is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of entrance on pollen patterns in the nest. We established eight colonies into nests with modified entrances that directed pollen foragers to walk onto the comb closest to the entrance. We mapped these nests 3 weeks after installation and found a pollen-dominant signal near entrance (92.9±3.3% of total pollen). In half of these colonies, we maintained the comb order, and the pollen signal persisted for two more weeks (91.6±1.6% of total pollen near entrance; n=3). However, in colonies where we changed the relative location of combs from the entrance, the pollen-dominant signal disappeared in two weeks (90.5±5.7% to 20.1±9.6%; n=5). Finally, we showed that entrance had no effect on pollen patterns if it did not direct pollen foragers to walk onto a specific comb (9 colonies). Combined, we suggest that entrance influence pollen patterns in 3-dimensional nests only if it biases access to specific combs in the nest. |
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| 2:30 |
Ripple effects: Dr. Zuleyma Tang-Martinez's legacy of support and amplification of Latin American Science in Animal Behavior
Alex Trillo
Ripple effects: Dr. Zuleyma Tang-Martinez's legacy of support and amplification of Latin American Science in Animal BehaviorAlex TrilloOver Zuleyma Tang-Martínez's many years of involvement with the Animal Behavior Society and the broader field of animal behavior, she has created a significant number of initiatives to support and amplify animal behavior research carried out in Latin America and/or by Latin American scientists — among them mentorship programs, travel awards, and international partnerships. This sustained and dedicated support has shaped the careers of many scientists and played a pivotal role in incorporating Latin American science into the Animal Behavior Society and beyond. In this talk, we highlight examples of the research and supportive programs that emerged from Zuleyma's decades of work creating, developing, and implementing these initiatives. We include direct examples, created through her research and involvement with graduate students, as well as programming developed during her long-standing involvement with the Animal Behavior Society. We pay special attention to the ripple effects that these initiatives and Zuleyma's example as a mentor and role model have sparked — both for Latin American researchers working in the US and for those based in Latin America. |
The influence of diet on signal reliability in a weapon-bearing insect
Janice L. Yan1, Christina M. Salerno1, Noraly M.M.E. van Meer1, Christine W. Miller2 et al.(1) University of Florida; (2) University of Cambridge
The influence of diet on signal reliability in a weapon-bearing insectJanice L. Yan1, Christina M. Salerno1, Noraly M.M.E. van Meer1, Christine W. Miller2 et al.(1) University of Florida; (2) University of CambridgeAnimal weapons often serve as signals, allowing individuals to convey information about their status, condition, or aggressive intent to rivals, but the extent to which animal signals convey reliable information remains an open question. In the leaf-footed cactus bug (Narnia femorata), variation in diet can alter the structural integrity and strength of their enlarged, spiny hind limb weapons, seemingly without compromising their external appearance. Therefore, variation in diet quality may generate unreliable signals. We thus reared male leaf-footed cactus bugs on low- or high-quality diets to assess their behaviour in contests against standardize intruders. Compared to high-quality diet males, poor-quality diet males were more aggressive and signalled more. Surprisingly, low-quality diet males were also more likely to achieve dominance compared to high-quality diet males. Thus, individuals with low-quality weapons may bluff their way to victory by adjusting their contest behaviour to include more signals. Our findings highlight how nutritional stress, which is relevant to most species, can play a major role in signal honesty, fighting strategies, and contest outcomes. |
Linking Social Structure to Social Learning in Discoid Cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis)
Grace Weyman-Heller1,2, Donasja Dubose1,2, Bruce Rawlings3, Gill Vale4, Cristine Legare5, Marie Monfils5, Darby Proctor6, Sarah F. Brosnan1,2,7,8 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Georgia State University; (2) Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (3) Durham University; (4) Chicago; (5) University of Texas at Austin; (6) Florida Institute of Technology; (7) Center for Behavioral Neuroscience; (8) Department of Philosophy, Georgia State University
Linking Social Structure to Social Learning in Discoid Cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis)Grace Weyman-Heller1,2, Donasja Dubose1,2, Bruce Rawlings3, Gill Vale4, Cristine Legare5, Marie Monfils5, Darby Proctor6, Sarah F. Brosnan1,2,7,8 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Georgia State University; (2) Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (3) Durham University; (4) Chicago; (5) University of Texas at Austin; (6) Florida Institute of Technology; (7) Center for Behavioral Neuroscience; (8) Department of Philosophy, Georgia State UniversityUnderstanding when social learning emerges requires linking social structure with information transmission. We tested whether dyadic social relationships predict social learning in 19 discoid cockroaches (B. discoidalis), a gregarious but non-eusocial insect, using scan sampling and a dyadic Y-maze task under visual and olfactory conditions. We predicted higher composite sociality index (CSI) scores would correspond to increased matching within dyads. However, CSI values showed little variation, indicating homogeneous social structure. Accordingly, individuals did not match demonstrators more than chance, and match occurrence did not vary by dyad. One group showed above-chance performance in the visual condition (p=.041), but the effect was small and not explained by demonstrator sex or group. They did not match in the olfactory condition, nor did match rates differ between sensory modalities. This lack of social learning may indicate that homogeneous social structure limits opportunities for social learning in non-eusocial species, potentially due to limited social differentiation, or a lack of relevant cues in our design. Future work should increase task relevance or exposure. |
Conclusions and future directions
David Lahti
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| 2:45 |
Developing frameworks to understand nuisance rodent ecology
Danielle Lee
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Effects of temperature on cleaner goby interaction with clients
Lydia Wassink1, Kevin Wolfe2, Keanu Donoho2, Channing Livingston2, David Varley2 et al.(1) New College of Florida; (2) University of South Florida
Effects of temperature on cleaner goby interaction with clients Lydia Wassink1, Kevin Wolfe2, Keanu Donoho2, Channing Livingston2, David Varley2 et al.(1) New College of Florida; (2) University of South FloridaCleaner gobies (Elacatinus oceanops) engage in important mutualistic interactions with a wide range of reef fishes by removing ectoparasites. Cleaning services, however, are likely influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors experienced by cleaners. Specifically, reef fishes are increasingly subjected to elevated (high-stress) temperatures. In addition, cleaner gobies often reside within territories of aggressive dusky damselfish (Stegastes adustus), which may influence cleaner behavior and access to potential clients. This study examined how temperature influenced the relationship between dusky damselfish and cleaner gobies, and how this in turn impacted goby interaction with potential clients. Ten cleaner gobies were housed with dusky damselfish maintained at either moderate (26.6°C) or elevated (30°C) temperatures. Each goby was presented with 3D printed models of three common reef client species. Behavioral reactions of both dusky damselfish and cleaner gobies toward models was quantified. Results will yield insights into the complex dynamics of interspecies interactions in reef systems encountering changing temperatures. |
First experimental demonstration of reciprocity in food-sharing vampire bats
Gerald Carter1,2,3(1) Princeton University; (2) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
First experimental demonstration of reciprocity in food-sharing vampire batsGerald Carter1,2,3(1) Princeton University; (2) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteFor over 40 years, reciprocal regurgitated food sharing in vampire bats has been a textbook example of reciprocal cooperation. However, no experiment has yet demonstrated that food given is actually conditional on food received. Here, I report this measure of responsiveness during the first 7 months of relationship formation in an experimental colony of 32 female vampire bats, where at least 85% of pairs were unrelated and unfamiliar before the experiment. In 44 randomly targeted pairs (out of 496 pairs), I blocked reciprocation from bat A to bat B on 5 consecutive occasions over 3 months (by removing bat A during the one hour when bat B was in need of food). Then I tested bat B’s probability to feed bat A on 5 occasions over the next 4 months. A comparison of targeted and control pairs shows that the experimental manipulation clearly reduced the probability that bat B would feed A, from 10% to 2%. I discuss this effect size alongside other effects estimated from a Bayesian social relations model. The next step is to understand if and how responsiveness differs in more established relationships– that is, to compare the roles of partner choice and subtle partner switching. |
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| 3:00 |
Pollination in St. Louis: urban orchards, community science, and inspiration from Zuleyma
Aimee Dunlap
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Extreme Climate Conditions Disrupt Multimodal Sensory Behavior and Underlying Pathways
Emilia P. Martins1, Cristina Romero-Diaz2, Kimberly D. Lapidario1, Alyssa R. Ayan1, Caitlin R. Gabor3, Sean M. Snyder1, Teresa Nguyen1, Jasmine Norris1, Monserrat Suarez Rodriguez4, Emily C. Zemke1, Kinzie S. Mahlstede1, Alexander M. Farn1, Benjamin D. Harvey1, Piyumika S. Suriyampola1 et al.(1) Arizona State University; (2) Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; (3) Texas State University; (4) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Extreme Climate Conditions Disrupt Multimodal Sensory Behavior and Underlying PathwaysEmilia P. Martins1, Cristina Romero-Diaz2, Kimberly D. Lapidario1, Alyssa R. Ayan1, Caitlin R. Gabor3, Sean M. Snyder1, Teresa Nguyen1, Jasmine Norris1, Monserrat Suarez Rodriguez4, Emily C. Zemke1, Kinzie S. Mahlstede1, Alexander M. Farn1, Benjamin D. Harvey1, Piyumika S. Suriyampola1 et al.(1) Arizona State University; (2) Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; (3) Texas State University; (4) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoAnimals rely on sensory perception to cope with rapid climate change, yet these systems can themselves shift with environmental conditions. For example, female vision and male olfaction are more acute in some fish during breeding. We tested whether sensory modalities differ in vulnerability to climate stressors and whether stress or breeding‑like conditions buffer those effects. We pre-treated zebrafish with control, stress, or breeding cues, then exposed them to control or extreme‑climate conditions (heat, acidity, strong flow, and dim light). Extreme‑climate fish were less responsive to visual, chemical, and tactile cues and exhibited transcriptomic changes in associated pathways. They also displayed sensory compensation: approaching visual cues more and avoiding tactile ones. Stress‑pretreated fish excreted less 11‑KT and progesterone and reacted even less vigorously to sensory stimuli after climate exposure, whereas breeding cues produced no lasting hormonal or sensory shifts. Overall, sensory systems appear highly sensitive to climate extremes, revealing a key behavioural vulnerability that recent experience does not reliably mitigate. |
Incidental cooperation and social environment drive diverse male life histories
Antonio M. M. Rodrigues1, Rebecca M. Kilner2, Stephen C. Stearns3 et al.(1) Texas A&M University; (2) University of Cambridge; (3) Yale University
Incidental cooperation and social environment drive diverse male life historiesAntonio M. M. Rodrigues1, Rebecca M. Kilner2, Stephen C. Stearns3 et al.(1) Texas A&M University; (2) University of Cambridge; (3) Yale UniversityUnderstanding individual variation in life-history traits remains a central puzzle in evolutionary ecology. Classical models predict negative correlations between such traits, yet empirical studies increasingly show positive correlations and other unexpected patterns. We present a theoretical model showing that male-male interactions during fertilisation events generate incidental cooperation: investment in reproductive effort benefits rivals by boosting female fertility, altering life-history trade-offs and potentially producing positive correlations between traits across individuals. Males also reduce reproductive effort in socially adverse environments. Additionally, we show that dispersal mode and rival relatedness further modulate these dynamics. Our model can explain unusual life-history patterns observed across species, suggesting that integrating behavioral ecology into life-history theory provides a fruitful framework for understanding within-population diversity. |
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| 3:15 |
Historical contributions of Zuleyma Tang-Martinez to ABS – or, "you can’t say ABS without ZTM" Sue Margulis(1) Canisius University
Historical contributions of Zuleyma Tang-Martinez to ABS – or, "you can’t say ABS without ZTM" Sue Margulis(1) Canisius UniversityMembership in the Animal Behavior Society, and participation in the annual conference, is an important feature of many of our lives. Yet, few of us have the societal longevity and commitment that is exemplified by Zuleyma Tang-Marinez. This year marks Zuleyma’s 50th ABS meeting. Here, I will review some of the many contributions she has made to the Society. These range from serving on the Executive Committee multiple times, membership and foundational support of the Latin American Affairs Committee, and recipient of multiple society awards. A supportive mentor to graduate and undergraduate students, many ABS members are indebted to Zuleyma. More than anyone I know, she has worked to increase the visibility and voice of the Society via resolutions and actions that support diversity at all levels and demonstrate what it means to be an ABS member. Thank you, Zuleyma. |
A landscape approach for quantifying the ecological causes and consequences of Common Tern aggression
Kay Garlick-Ott1, 2, Justine A. Smith1, Donald E. Lyons2, 3, Gail Patricelli1, Elisha M. Hull1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis; (2) National Audubon Society Seabird Institute; (3) Oregon State University
A landscape approach for quantifying the ecological causes and consequences of Common Tern aggressionKay Garlick-Ott1, 2, Justine A. Smith1, Donald E. Lyons2, 3, Gail Patricelli1, Elisha M. Hull1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis; (2) National Audubon Society Seabird Institute; (3) Oregon State UniversityFor social animals, feedback between individual behavior and the emergent social environment it creates is an important yet often overlooked phenomenon. To address this, researchers must examine behavior across social and spatial scales. Here, we introduce a spatially explicit method for investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific aggression in Common Terns (Sterna hirundo), which use this behavior to maintain cohesion and guard resources at their breeding colonies. Our method combines continuous behavioral observation with kernel density estimation to create a smoothed aggression surface, or aggression landscape. We confirm the presence of an emergent social environment in which behaviors cluster at distances of up to four meters, quadruple the median nearest neighbor distance in the subcolony. Aggression exhibits a strong non-linear response to date, peaking early as chicks hatch and later when they fledge. Spatial patterns in aggression also vary over time, increasing on the subcolony outskirts during incubation and at the center when hatch begins. We conclude with recommendations for managing the social environment of threatened species, informed by our approach. |
End of Session
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3:30 PM – 4:00 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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4:00 PM – 5:30 PM
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Pavillion
Symposium: the Legacy and Impact of Zuleyma Tang-Martinez's 50 Years of Contributions to the Animal Behavior Society (2)
Chairs: Debbie Boege-Tobin, Danielle Lee, Beth Congdon |
Rookwood
Mathematical Modeling of Behavior
Chairs: Suyash Sawant, Casey Lambert |
Rosewood
Behavior in Education
Chairs: Clara L. Voorhees |
Salon F & G
Communication Systems
Chairs: Jessie C. Tanner, Valentina Lopez Velasco |
Salon H & I
Aggression, Fear, and Pain
Chairs: Ummat Somjee, Beryl Jones |
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| 4:00 |
Musings on a Life in Science: Nature of Scientific Knowledge; Questioning Paradigms; Benefit of DEI
Zuleyma Tang-Martinez1(1) University of Missouri - St. Louis
Musings on a Life in Science: Nature of Scientific Knowledge; Questioning Paradigms; Benefit of DEIZuleyma Tang-Martinez1(1) University of Missouri - St. LouisIn my almost 60 years of studying animal behavior and other related scientific disciplines, I have developed interests and perspectives about the practice of science and what, in my opinion, leads to good science. Due to my interest in history and philosophy, I have been fascinated by the origin and development of scientific ideas, hypotheses, and theories – and the nature of scientific knowledge, as well as what is needed for the betterment of science. I see scientific knowledge about animal behavior (and biology, more generally), as not only complex and characterized by extreme diversity, but also as plastic and mutable, evolving as new information is uncovered. Consequently, the persistent challenging of received knowledge (i.e., scientific paradigms or dogmas) is an essential component of science, as without such re-assessments science would ossify. Likewise, representation in science by members of marginalized and/or underrepresented populations is critical because of the different viewpoints, insights, and questions they may bring to science. Throughout my presentation, I will illustrate with brief examples how these themes affected my own research and career. |
Data processing decisions affect detection of individual variation in parrot calls
Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3, Brittany A. Coppinger1,3, Madison Honore2, Elizabeth A. Hobson4 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (4) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati
Data processing decisions affect detection of individual variation in parrot callsGrace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3, Brittany A. Coppinger1,3, Madison Honore2, Elizabeth A. Hobson4 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (4) Department of Biological Sciences, University of CincinnatiVocal learning species can use vocalizations to transmit identity information. The ways vocal identity information is encoded can provide insight into the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape communication systems. However, whether identity information can be computationally detected may vary across data processing decisions. It is critical to address how such decisions affect identity information detection. We individually recorded captive feral-caught monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) to obtain contact calls. We manually selected calls recorded from 44 birds and applied a computational pipeline to test how two data processing decisions impacted our detection of individual vocal information. First, we assessed the impact of quantitative categorizations of contact calls and structurally dissimilar calls. Second, we assessed how approaches to evenly sample contact calls across individuals impacted comparisons of vocal variation and consistency. Our results suggest that findings of individual vocal variation and consistency can be both sensitive and robust to data processing decisions, providing important considerations for future studies on vocal information encoding. |
Write It to Win It: How Handwritten Notes and Second Chances Improve Success in Introductory Biology
Clara/L Voorhees1(1) D'Youville University
Write It to Win It: How Handwritten Notes and Second Chances Improve Success in Introductory BiologyClara/L Voorhees1(1) D'Youville UniversityHigh C-DFW rates in introductory STEM courses remain a barrier to student persistence.During Fall 2025,two Title III-supported interventions were implemented to improve academic performance and retention: structured handwritten pre-class lecture notes and mastery-based quiz retakes.Students earned extra credit for submitting detailed handwritten notes on assigned video lectures before class.Students completing notes performed significantly better than non-participants on quizzes and final course grades.Frequency of submission did not significantly affect quiz averages;students completing notes at any level outperformed peers who did not participate.A second intervention allowed students scoring < 82% on quizzes to complete a structured metacognitive assignment before qualifying for a capped retake.Significant improvement occurred between first and second attempts.Course-level outcomes improved substantially:combined C-DFW rates decreased from Fall 2024-Fall 2025,and progression from BIO 101 to BIO 102 increased.These findings suggest structured preparation and reflective mastery-based reassessment improve student performance and may enhance retention in gateway biology courses. |
Drivers of Choice Overload in Gray Treefrogs
Jessie C. Tanner1, 2, 3, Trina L. Chou1, 3, Claire T. Hemingway1, 2, 3, 4 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (3) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Drivers of Choice Overload in Gray TreefrogsJessie C. Tanner1, 2, 3, Trina L. Chou1, 3, Claire T. Hemingway1, 2, 3, 4 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (3) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteChoice overload, in which individuals exceed their cognitive limits when faced with too many choices, is measured by its symptoms: changes in option selection, deferring decisions; and longer decision times. Choice overload has mainly been studied in humans, but non-humans make important decisions with consequences for their individual fitness. Here, we tested whether three known drivers of choice overload in humans – decision task difficulty, preference uncertainty, and assortment complexity – drive choice overload in a large sample (n = 259) of diploid gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) during mate choice. We exploited well-known preferences for longer and faster advertisement calls to measure changes in decision making due to choice overload. Individuals experienced choice overload as the number of options increased from 2 to 4 and 8. Choice overload was mitigated when alternative options differed in two dimensions, but worsened when attractive call properties were not available in the same individual male. Two aspects of assortment complexity, assortment quality and similarity of options, also worsened choice overload. Choice overload may limit mate choice in natural contexts. |
Linking weapon quality and consistent individual differences in aggression in a weapon-bearing insect
Christina M. Salerno1, Janice L. Yan1, Noraly M.M.E. van Meer1, Phil G. Hahn1, Christine W. Miller2 et al.(1) Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida; (2) Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
Linking weapon quality and consistent individual differences in aggression in a weapon-bearing insect Christina M. Salerno1, Janice L. Yan1, Noraly M.M.E. van Meer1, Phil G. Hahn1, Christine W. Miller2 et al.(1) Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida; (2) Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeAggression is widespread in animals and often occurs among conspecifics competing for resources. Although aggression strongly influences fitness, it varies among individuals as consistent individual differences (CID). CID is shaped by many contexts, including social interactions (e.g., opponent behavior) and resource holding potential (RHP, e.g., energy or physical traits). These contexts influence fitness independently and jointly, though few studies integrate them to understand the costs of CID. Here we reared the leaf-footed cactus bug on different diets to vary RHP and track its influence on CID in aggression in dyadic contests. We examined two parts of aggression: initiation and intensity. Individuals differed consistently in initiating aggression, with 78% of variation explained by the individual. Males with bigger weapons were less likely to initiate. During a fight, opponent identity mattered more in predicting intensity. Weapon mass did not affect intensity, but low-quality diets reduced aggression by 25%. Overall, individuals show stable aggression strategies, while social context and condition shape their expression across contest stages. |
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Hearing Through the Habitat: Predicting Functional Communication Range in Parids
Suyash Sawant1,2, Todd M. Freeberg3,4, Jeff Lucas5, Kathryn E. Sieving1 et al.(1) 1. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; (2) 2. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida; (3) 3. Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (4) 4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (5) 5. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University
Hearing Through the Habitat: Predicting Functional Communication Range in ParidsSuyash Sawant1,2, Todd M. Freeberg3,4, Jeff Lucas5, Kathryn E. Sieving1 et al.(1) 1. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; (2) 2. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida; (3) 3. Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (4) 4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (5) 5. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityAnimal acoustic communication depends on signal structure, behavioral context, and the physics of sound propagation. As signals travel, attenuation and degradation reshape the information available to receivers. Despite this, studies rarely integrate propagation physics with behavioral function, limiting our ability to predict effective communication across contexts.We combined field attenuation experiments with a mechanistic propagation model to link sound physics to communication distance. Using Tufted Titmouse and Carolina Chickadee calls, we quantified how signal-to-noise ratio declines with distance and how frequency-specific information degrades across habitats. We then modeled geometric spreading, atmospheric absorption, vegetation-mediated attenuation, ambient noise, and source amplitude. Our model predicts communication ranges that differ across vocalization types and align with their behavioral functions (e.g., contact vs. alarm). Frequency-dependent attenuation leads to a systematic loss of spectral information. This framework links physics to behavioral ecology and provides a general approach to predict functional communication ranges across species and soundscapes. |
Ethical scicomm in today's world: training for animal behavior students and instructors
Kailey Hicks1, Bethann Garramon-Merkle2, Rebecca Swenson3, Meena Balgopal4, Virginia Schutte5, Dale Broder6, Robin Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of Denver; (2) University of Wyoming; (3) University of Minnesota; (4) Colorado State University; (5) Virginia Schutte Consulting; (6) American University
Ethical scicomm in today's world: training for animal behavior students and instructorsKailey Hicks1, Bethann Garramon-Merkle2, Rebecca Swenson3, Meena Balgopal4, Virginia Schutte5, Dale Broder6, Robin Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of Denver; (2) University of Wyoming; (3) University of Minnesota; (4) Colorado State University; (5) Virginia Schutte Consulting; (6) American UniversityWhile communication is critical in every career path, most scientists leave graduate school feeling unprepared to share their work broadly. Our preliminary data suggests that science communication training in Ecology, Evolution, Behavior & Conservation (EEBC) is too narrow, focusing on communication with subject experts to the exclusion of communication with non-specialist audiences (scicomm). Instructors also report barriers to offering scicomm training, including a lack of professional community, a lack of time and resources, and little institutional support. We gathered a team of experts to develop a robust scicomm training framework. In this talk, we will poll attendees on their experience with scicomm training and priorities for scicomm instruction. We will introduce six principles of ‘ethical scicomm’ that build on existing frameworks like inclusive scicomm and coproduction. We then describe our test of three scicomm interventions in graduate-level EEBC disciplinary and scicomm courses and offer instructors a chance to connect with our community of practice and collaborate to determine how best to equip the next generation of EEBC students and instructors. |
Cues in the mist: scent-marking behavior in Andean bears and temporal overlap with free-ranging dogs
Valentina Lopez Velasco1, Juan Cepeda Duque2, Carlos Aguelo Henao3, Jorge Astwood Romero4, Edwin Valencia5, Rosalino Ortiz5, Daniel Rodríguez6 et al.(1) Reserva: The Youth Land Trust; (2) Tiger Cats Conservation Initiative; (3) Universidad del Quindio; (4) Universidad de Los Llanos; (5) Corporación Mashiramo; (6) Fundacion Wii
Cues in the mist: scent-marking behavior in Andean bears and temporal overlap with free-ranging dogsValentina Lopez Velasco1, Juan Cepeda Duque2, Carlos Aguelo Henao3, Jorge Astwood Romero4, Edwin Valencia5, Rosalino Ortiz5, Daniel Rodríguez6 et al.(1) Reserva: The Youth Land Trust; (2) Tiger Cats Conservation Initiative; (3) Universidad del Quindio; (4) Universidad de Los Llanos; (5) Corporación Mashiramo; (6) Fundacion WiiScent-marking plays a key role in animal fitness, particularly in solitary species such as the Andean bear, where it mediates communication and social interactions. However, studies on scent-marking behavior and the impact of free-ranging dogs remain limited. This study characterizes scent-marking behavior in Andean bears and evaluates temporal overlap with free-ranging dogs in a biological corridor linking the Andes and Amazon. Data were collected using camera traps at 10 rub trees in the Guácharos-Puracé corridor, Colombia from April 2023 - April 2024. Behavioral transitions were analyzed using finite Markov chains, and time budgets were compared by age and sex. Temporal overlap was assessed across rainfall seasons. Results revealed intersexual differences, with adult males investing more time in marking than females and subadults, particularly during the dry season. Both species were predominantly diurnal and showed high temporal overlap (77% dry season, 75% overall, 69% wet season), suggesting increased potential for interactions affecting communication and disease transmission. These findings highlight the need to assess the impact of free-ranging dogs on Andean bear behavior. |
Anti-predator behavior in a group of flag-waving bugs
Ummat Somjee1, 2, Juliette Rubin4, Michael J. Ryan3, Justin Havird3 et al.(1) Nomis Foundation; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (3) University of Texas at Austin; (4) Texas Tech University
Anti-predator behavior in a group of flag-waving bugsUmmat Somjee1, 2, Juliette Rubin4, Michael J. Ryan3, Justin Havird3 et al.(1) Nomis Foundation; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (3) University of Texas at Austin; (4) Texas Tech UniversityElaborate antipredator traits often evolve as signals directed toward multiple predator types. These elaborations can be paired with complex gestures that act redundantly or target different predator sensory systems, forming layered defenses. Yet, the context-dependent deployment of such signals remains poorly understood, particularly in non-model insect groups. Here, we investigate the role of the highly elaborate hind-leg “flags” of the matador bug (Bitta alipes, Hemiptera: Coreidae). These insects perform conspicuous flag-waving displays, yet the function of these striking traits has received little empirical attention. We perform experiments with bird and arthropod predators and uncover complex antipredator strategies. We find no evidence for social or sexual signaling with flags, but show that these traits function as effective signals against multiple predator types. Chemical assays reveal cyanide assimilation, consistent with an aposematic function. Together, our results suggest matador bugs selectively deploy conspicuous displays based on predator identity, highlighting how elaborate traits in a non-model insect functions within layered, predator-specific signaling systems. |
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Panel Discussion
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Understanding factors advancing breeding phenology in urban birds
Carolina L Villalona1, Mikus Abolins-Abols1 et al.(1) University of Louisville
Understanding factors advancing breeding phenology in urban birdsCarolina L Villalona1, Mikus Abolins-Abols1 et al.(1) University of LouisvilleBreeding timing in seasonally breeding vertebrates depends on primary and secondary environmental cues to initiate the hormonal cascades that drive reproductive physiology and behavior. In many diurnal birds, daylength serves as the primary cue, while temperature and food availability are supplemental cues. In our nest initiation survey of American Robins (Turdus migratorious), we found that the first nest in urban areas came on average 3 weeks earlier than the first nest in rural areas. Artificial light at night (ALAN), even at very low intensities, can advance reproductive physiology by up to a month in closely related European Blackbirds. However, the predictive importance of ALAN relative to other environmental variables that serve as supplemental cues is not well understood. Using GIS data, I will quantify ALAN, land surface temperature, vegetation cover, and number of consecutive days above 0°C in spring of 2025 and 2026. Combined with survey data from the past two years I will use model comparison approaches to estimate the relative importance of these variables on nest initiation date. |
Using Bias as a Catalyst for Connection: How to Unite Science, Subject, and Story Using a Spider Centric Lens
Trinity Walls1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California Berkeley
Using Bias as a Catalyst for Connection: How to Unite Science, Subject, and Story Using a Spider Centric LensTrinity Walls1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California BerkeleyThe prevailing dogma in science is that objectivity is essential. We are trained to adopt a “facts speak for themselves” approach when relaying scientific findings regardless of the background, biases, or values of the audience. However, such tactics can alienate viewers, obstruct understanding, and prevent personal connections (which often have longer lasting impacts) from forming. The subjects under study also provide another area for disengagement, particularly when the subjects are stigmatized. Arachnids are one such group that is considered undesirable, insignificant (yet dangerous), and their protection deemed ethically negligible. This presentation walks through an audience-first engagement approach using the lens of spider research. By including the audience in the conversation and highlighting experiences and cultural differences that shape our views, we can use audience generated input to shape the narrative and provide paths to better scientific engagement and literacy as well as an appreciation for biodiversity. This allows speakers to present science in an accessible and engaging format that highlights both the message and the audience experience. |
Rapid Darkening by “Client” Fish Increases the Responsiveness of Cleaner Shrimp
Darcy G. Chang1, Alex Karnish1, Stephen G. Ratchford2, Eleanor M. Caves1 et al.(1) Brown University; (2) University of the Virgin Islands
Rapid Darkening by “Client” Fish Increases the Responsiveness of Cleaner ShrimpDarcy G. Chang1, Alex Karnish1, Stephen G. Ratchford2, Eleanor M. Caves1 et al.(1) Brown University; (2) University of the Virgin IslandsMutualistic partners often exchange signals to decide when, how, and with whom to cooperate. For example, signals mediate marine cleaning interactions, in which cleaners remove and eat ectoparasites from reef fish. In addition to several established cleaner signals, “client” fish will often adopt a darker coloration within seconds of arriving at a cleaning station. It is unclear if and how client darkening affects subsequent cleaning, e.g., as a signal of willingness to cooperate with cleaners. Here, we show that client darkening in situ at cleaning stations of the shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni in the Virgin Islands correlated with more frequent cleaning and longer cleaning durations. To study the mechanism of this effect, we simulated client darkening in the lab using captive shrimp and found that client model darkness during the interaction, rather than the change itself, increased cleaner responsiveness. Individual shrimp also responded more repeatably to dark models than light models, suggesting that cleaner identity may affect the signal function of client darkening. Ultimately, our work lends insight into how reciprocal signaling maintains an ecologically-important mutualism. |
Female-female aggression benefits nestlings during the incubation stage in Northern House Wrens
Cara A. Krieg1(1) The University of Scranton
Female-female aggression benefits nestlings during the incubation stage in Northern House WrensCara A. Krieg1(1) The University of ScrantonAggressive intrasexual competition influences reproductive success in both sexes. Costs and benefits across reproductive stages will ultimately shape how this behavior evolves, but these are poorly understood for many female animals. Female Northern House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) who are more aggressive towards female intruders have heavier offspring. However, the mechanism behind this pattern is unclear. To determine if this effect occurs prior to egg laying, during incubation, or after nestlings hatch, I swapped eggs between nests as they were laid and swapped nestlings again after they hatched. For nests where the genetic, incubating, and social mother were all different, only the incubating female’s aggression score related to nestling size. Nestlings incubated by more aggressive females were larger at multiple points during development. Results from nests swapped only as eggs or nestlings suggest that this beneficial incubation effect may be offset by neutral relationships or costs incurred during other stages. Contrasts with other species highlight the importance of species ecology, life history, and mechanism to understanding how female-female aggression evolves. |
| 4:45 |
Social Uncertainty Influences the Balance of Quantity and Quality of Cooperative Relationships
C Raven A Hartman1, Angeles Salles1, Gerald G Carter2,3,4 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago; (2) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University; (3) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Social Uncertainty Influences the Balance of Quantity and Quality of Cooperative RelationshipsC Raven A Hartman1, Angeles Salles1, Gerald G Carter2,3,4 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago; (2) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University; (3) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteMany animals develop and maintain affiliative social relationships, which can improve fitness but requires significant investment. How should individuals allocate investment towards building new relationships (“diversifying”) versus maintaining existing ones (“focusing”)? The social bet-hedging hypothesis states that conditions of greater social certainty (more reliable partner availability) favour greater focusing, whereas conditions of social uncertainty favour diversifying. Here, we used an agent-based model to test the relative reproductive success of different “social-networking strategies” in vampire bats under conditions of greater or lower social uncertainty. To manipulate social uncertainty, we manipulated roost-switching rates, foraging success rates, and predation rates across simulations with realistic patterns of foraging, social behavior, ageing, reproduction, and death. We show that greater social uncertainty favors comparatively greater investment in relationship quantity, rather than quality. Balancing the benefits of focusing and diversifying attention across social partners may be an important yet underappreciated factor explaining social network structure. |
RAGs to Riches(?): Using AI Research Assistants to Generate Ethograms
Peter E Midford1, Anne B Clark2 et al.(1) SRI International (retired); (2) Binghamton University
RAGs to Riches(?): Using AI Research Assistants to Generate EthogramsPeter E Midford1, Anne B Clark2 et al.(1) SRI International (retired); (2) Binghamton UniversityEthograms underpin many behavior studies ranging from simple observation to evolutionary or conservation questions, but assembling ethograms from existing literature can be a challenge. Many species have few or no published ethograms. AI’s search & synthesize capabilities should excel in finding defined behaviors within publications and constructing ethograms de novo. We tested the abilities of large language models (LLMs) and Retrieval Assisted Generation systems (RAGs) to construct and compare ethograms for species of ground-dwelling spiders and passerine birds. Both quantitative and qualitative results show real tradeoffs: LLMs use more sources (e.g., books), ignore copyrights and often misreport or hide sources; RAGs draw on recent, OA papers, report sources, but miss key older literature and anything outside of journals. Considering the broader, but untrustworthy sourcing of LLMs and the limited sources used by RAGs, we find neither suitable to the task of generating complete ethograms. |
Reversible plasticity in the communication system of the cricket Gryllus rubens.
Oliver Beckers1(1) Murray State University
Reversible plasticity in the communication system of the cricket Gryllus rubens.Oliver Beckers1(1) Murray State UniversityIn communication, signals and preferences have to match for the system to function and the population to reproduce. This tight relationship raises the question how communication systems can vary without disrupting the match. The cricket Gryllus rubens displays phenotypic plasticity in calls and preferences in response to the different temperatures experienced in the spring and fall. Here, I tested if the induced changes in male and female behaviors were permanent or reversible by changing the adult rearing temperature over an intermediate time frame (7 days) between 24ºC and 31ºC and vice versa. The pulse rate, the most important call character for female preferences, increased significantly after switching the temperature of males from 24ºC to 31ºC and decreased when switching it from 31ºC to 24ºC. Female preferences changed in parallel with the male signals after switching the temperature in either direction. This parallel plasticity keeps the communication system functional even if temperatures change during the breeding season and highlights how variation in communication systems can be introduced without breaking the tight match between signals and preferences. |
Do shrimp feel pain? Behavioral and neurochemical evidence for nociceptive integration
Jesi Gibbs1, Melissa Hughes1, Michael Ruscio1 et al.(1) College of Charleston
Do shrimp feel pain? Behavioral and neurochemical evidence for nociceptive integrationJesi Gibbs1, Melissa Hughes1, Michael Ruscio1 et al.(1) College of CharlestonPain research helps us determine which species warrant welfare protections. Although shrimp are heavily exploited for food and research, little work has been done to assess whether they may experience pain, and few jurisdictions consider their welfare. Nociception is the sensory capacity to respond to harmful stimuli reflexively, which may be accompanied by a centrally processed negative feeling, which we call pain. Evidence of nociceptive integration rules out reflex-only interpretations and supports the hypothesis of pain occurrence. We conducted novel behavioral and neurochemical assays to determine whether nociceptive integration occurs in a shrimp species. Subjects learned to avoid a previously preferred dark chamber when it was associated with nociceptive heat. Additionally, heat-treated subjects showed increased expression of a pain-associated biomarker in brain regions associated with learning, memory, and sensory integration, but not in a region putatively unrelated to pain processing. These findings support the hypothesis of nociceptive integration in shrimp. The welfare of shrimp should therefore be considered in their use as research subjects and commercial resources. |
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Sub-communities increase the social efficiency of collective fanning in the European honeybee (Apis mellifera)
Casey E. Lambert1, Jordan Dubeck1, Zachary P. Nelson1, Chelsea N. Cook1 et al.(1) Marquette University
Sub-communities increase the social efficiency of collective fanning in the European honeybee (Apis mellifera)Casey E. Lambert1, Jordan Dubeck1, Zachary P. Nelson1, Chelsea N. Cook1 et al.(1) Marquette UniversityCollective behavior increases a species’ ability to respond to and buffer against a changing environment. In social groups, communication is critical, as information transfer enables rapid, coordinated actions that exceed individual ability. In the European honeybee (Apis mellifera), interaction is essential for coordinating tasks, particularly thermoregulatory fanning. Collective fanning maintains a stable internal colony temperature necessary for brood development. To understand how the social environment impacts fanning outcomes, we analyzed interaction dynamics under increasing temperatures across varying group sizes. Using social network analysis, we determined that network structure changes with group size. As community size increases, honeybees are more likely to split into smaller sub-communities. Additionally, dividing into sub-communities greatly increases the efficiency of information transfer and behavior coordination. This research underscores the importance of social structure in shaping collective behavior and provides insight into how eusocial insects use dynamic behavioral strategies in responding to environmental change. |
Vocal performance and the social function of complex song in the Bachman's sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis)
Hans Gonzembach1, Rindy Anderson1 et al.(1) Florida Atlantic University
Vocal performance and the social function of complex song in the Bachman's sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis)Hans Gonzembach1, Rindy Anderson1 et al.(1) Florida Atlantic UniversityIn songbirds, males produce broadcast songs that signal male quality or aggression during territorial interactions. Some species also produce acoustically distinct songs, yet the factors shaping these signals remain poorly understood. We investigated the vocal performance and function of an understudied song category, complex song, in Bachman’s sparrows to test whether it reflects male quality and functions in intraspecific competition. We examined whether complex songs contain physiologically demanding acoustic features and whether they are associated with morphology and ornamentation. We captured males, recorded complex songs, measured morphology, quantified ornamentation, and quantified vocal performance. Males with larger skeletal size but lower body mass and pectoral muscle mass produced higher-performance songs. Males with more pronounced wing epaulet coloration also exhibited higher performance. Using simulated territorial intrusions, males responded more strongly to complex songs, showing higher aggression, closer approach distances, and increased whisper song rates. These findings suggest complex song encodes male quality and functions as an agonistic signal. |
The Effects of Posterior Manipulation on Fear in Canis Familiaris.
Kerry S. Kleyman1(1) Metropolitan State University
The Effects of Posterior Manipulation on Fear in Canis Familiaris. Kerry S. Kleyman1(1) Metropolitan State UniversityThe current study investigates embodied cognition on fear-response through posterior manipulation. Embodied cognition was first described as the connection between biological bodies and real-world environment (Clark, 1998), but more specifically, cognition is situated in the environment and involves perception and action (Wilson, 2002). Many studies have demonstrated that animal posture has an impact on behavior, social cues, and task choices (Kaminki, et al., 2004; Liebal, et al., 2004; Proops, et al., 2010), but none have focused on posterior manipulation to alter the valence towards an object. It was hypothesized that confident posterior manipulation will show less fear. The current study had 20 shy/timid dogs. Dogs went through two trials of approaching a novel object after being in the control or the experimental condition (lifting the tucked tail). Data collected represented distance, behaviors, timing and treat taking from coders. We found that when dogs were placed in a more confident postural position, they showed less fear-based behaviors. Overall, this suggests that manipulating the body to confident positions in new situations may be a useful tool for helping dogs. |
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Group Dynamics of V-shaped Geese Flocks
Louis von Leitner1, 2(1) Georg-August Universität Göttingen; (2) Tohoku University
Group Dynamics of V-shaped Geese FlocksLouis von Leitner1, 2(1) Georg-August Universität Göttingen; (2) Tohoku UniversityV-shaped flock formations are observed across many species of migrating birds. Research suggests that birds take advantage of vortices and other upwinds created by front neighbors to increase efficiency. This research analyzes positional data in airborne flocks of white-fronted geese, captured with cameras and extracted with computer vision techniques. For the analysis, we create and suggest a novel metric to measure disorder in V-shaped bird flocks. Data analysis with this and other common metrics finds strong positive correlation between flock size and disorder. To understand why, we analyze relations between goose movement and flock size, position in the flock, as well as front neighbor's movements, using various machine learning techniques. We find that geese statistically behave similarly in flocks of all sizes and all positions within a flock. More specifically, the results suggest that geese take flight decisions based on the next four front neighbors and have a reaction time to that movement of about one wing flap iteration. These results allow for comparisons with group dynamics in other animals and applications in technology, such as speed control systems in cars. |
Listening for Risk and Opportunity: Social Acoustic Signals and Feeder Foraging in a Bird Community
Po-An Chen1, Kathryn E. Sieving1 et al.(1) University of Florida
Listening for Risk and Opportunity: Social Acoustic Signals and Feeder Foraging in a Bird CommunityPo-An Chen1, Kathryn E. Sieving1 et al.(1) University of FloridaAnimals often rely on social information to assess their environment, particularly in groups where information can be shared across species. In the eastern United States, sentinel species such as the Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) produce vocalizations that convey information about predation risk and foraging opportunities to both conspecifics and heterospecifics. While previous work has focused largely on antipredation contexts, less is known about how this acoustic information shapes behavior during routine foraging.We investigated how playbacks associated with different inforamtion (predator cues and titmouse signals of risk and safety) influence feeder-use behavior. We quantified foraging behaviors and examined variation across species, time of day, and local community contexts. Preliminary analyses suggest that feeder-use behavior varies across species, with responses to acoustic cues depending on social and temporal context. Ongoing analyses are refining the statistical framework used to evaluate these relationships. This work contributes to understanding how social information structures behavioral decisions and shapes interactions within ecological communities. |
Cooperation vs. Conflict: Effects of Social Context on Division of Labor in a Flexibly Social Bee
Beryl M Jones1, Savanna G Ploessl1, Elijah C Cardona1, Evelena G Cecil1 et al.(1) Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky
Cooperation vs. Conflict: Effects of Social Context on Division of Labor in a Flexibly Social BeeBeryl M Jones1, Savanna G Ploessl1, Elijah C Cardona1, Evelena G Cecil1 et al.(1) Department of Entomology, University of KentuckyBees are excellent models for studying social behavior, with over 20,000 species that vary tremendously in life history traits and include solitary, flexibly social and obligately social lineages. In addition, several species exhibit social plasticity within and between nests, including in some cases a flexible division of labor among females who all retain the ability to reproduce. Despite extensive interest in the evolution of social behavior in bees, the mechanisms by which groups of totipotent individuals in flexibly social species communicate and cooperate to form a division of labor are not well understood. Here, we used Raspberry Pi cameras to continuously record behavior in observation nests of Lasioglossum zephyrus, a sweat bee with morphologically indistinct queens and workers. We varied group size and familiarity of initial nest members to ask how social context influences the establishment and degree of cooperation. In addition to providing the first detailed records of nighttime behavior in L. zephyrus, our results show that both group size and familiarity have effects on the speed with which cooperation emerges and overall nest productivity. |
7:00 PM – 8:00 PM
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Pavillion
Plenary - Aimee Dunlap
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Reliability and change in the evolution of animal information use and in navigating a career with disability and chronic illness
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8:00 PM – 9:30 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Poster Session 1
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Metabolic differences in convict cichlid dominance hierarchies
Alex Q Kean1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State University
Metabolic differences in convict cichlid dominance hierarchiesAlex Q Kean1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State UniversityDominance hierarchies are used to control access to contested resources, with dominant individuals gaining priority access. The formation of dominance hierarchies is often size based, with larger individuals generally outcompeting smaller individuals. However, other factors can affect dominance, particularly differences in metabolic rate (i.e., SMR, MMR), as dominants often exhibit higher metabolic rates due to increased energetic demands. In this study, groups of nine same-size convict cichlids were tagged with subcutaneous elastomer to identify individual fish, then subdivided into groups of three fish. Each fish competed within four different subgroups to evaluate the repeatability of dominance, while dominant fish were identified by their higher food consumption and greater number of chases toward conspecifics during these group feeding trials. Each fish also underwent intermittent-flow respirometry before and after competing within each subgroup to evaluate the consistency of metabolic rate and its relationship to dominance status. Preliminary results show that the relationship between competitive dominance and metabolism tends to be complex and more variable than anticipated. |
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Personality of convict cichlids and competitive dominance.
Steven Kiracofe1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State University
Personality of convict cichlids and competitive dominance.Steven Kiracofe1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State UniversityMany animals use dominance hierarchies to control access to contested resources. Dominant individuals tend to gain priority access to resources, and to asymmetrically exhibit aggressive behaviors towards subordinates. The formation of dominance hierarchies is often size based, with larger individuals generally outcompeting smaller individuals. However, other factors can affect dominance, such as consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e., personality). In this project, groups of same-size convict cichlids (N=9 fish) competed within 4 different subgroups (N=3 fish), where they underwent group feeding trials to evaluate their competitive dominance. Dominant fish were identified by their higher food consumption and increased number of chases toward conspecifics. Fish were tagged with subcutaneous elastomer to identify individual fish, and underwent repeated personality tests before and after the group feeding trials to assess personality traits (activity, exploration, aggression, shyness/boldness). Preliminary results show that dominance rankings are somewhat consistent across groups, although the relationship between individual personality traits and dominance is variable. |
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Animals with Disabilities: Welfare and Enclosure Access in a Zoo-Housed Meerkat Mob
Alehna M. Crowe1(1) Lincoln Park Zoo
Animals with Disabilities: Welfare and Enclosure Access in a Zoo-Housed Meerkat MobAlehna M. Crowe1(1) Lincoln Park ZooDespite the considerable number of animals with disabilities housed in zoos worldwide, formal studies of the welfare of these animals in zoo-housed populations remain scarce. This study examined whether a forelimb amputation restricted space use in one individual of a four-member meerkat mob at Lincoln Park Zoo and whether any resulting barriers to access affected her activity budget relative to her conspecifics. Behavioral data were collected using the ZooMonitor application over 20 days. Recorded variables included interval behavior, height use, substrate use, and enclosure use. Results indicated that the amputee individual, Alanis, was observed only at ground level. No sentry behavior was recorded for Alanis, and she spent more time in a bipedal posture compared to her conspecifics. Physical barriers in the enclosure may restrict Alanis' space use and may preclude sentry behavior. As zoo care enhances and veterinary access expands, the proportion of animals with disabilities in zoos is likely to increase, necessitating the timely development of a robust literature on the welfare of animals with disabilities to ensure they, too, experience the highest standards of care. |
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Incognito Mode: The efficacy of camouflage netting covers to reduce fear in laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Evan Faulkner1, brian greco1 et al.(1) University of New England
Incognito Mode: The efficacy of camouflage netting covers to reduce fear in laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)Evan Faulkner1, brian greco1 et al.(1) University of New EnglandAlthough Zebrafish are one of the most commonly utilized animal models in biomedical sciences, research on their behavioral indicators of welfare is sparse. We investigated whether Zebrafish fear and comfort behaviors are enhanced when camouflage netting covers are placed over standard 2.8L laboratory tanks. We hypothesized that when tank covers are added to standard tanks, the fish will be more dispersed and display less darting behavior in response to the predator model. We conducted fear tests using a cardboard model of an Indian pond heron head to startle fish. For analysis, we used instantaneous scan sampling of videos, focusing on darting behavior and location preference/dispersion within the tank. Following data collection, we processed the data into heat maps, locational diversity indexes, and ratios for analysis. Initial analyses indicate that the covered fish are more evenly dispersed than control fish. Covered fish also appear to dart more, but settle faster than the control fish. |
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Plasticity of sexual roles under different competitive scenarios in houseflies
Fátima Gonzalez Garcia, Leila Almanza Vico, Manuelita Mendez, Maria Jose Albi et al.
Plasticity of sexual roles under different competitive scenarios in housefliesFátima Gonzalez Garcia, Leila Almanza Vico, Manuelita Mendez, Maria Jose Albi et al.Plasticity of sexual roles under different competitive scenarios in housefliesFátima González Garcia¹, Leila Almanza Vico¹,2, Manuelita Mendez¹,2, Maria J. Albo¹ 1Entomology Section, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2Program for the Development of Basic Sciences (PEDECIBA), Uruguay In several taxa, males respond to competition by increasing the number of matings and sperm transfer. Males mate competition has been usually described as the principal mechanism in which sexual selection acts. However, the traditional view of males competing for access to matings, and females choosing is nowadays controversial. Accumulated empirical data on different taxa shows that sexual roles can be modified, due to ecological and demographic factors, such as the operative sexual proportion (OSR). In this study, we investigated the role of sexual selection in females using the dipteran Musca domestica. We evaluated how different biases in the OSR can affect individuals mating success through two experimental groups (Female bias and Male bias) and a Control which had the same proportion of sexes. Our results showed that the probability of mating per experiment was similar between the Female and Male bias groups (30% and 31%, respectively) and both were significantly higher than the Control group (24%). In the Female bias group, each male accessed to 1.5 different females and mated on average 5 times, whereas in the Male Bias group each female accessed to slightly more partners (2 males and 7 matings). In the Control group each male and female accessed to 3 different mated pairs, and mated on average 14,5 times. These results show that mating probability increased in scenarios of either male or female mate competition, and shows that also females actively compete for males in M. domestica adding a new example that sexual selection operates in females too. Keywords: Competition, operative sexual proportion, sexual selection, mating behavior |
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Megabi: A New Application to Clean and Analyze ZooMonitor Raw Data
Megan Greenberg1,2, Gabi Farris1 et al.(1) Canisius University; (2) Buffalo Zoo
Megabi: A New Application to Clean and Analyze ZooMonitor Raw DataMegan Greenberg1,2, Gabi Farris1 et al.(1) Canisius University; (2) Buffalo ZooZooMonitor (ZM) is a widely used program in zoological facilities to collect behavioral data. While an incredibly helpful and user-friendly tool, the raw data can be unwieldy and confusing. With ZM’s increasing use, there has been a noticeable lack of tools created to support its raw data exports, often creating a bottleneck between data collection and actionable insights for animal welfare. Even at facilities with a larger behavioral staff or extensive research and data experience, users might spend hours cleaning and analyzing data- time that would be better spent on other tasks. Megabi seeks to fill this gap and provide a tool for ZM users that cleans and analyzes data accurately and efficiently. As a downloadable desktop application, Megabi is easy to use. Simply drag and drop your ZM raw data file, select the columns you are examining and comparing, and Megabi will do the rest; it cleans the data, produces an activity budget, statistically analyzes differences between conditions, and creates visualizations. We hope Megabi can be used to improve the efficiency of behavioral research, positively impacting the welfare of zoo-housed species everywhere. |
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Using Behavior to Guide Isoflurane Anesthesia across Sex and Life Stage in Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches
Charlie R. Schmidt1, Samuel O. Durosaro1, Meghan R. Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis
Using Behavior to Guide Isoflurane Anesthesia across Sex and Life Stage in Madagascar Hissing CockroachesCharlie R. Schmidt1, Samuel O. Durosaro1, Meghan R. Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University IndianapolisVeterinarians now recommend isoflurane as a more humane anesthetic for insects undergoing invasive procedures; however, few guidelines exist for isoflurane anesthesia with diverse insects. The Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) is frequently used in invasive procedures, including limb removal and electrode implantation, in research and pedagogical contexts. While prior studies have developed some guidance using continuous-flow anesthesia delivery systems, this method is impractical for many researchers and instructors with limited access to expensive equipment. Here, we develop a version of the drop method, used in rodent research when continuous-flow systems are unavailable, that is cost-effective and easy to implement. We tested adult and juvenile G. portentosa at isoflurane concentrations from 11.25 - 22.5%, using behavioral measures to assess knockdown and recovery time, potential stress on induction, and effective concentrations for reliable immobilization. Ultimately, we establish practical guidelines for isoflurane use with the drop method and describe standard behavioral measures of induction and recovery aimed at improving welfare for this species. |
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Bats in the City: How Anthropogenic Infrastructure Influences Echolocation and Species Abundance
Emily N Flores1, Vijayan Sundararaj1 et al.(1) Texas A&M International University
Bats in the City: How Anthropogenic Infrastructure Influences Echolocation and Species AbundanceEmily N Flores1, Vijayan Sundararaj1 et al.(1) Texas A&M International UniversityUrbanization and its associated built-up areas pose a unique challenge to bat navigation and echolocation by causing “acoustic clutter and mirrors”. Bats respond to the anthropogenic structures by producing higher frequency and shorter signals. Bioacoustics serves as a promising approach to understanding how bats adapt their echolocation to deal with complex structures. This study monitored bat echolocation at Texas A&M International University in Laredo, Texas. We investigated how anthropogenic structures influence bat echolocation behavior, focusing on frequency range and pulse rate, and assessed associated patterns of species abundance across two habitats. Four ultrasonic acoustic recording units were deployed to compare acoustic properties in open areas and built-up structures across the campus landscape. The findings reveal at least 8 species at each site and a preference for open spaces, where ultrasonic waves are easily transmitted. Additionally, frequency ranged from 20-40 kHz across all sites while pulse rate increased in a cluttered area, suggesting site-specific communication. These results suggest that bats modify echolocation behavior in response to urban structures. |
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Flock Around and Find Out! Investigating Avian Boldness and Neophobia on CSUDH Campus
Christian Pasos1, Karina Sanchez1 et al.(1) California State University Dominguez Hills
Flock Around and Find Out! Investigating Avian Boldness and Neophobia on CSUDH Campus Christian Pasos1, Karina Sanchez1 et al.(1) California State University Dominguez HillsAs urbanization reshapes natural habitats, wildlife must adapt to new stressors including noise pollution and habitat fragmentation. Behavioral flexibility - particularly boldness and neophobia, the tendency to avoid unfamiliar stimuli - may determine which species persist in human-dominated landscapes. This study investigates how common bird species at CSU Dominguez Hills respond to these pressures. Bird feeders were established at campus sites representing a gradient of habitat type and noise level. During trials, latency to return to a feeder was recorded in the presence and absence of a novel object. Preliminary data from 60 individuals - predominantly House Finches - revealed no significant difference between conditions (t = -0.55, p = 0.58), though ambient noise predicted the magnitude of individual responses (R² = 0.33, p = 0.031). These findings suggest noise may amplify neophobic responses even when novel object effects alone are non-significant. Data collection is ongoing through Spring 2026, with expansion to nearby nature reserves. This research contributes to the understanding of how urbanization alters avian behavior, which can help inform wildlife management. |
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Exploring the interactions between personality and spatial navigation in poison frogs
Tessa Becker1, Isabella Koelbel1, Olivia Feagles1, Yusan Yang1 et al.(1) University of South Florida
Exploring the interactions between personality and spatial navigation in poison frogsTessa Becker1, Isabella Koelbel1, Olivia Feagles1, Yusan Yang1 et al.(1) University of South FloridaAnimal personality, consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, contributes to both the ecological interactions on an individual level and the evolutionary processes of a population. In cases where individual personality traits correlate with one another, these suites of behaviors are known as behavioral syndromes, and implies that it may extend to encompass a broader suite of traits. Here, we explore the connections between personality, behavioral syndromes, ontogeny, and spatial navigation in Ranitomeya variabilis. They are a compelling model species because they transport their tadpoles from egg-laying sites to nurseries, inferring the need for enhanced navigation skills. We explore this relationship using a four-armed maze replicated over five trials and quantify the frogs’ personality (boldness, exploration, and activity) based on how they navigate the maze. For example, the latency to move (boldness), overall area explored (exploration), and amount of total movement (activity). Our study expands upon behavioral syndromes and personality axes to include other cognitive traits, offering insights on how different behavioral components can evolve together. |
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Characterizing Sex Differences in the Physical Territories of North American Red Squirrels
Margot Blanco1, Ben Carlson1, Rachel Schulz1, Andrew McAdam2, Stan Boutin3, Jeff Lane4, Lauren Petrullo5, April Martinig6, Ben Dantzer1 et al.(1) University of Michigan; (2) University of Colorado; (3) University of Alberta; (4) University of Saskatchewan; (5) University of Arizona; (6) University of Sherbrooke
Characterizing Sex Differences in the Physical Territories of North American Red SquirrelsMargot Blanco1, Ben Carlson1, Rachel Schulz1, Andrew McAdam2, Stan Boutin3, Jeff Lane4, Lauren Petrullo5, April Martinig6, Ben Dantzer1 et al.(1) University of Michigan; (2) University of Colorado; (3) University of Alberta; (4) University of Saskatchewan; (5) University of Arizona; (6) University of SherbrookeSpatial memory affects the ability of animals to locate the resources they need to survive and reproduce, and intraspecific differences in spatial memory can be influenced by characteristics such as sex and age. In animals that are territorial, individual differences in spatial memory could influence the physical characteristics of the territory. North American red squirrels defend exclusive territories centered around their midden (the storage site for the squirrel’s larder hoard of its main food source), with nests and additional scattered food caches also located in the territory. While all individuals need to remember the locations of their food caches, spatial memory needs may differ between males and females as males need to locate the territories of females in oestrus and females need to remember the location of the nest that holds their pups. We quantified several physical midden characteristics, including the number of nests and locations of cached food on and near the midden. In the same squirrels, we used the Y-maze to quantify spatial memory. We will present our findings about the differences between male and female middens and associations with Y-maze performance. |
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Tarantulas Can Use Black and White Cues in a Discrimination Learning Task
Jordan E Kolinski1, Becky L Hansis-O'Neill1, Aimee S Dunlap1 et al.(1) University of Missouri-St. Louis
Tarantulas Can Use Black and White Cues in a Discrimination Learning Task Jordan E Kolinski1, Becky L Hansis-O'Neill1, Aimee S Dunlap1 et al.(1) University of Missouri-St. LouisTarantulas can be colorful and have genes associated with color vision. However, there are no studies on color vision in this taxon. The purpose of this experiment was to pilot a new protocol for visual discrimination learning in Mexican red-knee tarantulas (Brachypelma hamorii) that could accommodate colors cues. We wanted to know if tarantulas could use visual cues to move away from a noxious stimulus - vibration. The test used a choice chamber with doors marked with black or white paper. Entering the correct door stopped the vibration. We quantified learning by measuring how many trials it took before the tarantulas could consistently pick the correct color on their first try. We found that the tarantulas learned the correct choice after 12-15 trials. Therefore, tarantulas can likely use black and white as discriminatory stimuli, but we are not sure if they can see chromatic colors. Future research will focus on testing discrimination learning using different colors. This new protocol will help us confirm which, if any, colors tarantulas can see. This research will help scientists better understand the evolution of colors in tarantulas and how it affects their life histories. |
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Characterizing multimodal communication in black-legged meadow katydids (Orchelimum nigripes)
Chante Jacobs1, Jared Swensen1, Thalia Leon Rodriguez1, Jennifer Hamel2, Flavia Barbosa1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon University
Characterizing multimodal communication in black-legged meadow katydids (Orchelimum nigripes) Chante Jacobs1, Jared Swensen1, Thalia Leon Rodriguez1, Jennifer Hamel2, Flavia Barbosa1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon UniversityMultimodal communication occurs when animals communicate through more than one sensory modality. Katydids produce acoustic signals by rubbing their wings together, but some species also produce substrate-borne vibrations known as tremulations. We set to investigate whether tremulations are present in black-legged meadow katydids, Orchelimum nigripes, a species whose acoustic signals have been widely documented. We hypothesized that acoustic signals and tremulations will vary by social contexts and will contain different types of information. Individuals were field-collected and brought to the laboratory, where focal males were tested under three different social contexts: with another male, with a female, and solitary. Acoustic calls and tremulations were recorded, and behaviors were video-recorded. Tremulation behaviors were observed in male-female contexts, which to the best of our knowledge is the first documented observation of vibrational signaling in this species. These results suggest that tremulations are performed by both males and females in the presence of another individual but not in in isolation, while acoustic calling was observed in all three treatments. |
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Characterizing multimodal communication in gladiator meadow katydids (Orchelimum gladiator)
Thalia León Rodríguez1, Chante Jacobs1, Jared Swensen1, Flavia Barbosa1, Jennifer A. Hamel2 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon University
Characterizing multimodal communication in gladiator meadow katydids (Orchelimum gladiator) Thalia León Rodríguez1, Chante Jacobs1, Jared Swensen1, Flavia Barbosa1, Jennifer A. Hamel2 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon UniversityAnimals can communicate using multiple sensory modalities, a phenomenon known as multimodal communication. Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) produce acoustic signals, but many species can also produce tremulations, which are substrate-borne vibrations. The acoustic calls of the gladiator meadow katydid, Orchelimum gladiator, have been previously studied; however, it was unknown whether they also produce tremulations. We tested the hypothesis that this species engages in multimodal signaling where calls and tremulations contain different information and are used in different social contexts. We exposed field-collected males to three treatments: with another male, with a female, and solitary. We video-recorded behavior and recorded acoustic calls and plant-borne vibrations under these three conditions. Tremulations were observed by both males and females in all contexts except the solitary condition, which is to the best of our knowledge the first record of this behavior in this species. These results indicate that tremulations are associated with social interactions rather than occurring in isolation, while acoustic signals vary by social context. |
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Assessing the effect of background noise on detection of vocal identity information
Parker Major1, Brittany Coppinger1,2, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (3) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University
Assessing the effect of background noise on detection of vocal identity informationParker Major1, Brittany Coppinger1,2, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (3) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityMany vertebrates can transmit identity information for social recognition through vocalizations. Identity information can be detected by computational tools for empirical analysis, though this may be impacted by background noise. We quantified the effect of background noise on the accuracy of vocal identity information detection. We generated synthetic frequency modulated vocal identity signals with controlled amounts of group identity information using the paRsynth package in R. We designed simulation experiments in which we added three types of background noise (cricket stridulations, white or pink noise) of low or high signal to noise ratio (SNR) over synthetic vocalizations. We used a computational pipeline with spectrographic cross-correlation and unsupervised machine learning to compare identity information detection performance across experimental treatments. We found that the accuracy of information detection was significantly lower for all noise treatments, and the effect of noise on information detection was greater for low SNR treatments. Our results provide guidelines for future work on computational information detection when signals are recorded in noisy environments. |
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Effects of age on same-sex sexual behavior in the black-legged meadow katydid (Orchelimum nigripes)
Jared E. Swensen1, Thalia Leon Rodriguez1, Chante Jacobs1, Jennifer A. Hamel2, Flavia Barbosa1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon University
Effects of age on same-sex sexual behavior in the black-legged meadow katydid (Orchelimum nigripes)Jared E. Swensen1, Thalia Leon Rodriguez1, Chante Jacobs1, Jennifer A. Hamel2, Flavia Barbosa1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) Elon UniversityThere are many hypotheses to explain the occurrence of same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) in animals. A possible explanation, particularly in insects, is broad “mating filters”, meaning that they would attempt to court and mate with a broad range of stimuli. Mating filters can be plastic, broadening and narrowing depending upon environmental conditions. We observed numerous same-sex mounting attempts in the black-legged meadow katydid Orchelimum nigripes, which we hypothesized to be due to a broad mating filter. Here we tested whether age affects the frequency of SSB in O. nigripes. We hypothesized that mating filter would broaden with age as mating opportunities decrease. We collected individuals from Nicholson Wildlife Refuge (Racine Co., Wisconsin) and brought to the laboratory where we video-recorded their behavior and recorded acoustic and vibrational signals under three treatments: with another male, with a female, and alone. Males were tested twice, at 10 days and 25 days of age post adult molting. If our hypothesis is supported, we expect to find more frequent occurrences of male same-sex mounting attempts in older individuals. |
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Sequential analysis of a multimodal signaling strategy in foot-flagging frog aggressive interactions
Brigitte Walla1, Morgan O. Beaty1, Doris Preninger2, Lisa A. Mangiamele1 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College; (2) Vienna Zoo
Sequential analysis of a multimodal signaling strategy in foot-flagging frog aggressive interactionsBrigitte Walla1, Morgan O. Beaty1, Doris Preninger2, Lisa A. Mangiamele1 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College; (2) Vienna ZooIntrasexual aggression can lead to physical fights and/or injury, therefore to minimize costs many species have evolved signaling displays with which to assess an opponent’s competitive ability. However, how signals from different sensory ‘channels’ (visual, auditory, gestural) contribute to this assessment is not well understood. Here, we conduct a network-based sequential analysis of male aggressive interactions in Staurois parvus, a frog that utilizes a multimodal signaling strategy, to determine when different signals are used and if interactions escalate predictably from low- to high-risk behaviors. We found that interactions did not escalate predictably because of the repeated use of a gestural foot flag signal throughout to de-escalate the conflict. Our results suggest that the foot flag is a low-cost but highly effective signal which induces an agonistic response in the receiver. Our study provides further context for why animals may prioritize certain signals in intrasexual conflicts, as well as what makes a competitive strategy in males who have multiple sensory channels with which to communicate aggression. |
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Combat vs. Courtship: Evolutionary Stasis of Courtship Signals
Adam J. Warren1, H. E. Abercrombie1, OURS Team1, Stephanie M. Campos2, Anastassia P. Erudaitius3, Diana K. Hews4, Alison Ossip-Drahos5, Cristina Romero-Diaz6, José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega7, Erin C. Kelso8, Emília P. Martins1 et al.(1) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; (2) Department of Biology, Villanova University; (3) Life Sciences Department, San Diego City College; (4) Department of Biology, Indiana State University; (5) Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Marian University; (6) Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; (7) Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; (8) Departament of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver
Combat vs. Courtship: Evolutionary Stasis of Courtship SignalsAdam J. Warren1, H. E. Abercrombie1, OURS Team1, Stephanie M. Campos2, Anastassia P. Erudaitius3, Diana K. Hews4, Alison Ossip-Drahos5, Cristina Romero-Diaz6, José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega7, Erin C. Kelso8, Emília P. Martins1 et al.(1) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; (2) Department of Biology, Villanova University; (3) Life Sciences Department, San Diego City College; (4) Department of Biology, Indiana State University; (5) Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Marian University; (6) Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; (7) Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; (8) Departament of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado DenverAnimals use communicative signals in a wide range of contexts, including broadcasting individual, sex, and species identity, mediating aggressive interactions, attracting mates, and coordinating social behavior such as group foraging and parental care. In lizards, the species-typical “pushup display,” used primarily in territorial advertisement and male-male aggressive encounters, has been extensively documented with hundreds of studies detailing its structure and function over nearly 70 years. In contrast, the “shudder display” produced by males during courtship, has received far less attention and remains poorly characterized. In this study, we analyze video recordings of wild Sceloporus lizards from 10 species performing headbob displays and conduct a comprehensive literature review to quantify inter-individual and interspecific variation in the shudder display. We find that unlike pushup displays, shudder displays exhibit striking structural similarity across a broad range of lizard species. We consider the behavioral and hormonal consequences of highly repetitive signals, and discuss functional mechanisms that may underlie the evolutionary stasis observed in shudder displays. |
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Influence of habitat background motion on short-range courtship in Habronattus pyrrithrix
Katelyn Wright1, Eden Crawford1, Abhinav Madabhushi1, Tyler Ching1, Ellie Jacobs1, Gowthami Vidya1, David Morris1, Daniel Zurek1, Nathan Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Influence of habitat background motion on short-range courtship in Habronattus pyrrithrix Katelyn Wright1, Eden Crawford1, Abhinav Madabhushi1, Tyler Ching1, Ellie Jacobs1, Gowthami Vidya1, David Morris1, Daniel Zurek1, Nathan Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiAnimals live in noisy environments that can affect signal perception by receivers. Research in vertebrates reveals that signalers often modulate motion signals in response to background motion. However, little is known about how background motion shapes signals in invertebrates. We examined the influence of background habitat motion on Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spiders' courtship. H. pyrrithrix has a multicomponent visual display with distinct long- and short-range phases. The short-range phase consists of tarsal and knee movements whose motion plays an important role in capturing and maintaining female attention. We thus predicted that males would increase the visual angle and/or velocity of tarsal movements in the short-range phase in response to background motion. We recorded male courtship displays to a conspecific female against two backgrounds (still habitat image, habitat video with motion). We tracked display motions in 3D and compared the kinematics of tarsal movements as perceived by the focal female in the two background conditions. Our research demonstrates the role of background motion noise in shaping displays of a charismatic invertebrate taxon. |
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Salinity driven distribution of coastal dolphins in an inverse estuary through habitat suitability modeling
Camari Knox1, Meredith MacQueeny2, Annika E. Dean2, Janet Mann2, Vivienne Foroughirad1 et al.(1) Texas A&M University at Galveston; (2) Georgetown University
Salinity driven distribution of coastal dolphins in an inverse estuary through habitat suitability modeling Camari Knox1, Meredith MacQueeny2, Annika E. Dean2, Janet Mann2, Vivienne Foroughirad1 et al.(1) Texas A&M University at Galveston; (2) Georgetown UniversityCoastal marine habitats experience frequent fluctuations in water quality parameters that can expose inhabitants to physiological stress. High salinity exposure (>35 psu) in coastal dolphins has been linked to positive effects such as decreased recovery time of epidermal wounds, yet also show correlation to increased cortisol levels. Shark Bay, Australia, an inverse estuary, has higher salinity than the surrounding ocean and a large well-monitored resident bottlenose dolphin population. We hypothesize that during seasons with high predation risk, dolphin distribution is influenced by a preference for higher salinity habitats, as it can assist in both wound healing and predator deterrence. Findings show dolphins observed at higher and relatively narrow salinity ranges (42.0 ± 2.6 psu) compared to absence locations (38.0 ± 1.3 psu), indicating that dolphins balance trade-offs between physiological stress and ecological benefits, by occupying intermediate hypersaline zones where predation risk may be reduced but physiological limits are not pushed. Understanding this balance of factors that shape dolphin distribution will help explain how individuals optimize their habitat use. |
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Frog in Flux: How Climate Shapes the Túngara Frog Morphology
Alissa P. Murphy1, Michael J. Ryan1,2 et al.(1) The University of Texas at Austin; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Frog in Flux: How Climate Shapes the Túngara Frog MorphologyAlissa P. Murphy1, Michael J. Ryan1,2 et al.(1) The University of Texas at Austin; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteAn increasingly variable environment has the potential to affect population structure and individual growth rates across taxa. Body condition can influence survival, reproductive success, and mate choice in many species. Understanding long-term morphological trends will provide insight into how local populations respond to environmental changes. We investigated temporal changes in morphology of the túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus) in relation to climatic variation in Gamboa, Panama from 2001-2018. We tested whether annual changes in snout-vent length (SVL) and mass in males and females changed in relation to multiple climate variables, including precipitation, temperature, humidity, evapotranspiration, and water balance. High resolution environmental data were used from the Physical Monitoring Program of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Autoridad de Canal de Panamá. Preliminary analyses indicate that several climate variables are correlated with interannual variation in body size, suggesting that the development of tropical frogs plastically responds to climatic variations on a relatively short time scale. |
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Hot headed: Immune-related gene expression following a heat challenge in the nestling tree swallow brain
Liliana Sosnowski1, Mary Woodruff3, Megan Murphy2, Kimberly A. Rosvall2, Emily J. Levy1 et al.(1) Sacred Heart University; (2) Indiana University Bloomington; (3) Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Hot headed: Immune-related gene expression following a heat challenge in the nestling tree swallow brain Liliana Sosnowski1, Mary Woodruff3, Megan Murphy2, Kimberly A. Rosvall2, Emily J. Levy1 et al.(1) Sacred Heart University; (2) Indiana University Bloomington; (3) Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationUnderstanding how climate stressors affect development can help us assess persistence. However, in endotherms, little is known about physiological effects of elevated heat on the brain. Heat exposure may induce immune stress to maintain homeostasis. Here, we investigate changes in immune gene expression in the brain of nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), following an experimental heat challenge. We hypothesize that, in the hippocampus, heat exposure will result in upregulation of immune-related genes to maintain homeostasis. When nestlings were 12 days old, nest temperatures were experimentally elevated by 4.5°C for 4 hours. We then extracted the hippocampi and measured expression of several immune genes: TNFa, IL6 receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and heat-shock protein 90AA1. Preliminary analyses suggest that these genes were positively correlated with each other, suggesting co-regulation, and that the heat treatment did not broadly affect gene expression in the brain, suggesting that other mechanisms may buffer tree swallows against heat waves. By studying the activation of these genes, we can better understand endotherm neurophysiological responses to heat exposure. |
| 45 |
Bobbing, Bending, Dipping, Tilting – What Are These Birds Doing and Why?
Dalton Brown1, Nadje Najar1 et al.(1) Misssouri State University
Bobbing, Bending, Dipping, Tilting – What Are These Birds Doing and Why?Dalton Brown1, Nadje Najar1 et al.(1) Misssouri State UniversityMany terrestrial bird species incorporate characteristic head or whole-body movements variously described as ‘bobs’, ‘knee-bends’, ‘teetering’, ‘tilting’, ‘dipping’, etc. While many species are well-known to ‘teeter’ or ‘bend’, with at least one family named for it (the ‘dippers’), these behaviors are often treated as quirks of evolution and have not been formally or systematically described. It is currently unknown how widespread ‘bobbing’ behavior is in birds or what (if any) function it may serve. Bobbing behavior appears to be most common among small, terrestrial birds occupying relatively open habitats, and may be an adaptation for measuring distances via parallax. We will use a recent phylogeny of the Certhioidea (dippers, wrens, and allies) to systematically characterize the prevalence and possible ecological correlates of bobbing behavior, and to test the hypothesis that the evolution of bobbing and bending is correlated with ecological shifts. This poster will have a specific focus on Troglodytidae (Wrens). |
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Behavioral Syndromes in Diverging Anadromous and Freshwater Stickleback Fish Populations
Kylei Mittler1, Jackson Uhrig1, Lauren Zola1, Willow Ebel-Infante1, Shane Kennedy1, Jiya Pandit1, Miles Pedowitz1, Matthew Wund1, Marina Morandini1 et al.(1) The College of New Jersey
Behavioral Syndromes in Diverging Anadromous and Freshwater Stickleback Fish Populations Kylei Mittler1, Jackson Uhrig1, Lauren Zola1, Willow Ebel-Infante1, Shane Kennedy1, Jiya Pandit1, Miles Pedowitz1, Matthew Wund1, Marina Morandini1 et al.(1) The College of New JerseyBehavioral syndromes—suites of correlated behaviors such as boldness, activity, and exploration—can arise when selection favors particular trait combinations. In the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), correlations between boldness and aggression are related to predation environment, suggesting that ecological context shapes behavioral integration. This study focuses on populations inhabiting a recently-formed lake in Alaska, where anadromous individuals migrating from the marine environment breed in sympatry with resident freshwater fish likely derived from recent colonists. This system provides a unique opportunity to examine behavioral divergence during the early stages of ecological differentiation. We aim to determine if freshwater and anadromous individuals differ in behavioral syndromes. We predict that freshwater fish will be shyer, less active, and less exploratory, whereas anadromous individuals will exhibit higher boldness and exploratory behavior. These findings will help determine whether divergence in behavioral syndromes contributes to differences in migratory tendency, which may facilitate adaptive divergence despite their coexistence. |
| 49 |
The position of identity information impacts its detection in synthetic vocalizations
Ollia M. Miller1, Raneem Samman1,2, Grethel A. Juárez1, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program
The position of identity information impacts its detection in synthetic vocalizationsOllia M. Miller1, Raneem Samman1,2, Grethel A. Juárez1, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior ProgramVocal information encoding may track the complexity of the social environment. Some animals may encode multiple types of information in a single vocal signal. While computational tools can be used to detect complex identity information, it is difficult to validate such detection with empirical data. We used the paRsynth package to manipulate the detectability of group and individual identity information in synthetic vocalizations. We created datasets where we placed each type of information first or last in calls, then performed simulation experiments to test how position impacted information detection. To detect identity information, we applied a pipeline that included spectrographic cross-correlation and unsupervised clustering. We found a small, significant effect of position on identity information detection. Both group membership and individual identity information were more difficult to detect when positioned last. We are currently manipulating the distance between types of identity information to break information detectability. Our work provides a foundation for future simulation experiments and guidelines for detecting identity information in biological vocalizations. |
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Drivers of Individual Variation in the Courtship Displays of a Territorial Hummingbird
Emma D. Demefack1(1) Princeton University
Drivers of Individual Variation in the Courtship Displays of a Territorial HummingbirdEmma D. Demefack1(1) Princeton UniversityIn territorial species, courtship displays can signal resources available to prospective mates. Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) males perform U-dive courtship displays of varying frequency and intensity, but the drivers of this variation are unclear. I examined how territorial characteristics predict courtship behavior in territory-holding males at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado, using behavioral observation and quantification of territorial characteristics. Contrary to predictions, floral diversity, territory size, and proximity to feeders did not significantly predict display behavior. Instead, proximity to river was the strongest predictor, with males farther from rivers spending more time U-diving later in the breeding season. Territories increased in size and floral diversity later in the season. These results suggest that resource abundance on territories does not strongly influence courtship behavior, but distance to river may represent abiotic factors not depicted in this study. Furthermore, display behavior likely increases later in the breeding season due to seasonal phenology and the mating status of females. |
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X Marks the Spot: Mapping the Neural Correlates of Spatial Navigation Behavior in Clonal Fish
Emma Yamamoto1, Siobhan Calhoun1, Abigail Trocinski1, Amelia Engelsgjerd1, Kate Laskowski1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis
X Marks the Spot: Mapping the Neural Correlates of Spatial Navigation Behavior in Clonal FishEmma Yamamoto1, Siobhan Calhoun1, Abigail Trocinski1, Amelia Engelsgjerd1, Kate Laskowski1 et al.(1) University of California, DavisExposure to stressors such as predation risk during early life can affect long term behavioral phenotypes, including the ability to navigate through space. The long-term effects of stress on later behavioral decisions suggests important organizational changes in the brain, but we are still uncovering exactly which mechanisms underlie these changes. Here, we investigate the effects of developmental stress on spatial navigation using a naturally clonal fish species, which offers the unique ability to isolate environmental effects from genetics when examining differences in behavior and neural activation. Preliminary data suggests that, when tested as adults, individuals reared with predator cues were more successful at navigating a one turn maze than individuals reared under control conditions, suggesting long-term effects of this stressor. We utilized a pS6 immunohistochemical protocol to analyze how rearing treatment impacts levels of neural activity in brain regions related to sensory processing and navigation. Our results show early life predation stress can have long lasting impacts on navigation, and these differences are reflected in neural processing. |
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Maternal Care and Development in Jumping Spider, Phidippus regius
Roxie Baggott1, Trinity Walls1, Nuala Griffen1, Marwa Nauman1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) UC Berkeley
Maternal Care and Development in Jumping Spider, Phidippus regius Roxie Baggott1, Trinity Walls1, Nuala Griffen1, Marwa Nauman1, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) UC BerkeleySpiders exhibit diversity in maternal care in both level of involvement and the form that the care takes. For jumping spiders (Salticidae), behavior ranges from egg sac guarding to feeding offspring. In this study, we explored maternal care in Phidippus regius, or the Regal Jumping Spider, a species distinct for their online popularity and large size. To investigate their maternal care, we collected specimens from a field site in Florida. Pregnant females were placed into one of two treatments: (1) females were removed from their egg sac 1-3 days after laying it, and (2) females were left with their egg sac until spiderlings hatched and dispersed. We recorded the amount of time that it took for the spiderlings to hatch and disperse. In the first treatment, 23% of spiderlings hatched and none emerged from any egg sacs. In the second treatment, 63% of egg sacs hatched, and 100% of hatched spiderlings emerged from the egg sac. This research demonstrates that females remaining with their egg sac is necessary for successful emergence. This work has important implications for animal husbandry and revealed an unsung facet of jumping spider natural history. |
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HCR characterizes feeding integration center and feeding-parental care tradeoffs in threespine sticklebacks.
Jenna Rosas1, Tina Barbasch1, Alison Bell1 et al.(1) University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
HCR characterizes feeding integration center and feeding-parental care tradeoffs in threespine sticklebacks.Jenna Rosas1, Tina Barbasch1, Alison Bell1 et al.(1) University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignParental care places substantial energetic demands on animals, yet some parents reduce feeding while sustaining offspring care. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) offers a useful system, as parenting males show decreased appetite and weight loss during care. We tested whether changes in appetite reflect shifts in melanocortin system activity, where appetite-regulating neuronal populations modulate feeding and parental behavior. Using a high-throughput in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR) approach, we identified these neurons and manipulated hunger signals by injecting parenting and non-parenting males with saline or liraglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist). We found reproductive state-dependent differences in response to liraglutide, suggesting that non-parenting males are less sensitive to satiety signals. We also compared neural activity patterns to test whether liraglutide activates appetite-suppressing neurons and inhibits appetite-stimulating neurons in parenting males. Combined, results from this study will provide insight into how parents manage the energetic demands of parenthood and what the consequences are for parental behavior and fitness. |
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Dietary Changes in Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) Nestlings
Josephine Whelan1, Emily DuVal1, Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler2 et al.(1) Florida State University; (2) California Polytechnic State University
Dietary Changes in Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) NestlingsJosephine Whelan1, Emily DuVal1, Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler2 et al.(1) Florida State University; (2) California Polytechnic State UniversityParental provisioning behavior can fulfill changing physiological needs in altricial offspring, where parents must deliver quality prey while responding to shifts in age and resource abundance. Across many passerines, dietary needs shift during growth, influencing physical, sensory, microbial, and behavioral systems. In temperate passerines, parents often feed young nestlings taurine-rich spiders, which can support brain development, immunity, and growth. However, early dietary needs and composition are poorly understood in tropical frugivores. Using Lance-tailed Manakins, a frugivorous tropical passerine, we examined dietary shifts and their influence on growth and condition. To quantify diet composition and diversity, we analyzed fecal samples and body condition measures from different aged nestlings. Arthropod consumption declined with age, while fruit intake and seed diversity increased. Arthropod consumption was not linked to growth rates or condition, though nestling weight changed between years. Parental provisioning shifts with age, though arthropod consumption did not affect somatic growth. Future work will examine how diet shapes microbial communities during development. |
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The Cicadapocalypse: A Story of Ants Dominating and Discovering Dead Bodies
Kiera McKee1, John Lill2, Martha Weiss3, Sean Menke1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) George Washington University; (3) Georgetown University
The Cicadapocalypse: A Story of Ants Dominating and Discovering Dead Bodies Kiera McKee1, John Lill2, Martha Weiss3, Sean Menke1 et al.(1) Lake Forest College; (2) George Washington University; (3) Georgetown UniversityWe studied the ecosystem level effects of a massive and geographically widespread, “surprise” resource pulse on ant communities. We evaluate how ants, among the most abundant terrestrial consumer groups, respond to a 17-year periodical cicada emergence in northern Illinois through 10 weeks of data collection in each of 2 summers, at 5 different locations. This study analyzes the foraging decisions and aggressive interactions of ant genera in the presence and absence of a natural cicada resource pulse. We found that ants were 2 times slower to discover dead cicada baits during the emergence, indicating an abundance of food in the environment. Furthermore, we found that ants were 4 times less aggressive at cicada baits during the emergence compared to the following year. This indicates the resource pulse is satiating the ant community and thereby causing a reduction in interspecific competition. Previous literature notes that ants will prioritize either discovery or control of baits, exhibiting a dominance-discovery tradeoff. We analyze the variations in behavior between years among different ant genera to determine how resource abundance affects this dominance-discovery tradeoff. |
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Ecological ripple effects: insights following novel carnivory in the California ground squirrel
Jada Wahl1, Sonja Wild2, Jennifer Smith1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire; (2) University of California
Ecological ripple effects: insights following novel carnivory in the California ground squirrel Jada Wahl1, Sonja Wild2, Jennifer Smith1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire; (2) University of CaliforniaWidespread human impacts contribute to rapidly changing selective pressures on wildlife. Long-term studies on marked individuals can offer insights into population and community dynamics over time. The current research aims to reveal the demographic and behavioral patterns of California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) before and after a boom year of California voles (Microtus californicus). As part of a long-term field study in California, we have live-trapped, marked, and observed individual ground squirrels since 2013. In the summer of 2024, we documented the emergence of widespread hunting and consumption of voles by ground squirrels in our two study populations. Here we document the subsequent crash in squirrel abundance and surge in predator sightings in the summer of 2025. We report on these demographic, behavioral, and physiological consequences of the vole boom year using an integrated approach. Our findings offer insights into how periods of prosperity (e.g., boom years) and catastrophic turnover events (e.g., demographic crashes) shape wildlife populations that generate ripple effects within ecological communities. |
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Winner/loser effects and competitive dominance in convict cichlids.
Sophie Bryan1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State University
Winner/loser effects and competitive dominance in convict cichlids.Sophie Bryan1, Kathleen Church1 et al.(1) Missouri State UniversityDominance hierarchies are common in social animals. Dominant individuals display more aggression and often monopolize resources such as food. Smaller individuals are then unable to outcompete larger ones and are the recipients of, rather than initiators of, aggression. However, other factors are involved, including prior competitive experience (i.e., winner/loser effects) and personality (i.e., individual, repeatable behavioral traits). In this experiment, captive-bred convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) experienced either a “winner” (being significantly larger than two conspecifics) or a “loser” condition (being significantly smaller than the two conspecifics) for one week, as well as repeated individual personality assays. Then, food consumption and aggressive behavior were observed in feeding trials in size-matched groups (N=4 fish). This experiment investigates the relationships between prior experience, the consistency of individual personality traits, and social dominance among same-sized conspecifics. Preliminary results show that competitive dominance in convict cichlids is determined by complex interactions between personality and prior competitive experience. |
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Effect of water restriction on early courtship in a monogamous songbird
Joshua Davis1, Jeremiah Gorman1, Sophia Becker1, Celia McLean1, Jol Tarongo1, Saahil Joshi1, Nora Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell University
Effect of water restriction on early courtship in a monogamous songbirdJoshua Davis1, Jeremiah Gorman1, Sophia Becker1, Celia McLean1, Jol Tarongo1, Saahil Joshi1, Nora Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell UniversityZebra finches are monogamous, opportunistic breeders, and adapted to survive the Australian desert. While previous research has shown that pairs of zebra finches actively maintain their pair bonds regardless of environmental conditions, it is unclear whether they will court and form bonds during periods of poor environmental conditions. Here we investigate the impact of water restriction (WR) on courtship behavior in unpaired zebra finches. In our first experiment, we conducted a brief courtship assay on WR and control (water ad lib) unpaired male and female zebra finches. These assays were conducted before and after a 7 week period of WR for the WR birds. We found an overall decrease in vocal behavior (calls and song) between the first and second assay, independent of WR. Circulating testosterone levels also suggested that all males, both WR and control, were in a state of reduced breeding readiness. We are currently conducting a new second experiment comparing courtship on WR and control birds. In this study, by controlling for more variables, we hope to clarify the effect of WR on courtship behavior in unpaired subjects. |
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An operant learning paradigm in zebra finches using auditory perception and social reinforcement
Saahil M. Joshi1, Sasha Smalls1, Joshua Davis1, Mary Elson1, Nora Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell University
An operant learning paradigm in zebra finches using auditory perception and social reinforcementSaahil M. Joshi1, Sasha Smalls1, Joshua Davis1, Mary Elson1, Nora Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell UniversityUnderstanding how animals perceive social signals is critical to the study of social behavior, yet most paradigms assess perception in the absence of social context. Here, we adapted a socially reinforced operant conditioning task to test auditory perception in both male and female zebra finches when motivated by same- or opposite-sex conspecific partners. Prior versions of this assay used chronic housing, but here we ran birds < 2 hours per day. Subjects were trained to activate a switch enabling visual access to their partner and were tested on a Go/NoGo song discrimination. We also introduced a categorization task using different renditions of the same song. Only a single female demonstrated proficiency in discriminating and categorizing above chance. The sex of the subject or partner had no effect on accuracy and response rate. These results show partial success in this limited-exposure paradigm but also raise questions about the strength of zebra finch motivation to participate in tasks when not chronically housed. We hypothesize there is a delayed latency to engage with the task and we are increasing task habituation to 4 hours per day to test this. |
| 71 |
Up close with Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens): Do visitor interactions affect welfare?
Melissa Burns-Cusato1, Arabella Fowler1,2 et al.(1) Centre College; (2) University of Kentucky
Up close with Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens): Do visitor interactions affect welfare? Melissa Burns-Cusato1, Arabella Fowler1,2 et al.(1) Centre College; (2) University of KentuckyOver 75% of zoos worldwide offer animal ambassador programs allowing close human–animal interactions, which may promote conservation engagement but also raise concerns about animal welfare. The present study evaluated behavioral and physiological responses of two red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) participating in Backstage Pass Experiences at the Louisville Zoo. In these experiences, small tour groups gathered with a keeper near the enclosure fence before entering the habitat to feed grapes to a red panda. Both animals approached the fence more frequently when tour groups were present than when only a keeper or no people were present. This pattern may reflect exploratory responses to novelty or a learned association with a preferred food, consistent with neutral or positive stimulation rather than a negative response. Fecal cortisol metabolites varied by season, so seasonal iterative baselines were used to identify cortisol spikes as indicators of potential stress. However, spike probability did not increase following tours. These findings indicate that tour experiences were not associated with a stress response and may represent neutral or positive experiences for the red pandas. |
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Edibles During Veterinary Visits Impact on Canine Stress
Allyson S. Ebernell1, Lisa M. Gunter1 et al.(1) Virginia Tech
Edibles During Veterinary Visits Impact on Canine StressAllyson S. Ebernell1, Lisa M. Gunter1 et al.(1) Virginia TechWhile routine veterinary care is necessary, veterinary visits are typically stressful experiences for companion animals. The most prevalent intervention aimed to improve dog welfare during these visits is counterconditioning with the use of edibles (i.e. dog treats, whipped cream, peanut butter).This study aims to evaluate owned dogs’ experiences at a general veterinary clinic when presenting for non-illness medical care and explore if a relationship exists between the amount of food dogs consume and their welfare during the visit. Dogs in this study received a physical examination by a veterinarian with edibles offered throughout. Edibles consumed were recorded in grams and measured relative to dogs’ total weight in kilograms. Before, during, and after the examination, physiological measures were collected, such as respiratory rate, tympanic membrane temperature, and heart rate, along with the owners’ perceptions via a survey. Preliminary results and conclusions from these data will be discussed. This study allows us to investigate an often-used intervention in veterinary clinics in order to increase our understanding of its effect and dogs’ overall welfare during these visits. |
| 75 |
Nailed It: Exploring Effective Methods of Training a Scratchboard
Yasmeen A. Gomez1, Megan Arant1, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia Tech
Nailed It: Exploring Effective Methods of Training a ScratchboardYasmeen A. Gomez1, Megan Arant1, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia TechNail trims, a routine husbandry task, can be aversive for many dogs. With repeated nail trims, dogs may escalate to snapping or biting at the sight of nail trimmers, creating safety and welfare concerns. Cooperative care offers alternatives, including scratchboards, in which the dog trims its own nails by scratching an abrasive surface. Although practitioners use a variety of training procedures to teach this behavior, no research has evaluated them. This study assessed three different positive-reinforcement training procedures for training scratchboard use: Lure, in which a treat lure is given contingent on a pawing behavior; Transfer, a treat is given contingent on pawing at a towel that is then placed and faded atop the scratchboard; and Free-shape, in which no antecedent stimuli is used and the behavior is established only with contingent delivery of a reinforcer. We pseudorandomly assigned shelter dogs to a training condition after baseline. We measured trials to criterion and frustration-related behaviors. All dogs acquired the behavior, though early results suggest Free-shape dogs may need more sessions. We will discuss the protocols and group and individual-level outcomes. |
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Canine-Human Interaction Style and Detection Task Performance
Catherine Homan1(1) Virginia Tech
Canine-Human Interaction Style and Detection Task PerformanceCatherine Homan1(1) Virginia TechProfessional detection dog teams aid conservation efforts by efficiently solving complex olfactory puzzles to locate target species. Recently, community science teams of handlers and companion dogs demonstrate similar capabilities. While there is some consensus on what human and canine skills promote detection team success, there is little research on whether the interaction style between the handler and dog affects performance. Research suggests that a guardian’s “pet-parenting style” affects their dog’s problem-solving abilities, with dogs of guardians displaying high responsiveness and high warmth showing greater persistence and success. We analyzed odor recognition tests of citizen science teams trained to detect Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, SLF) egg masses to analyze what behaviors, such as the frequency of the dog’s gaze at the handler, time spent sniffing target odor versus distractors, and the number of warm versus cold verbal cues given by the handler, to assess whether interaction style affected performance. As more community science detection teams train and operationalize, a better understanding of the factors that contribute to success will be critical. |
| 79 |
Effects of Structured Human Enrichment on Adoption Outcomes of Recently Admitted Shelter Dogs
Jayden Weinstein1, Eliza Beckett1, Dean Brook1, Lydia Easler1, Dr Lisa Cantwell1 et al.(1) Wofford College
Effects of Structured Human Enrichment on Adoption Outcomes of Recently Admitted Shelter DogsJayden Weinstein1, Eliza Beckett1, Dean Brook1, Lydia Easler1, Dr Lisa Cantwell1 et al.(1) Wofford CollegeAnimal shelter environments often elevate stress levels in dogs, which can negatively affect welfare and adoption outcomes. This study evaluates whether brief, structured human enrichment reduces physiological indicators of stress, measured through urinary cortisol, in recently admitted shelter dogs and whether these interactions influence adoption rates. Dogs are assigned to one of three groups: no enrichment (control), enrichment with a consistent handler, or enrichment with rotating handlers. Enrichment sessions occur over four consecutive days, and we collected cortisol samples at the beginning and end of the trial period. We hypothesize that enriched dogs exhibit lower cortisol levels than control dogs at the end of the four-day trial. We also predict that dogs receiving enrichment are adopted at higher rates than dogs in the control group. This study provides practical, evidence-based strategies that shelters can implement to reduce stress and improve adoption outcomes for dogs. |
| 81 |
Population Genetics of an Invasive Spider Species, Pholcus Manueli, Along its Invasion Front
Deric B. Van Houten1, Abby L. Sorgdrager1, Matt Sperry1,2, Alexander Salazar2, Alex D. Berry2, Ann L. Rypstra2 et al.(1) Buena Vista University; (2) Miami University
Population Genetics of an Invasive Spider Species, Pholcus Manueli, Along its Invasion FrontDeric B. Van Houten1, Abby L. Sorgdrager1, Matt Sperry1,2, Alexander Salazar2, Alex D. Berry2, Ann L. Rypstra2 et al.(1) Buena Vista University; (2) Miami UniversityThe field of invasion biology seeks to understand the factors that contribute towards anon-native species’ invasion success (Reichard & White, 2003). It is well acknowledged that differences in animal behavior are vital during multiple phases of the invasion process, especially establishment and spread. Recent studies have shown that features like behavior tend to vary throughout the area of invasion, contributing further towards success or failure (Bélouard et al., 2019). However, genetic variation across invasion areas, particularly in arachnids, is still a relatively unexplored factor. In this study, two genes of Pholcus manueli were examined. DNA was extracted from 36 specimens collected across the U.S. invasion range. The relative genetic distance between populations was determined through various methods of post-run analysis. Results indicated that there was not a correlation between genetic and geographic distance, nor was there a significant genetic difference between core and edge invasion areas. |
| 83 |
Dee-coding the Breeding Season: Potential Character Displacement in Chickadee Call Response
Wei Li1, Omar Mendez1, Amber Rice1 et al.(1) Lehigh University
Dee-coding the Breeding Season: Potential Character Displacement in Chickadee Call ResponseWei Li1, Omar Mendez1, Amber Rice1 et al.(1) Lehigh UniversityCharacter displacement can lead to divergence in responses to vocal signals, potentially impacting mate choice and/or aggression. Although song preferences have been well studied in songbirds, how individuals react to calls from conspecifics versus heterospecifics is less clear. Hybrid zones are a valuable window into interspecific interactions. Preliminary data from the black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadee (P. carolinensis) hybrid zone has shown signs of character displacement of call notes, but the connection between differences in call notes and behavioral responses have not been established. We investigated potential differences in acoustic and behavioral responses between species and selective environments (allopatry vs. sympatry) by simulating a nest intrusion scenario; including playbacks of either con- or heterospecific calls, to assess aggression in free-living chickadees breeding both inside and outside the hybrid zone. Our results will reveal the presence and type of character displacement in interspecific interaction within our hybrid zone, and advance understanding on how interspecies communication and perception contribute to speciation. |
| 85 |
Does experience improve dogs’ performance on short-term memory tasks?
Jessica McAlpin1, Hannah Shope1, Daniel Horschler1 et al.(1) Hill's Pet Nutrition
Does experience improve dogs’ performance on short-term memory tasks? Jessica McAlpin1, Hannah Shope1, Daniel Horschler1 et al.(1) Hill's Pet NutritionWhile many dog cognition tasks measure learning speed as a primary outcome (Milgram, 2003), more recent tasks often focus on spontaneous problem solving to test cognitive performance (Bray et al., 2020). However, in the latter approach, learning effects must be carefully considered. We tested if dogs performed better on a short-term memory task over the course of multiple sessions. In this task, dogs (N = 12) observed a treat concealed in one of two locations, and were then released to search after delays ranging from 10 to 40 seconds. Within this range, we observed decreasing performance with increasing delay length. Next, an odor control task confirmed that dogs performed at chance when the hiding process was blinded. Lastly, we tested a subset (n = 6) on the short-term memory task at delays of 30 and 40 seconds in three sessions, < 10 weeks apart. A linear mixed-effects model indicated that there was no significant effect of session on the proportion of correct responses, showing that dogs' performance did not improve across the test sessions (z = -1.39, p = 0.17). These results show that simple, spontaneous memory tasks are largely unaffected by short-term practice. |
| 87 |
The effects of microplastic exposure on olfactory-driven behavior in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Levi Storks1, Amira S. Abuhmoud1, Samina F. Abedi1, Zayna Hamdan1, Brandon T. Kenaya1, Mona Khalil1, Luna N. Sharak1, Rachelle M. Belanger1 et al.(1) University of Detroit Mercy
The effects of microplastic exposure on olfactory-driven behavior in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)Levi Storks1, Amira S. Abuhmoud1, Samina F. Abedi1, Zayna Hamdan1, Brandon T. Kenaya1, Mona Khalil1, Luna N. Sharak1, Rachelle M. Belanger1 et al.(1) University of Detroit MercyPlastic pollution is a pervasive threat to aquatic ecosystems, with microplastics (< 5 mm) and nanoplastics (< 1 µm) accumulating in organisms and potentially disrupting physiological processes. In fish, olfactory neurons are directly exposed to suspended particles, making the olfactory system a vulnerable target of plastic exposure. Because olfaction is critical for foraging, predator detection, and social interactions, impairments may have significant ecological consequences. We exposed fathead minnows to polystyrene microplastics (30 µm) and nanoplastics (0.5 µm) for 28 days (0 or 1 mg/L), then assessed behavioral responses to L-alanine, taurocholic acid, and conspecific alarm cue using SLEAP and SimBA. Fish showed preference for L-alanine, no response to taurocholic acid, and avoidance of alarm cue. Microplastic exposure only altered responses to L-alanine. These findings suggest selective disruption of food-related olfactory behavior, with potential impacts on survival and fitness. |
| 89 |
Lumos: Artificial Light at Night Reduces Male Aerial Courtship Signaling in Pyractomena Fireflies
Madison S. Evans1, Ryan S. Schwarz1 et al.(1) Fort Lewis College
Lumos: Artificial Light at Night Reduces Male Aerial Courtship Signaling in Pyractomena FirefliesMadison S. Evans1, Ryan S. Schwarz1 et al.(1) Fort Lewis CollegeArtificial light at night (ALAN) is an expanding sensory pollutant threatening nocturnal taxa that rely on low-light communication. Fireflies depend on bioluminescent courtship signals requiring strong contrast against dark backgrounds, yet the genus Pyractomena remains largely unexamined. We experimentally tested how increasing cool-white LED illumination affects courtship in Pyractomena, where males perform aerial search flights while flashing to locate perched females. In adjacent field plots exposed to dark, moderate, and high illumination, we quantified stationary flashes from vegetation and aerial flashes during flight. ALAN reduced overall courtship activity, with the strongest suppression in aerial signaling, indicating inhibition of male flight displays. Stationary flashing showed minor changes, suggesting light pollution primarily disrupts behaviors requiring movement through illuminated airspace. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that ALAN disproportionately suppresses male courtship in Pyractomena, likely constraining mate encounters and underscoring the need for species-specific conservation research under rising nocturnal illumination. |
| 91 |
Assessing the distinctiveness of synthetic vocal identity signals produced by stochastic generation
Grethel A Juarez1, Raneem Samman1,2, Brittany Coppinger1,3, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1-3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University
Assessing the distinctiveness of synthetic vocal identity signals produced by stochastic generationGrethel A Juarez1, Raneem Samman1,2, Brittany Coppinger1,3, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1-3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State UniversityAnimals can use vocalizations to communicate identity for social recognition. Computational tools can be used to yield insight into the diverse functions of vocalizations for identity information transmission. However, it is difficult to validate detection of vocal identity information using empirical datasets. While synthetic vocalizations can aid in validation, information detection may vary depending on the generative process used to create synthetic signals. We used a stochastic generation process with the package paRsynth to create character string datasets representing synthetic vocal identity signals. We tested how the distinctiveness of group identity information was impacted by parameters used to encode information. We performed simulations to test how the number of unique symbols in strings, string length, and the size of signal sets, impacted the information capacity of the resulting synthetic datasets. By applying information theoretic tools, we found that small signal sets of long strings with more unique symbols were most distinctive. These findings provide a baseline for future work using agent-based experiments to generate vocal variation. |
| 93 |
Tests of the Oddity Effect Hypothesis in mixed-species parid flocks
Zaharia A. Selman1,2, Eric K. Frazier1,2, Colton B. Adams1,3,4, Todd M. Freeberg1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behaviour, University of Tennessee; (3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (4) Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
Tests of the Oddity Effect Hypothesis in mixed-species parid flocksZaharia A. Selman1,2, Eric K. Frazier1,2, Colton B. Adams1,3,4, Todd M. Freeberg1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behaviour, University of Tennessee; (3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (4) Department of Psychology, University of MichiganThe Oddity Effect Hypothesis predicts that predators will choose phenotypically rare individuals within groups. In response to their oddity, these prey individuals should behave inconspicuously (e.g., by delaying signaling). Here, we examined the role of rarity in data taken from two different, published field experiments. We measured the latency to call in mixed-species flocks with one versus two or more individuals of Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis), tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor), or white-breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) after a predator model was presented. We also tested two alternative hypotheses, the ‘probability of calling’ and ‘recruitment’ hypotheses. In support of the Oddity Effect Hypothesis, we found evidence that single individuals took longer to call: chickadees in the first experiment, using a screech owl (Megascops asio) model, and titmice and nuthatches in the second experiment, using a Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) model. We found no evidence for our alternative hypotheses. Our results support the Oddity Effect Hypothesis, though we urge caution given our sample sizes. |
| 95 |
Marine Mammal Surveys of Kachemak Outer Bay & Flat Island
Lauren C. Fliearman1,2, Emelie E. Johnson1,3, Tobi N. Poteat1,4, Dr. Debbie D. Boege Tobin1, Marc A. Webber1 et al.(1) Alaska Anchorage-Kachemak Bay Campus; (2) Michigan Technological University; (3) Appalachian State University; (4) University of North Carolina Wilmington
Marine Mammal Surveys of Kachemak Outer Bay & Flat IslandLauren C. Fliearman1,2, Emelie E. Johnson1,3, Tobi N. Poteat1,4, Dr. Debbie D. Boege Tobin1, Marc A. Webber1 et al.(1) Alaska Anchorage-Kachemak Bay Campus; (2) Michigan Technological University; (3) Appalachian State University; (4) University of North Carolina WilmingtonKachemak Bay and Cook Inlet encompass 229,000 acres of marine habitat that hosts various marine mammal species. Sea otters (Enhydra lutris), Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are among the few marine mammals that inhabit these waters. Despite being relatively common in this area, their ecology and behavior remain poorly understood. We present the results from our marine mammal boat survey conducted in September 2025. An all day survey to/from Flat Island in Lower Cook Inlet documented and photographed every marine mammal sighting, location, and their observed behaviors. Unique results include: sea otter and Glaucous-wing gull (Larus glaucescens) kleptoparasitism, two breaching humpback whales with one being a resighting from HappyWhale and other being a new calf, elusive harbor porpoises, and a resighting of a branded Steller sea lion previously tagged for a lactation study. While Kachemak Bay has critical habitat designation, much of Cook Inlet does not, making it susceptible to oil and gas exploration, human degradation, and need for more future studies and conservation efforts. |
| 97 |
Cultural Evolution of Song in a Species of Concern: the Seaside Sparrow
Kate R Lewin1, Melissa Hughes1, Aaron Given2, Courtney Murren1, Allan Strand1 et al.(1) College of Charleston; (2) Kiawah Conservancy
Cultural Evolution of Song in a Species of Concern: the Seaside SparrowKate R Lewin1, Melissa Hughes1, Aaron Given2, Courtney Murren1, Allan Strand1 et al.(1) College of Charleston; (2) Kiawah ConservancyStudying temporal variation in birdsong can help us understand patterns of similarity and divergence in learned vocal behavior and inform conservation monitoring. MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) is a nonmigratory subspecies of conservation concerns that inhabits coastal marshes along the southeastern US. We investigated cultural evolution in song of a genetically-isolated population in Charleston County, SC by comparing 2002 recordings to 2025. Songs were represented by sequences of acoustic elements and compared them using pairwise similarity metrics and used hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) to identify song patterns. We conducted both song-level and individual-level analyses to evaluate changes in song structure and repertoire composition. These results may help us understand long-term dynamics of vocal behavior and demonstrate the potential of acoustic monitoring for detecting change in a species of conservation concern. |
| 99 |
Field Cephalometry Addendum: An Improvement on Small Mammal Field Morphometric Data Sets
Danielle N Lee1, Julia C Steltenpohl1 et al.(1) Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Field Cephalometry Addendum: An Improvement on Small Mammal Field Morphometric Data Sets Danielle N Lee1, Julia C Steltenpohl1 et al.(1) Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleWhile working with live specimens in the field, processing subjects with the least amount of stress or disruption possible is ideal. Field measurements are the basis of live-specimen field ecology. Alternatively, in zooarchaeology measurements of bone, skeletal and cranial features are done best without obstruction from living or non-living tissue, debris, or other objects embedded in or attached to bone because it complicates measuring techniques. This operating procedure marries zooarchaeological and field ecology morphometric approaches to enrich ecology and natural history-derived morphometric data sets for small mammals. We offer a harmless, quick, and close to accurate cranial measurement protocol that can be taken during natural history or ecological field collection activities. For ease of comparison across age, sex, species, and environment the three measurements proposed in this procedure are interparietal bone width (IPBW), palatal breadth (PB), and tooth row length (TRL). Combined, they provide a rough estimate of cranial size utilizing a geometric morphometric landmark approach. |
| 101 |
Habitat fluctuation impacts male pupfish reproductive behavior
Natalie vanBreukelen1, Jennifer Snekser2 et al.(1) Loyola University Maryland; (2) Canisius University
Habitat fluctuation impacts male pupfish reproductive behaviorNatalie vanBreukelen1, Jennifer Snekser2 et al.(1) Loyola University Maryland; (2) Canisius UniversityBehavioral responses to changing environments allow animals to survive in unpredictable environments. Studying this phenomenon requires natural models where short-term behavioral changes can be observed. We examined male reproductive behavior across two breeding seasons in a population of hybrid Pecos pupfish which breeds in a unique environment where they experience robust daily environmental changes. We first found that males engage in more reproduction early in the day compared to evening when water temperature is higher. We then examined male behavior in varying microhabitats by comparing two different ephemeral pool types to observe behavioral response to predictable diel change (pools connected to the main creek) versus stochastic fluctuation (isolated pools). We confirmed that pools differed ecologically, with significantly more irregularities in isolated pools. Male behavior differed significantly between morning and evening and between the two microhabitats. These findings indicate that this population of hybrid pupfish immediately responds to fluctuating habitats via behavioral adjustments and is an excellent model to understand rapid responses to changing climates. |
| 103 |
Project Dragonfly: Broadening Participation in Animal Behavior via Inquiry and Experiential Learning
Laura A. Abondano1, Amanda Berlinski1, Mackenzie Borau2, Tara T. Chudoba3, Cassandra E. M. Lyon4, Stacey M. Panteck5, Jennifer Riddle4, Sharon Spencer6, Amy T. Sullivan1, Julia C. Walz7, Katie L. Feilen1 et al.(1) Miami University; (2) San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance; (3) Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo; (4) Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden; (5) Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; (6) Jacksonville Zoo and Botanical Gardens; (7) Woodland Park Zoo
Project Dragonfly: Broadening Participation in Animal Behavior via Inquiry and Experiential Learning Laura A. Abondano1, Amanda Berlinski1, Mackenzie Borau2, Tara T. Chudoba3, Cassandra E. M. Lyon4, Stacey M. Panteck5, Jennifer Riddle4, Sharon Spencer6, Amy T. Sullivan1, Julia C. Walz7, Katie L. Feilen1 et al.(1) Miami University; (2) San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance; (3) Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo; (4) Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden; (5) Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; (6) Jacksonville Zoo and Botanical Gardens; (7) Woodland Park ZooExpanding knowledge of animal behavior beyond disciplinary experts strengthens conservation efforts and increases public awareness of animals’ needs in both managed and natural environments. Miami University’s Project Dragonfly offers masters’ degrees in biology that combine online classes with experiential learning in collaboration with zoos, botanical gardens, and international conservation organizations. Students from diverse professional backgrounds design projects grounded in behavioral observation and systematic data collection, allowing them to test hypotheses by leveraging existing variation within managed care and field settings. Projects include action components that engage practitioners or local audiences through outreach, education, or conservation initiatives. By connecting behavioral inquiry with community engagement, this model helps extend the understanding of animal behavior beyond academic settings and supports informed conservation and welfare efforts across diverse contexts. |
| 105 |
Mushishi and Behavioral Ecology: Building the Bridge of Scientific Understanding
Matthew K LeFauve1, Billy A Tringali2 et al.(1) GZA GeoEnvironmental; (2) Indiana University
Mushishi and Behavioral Ecology: Building the Bridge of Scientific UnderstandingMatthew K LeFauve1, Billy A Tringali2 et al.(1) GZA GeoEnvironmental; (2) Indiana UniversityEncouraging a specific interest in behavioral ecology to a student or layperson can be challenging amidst other approachable topics in biology. Popular culture resources such as anime have been used as a mechanism to inspire a broad audience to connect their experiences with topics in science. Environmentalism and ecology have been widely explored across the anime genre and the message of ecological homeostasis is a core concept of one of the most well-received anime on Crunchyroll, Mushishi. Mushishi details the diversity of life as primordial organisms that can be found in almost every ecosystem and have roles in those ecosystems from mundane to fantastical. We evaluated the anime for explanations of core concepts in behavior. From those examples, we generated a survey to determine how a short clip could impart a specific example of the application of animal behavior using a neutral organism to the audience. This clip could be used across multiple levels of education, and our predicted results suggest that using mushishi will promote improved interest in learning about animal behavior and ecosystem homeostasis in student and layperson populations. |
| 107 |
Unadotsali: Embracing Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Building Belonging in STEM
Jessie Tanner1, 2, 3, Sedi Eastwood4, Alissa Baker5 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (3) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (4) Cherokee Nation Immersion School; (5) Tohi Consultation
Unadotsali: Embracing Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Building Belonging in STEMJessie Tanner1, 2, 3, Sedi Eastwood4, Alissa Baker5 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Tennessee; (3) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (4) Cherokee Nation Immersion School; (5) Tohi ConsultationAnimal behavior holds a central place in Cherokee Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Many Cherokee organism names describe animal behaviors or relationships between organisms, reflecting an important synthesis between language and behavioral ecology. Moreover, Cherokee’s polysynthetic grammar builds words from morphemes (word parts) with set meanings. A fluent speaker can hear a word for the first time and understand its meaning; Cherokee thus inherently communicates information about behavioral ecology along with new vocabulary. Cherokee is currently the focus of intensive language revitalization efforts. We are conducting community-engaged research to 1) document language about TEK through interviews with first-language speakers and knowledge-keepers, 2) build science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) curriculum for the Cherokee Nation’s Immersion School, 3) determine whether engaging with TEK and polysynthetic language together improves ecological thinking and problem-solving, and 4) build belonging in STEM among Indigenous students, who are underrepresented. Our approach emphasizes Indigenous data sovereignty and contributes to language and cultural revitalization. |
| 109 |
Genetics and evolution of rhythmic signals and preferences in courtship
Kerry Shaw1(1) Cornell University
Genetics and evolution of rhythmic signals and preferences in courtship Kerry Shaw1(1) Cornell UniversityMating behavior in animals is a complex, multimodal phenotype. Mating song is a common element, a consequence of rhythmic motor output, and accompanying responses and preferences to songs. Varying temporal patterns of mating songs often coincide with distinct species. These unique sexual signals can form the basis of a reproductive barrier, marking it as one of the earliest steps in speciation. Identifying genes underlying natural variation in acoustic behavior is important for understanding 1) what genes are free to change, 2) how that evolution occurs (whether through small or large steps, deleterious mutation and compensation, or redundancy and elaboration and/or novelty), and 3) how senders and receivers coevolve. In this poster, I discuss genetic studies and promising candidate genes of a relatively simple insect acoustic communication system, the calling song and acoustic preference of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala. Behavioral variation and the inferred mode of genetic evolution of song and acoustic preference are combined with recent results on the neural circuitry of cricket song and response from other systems to suggest rhythmic behavioral mechanisms of evolution. |
| 111 |
Life After Behavioral Euthanasia: Guardians' Emotional Attachment & Practices with Subsequent Dogs
Kristine Adams1(1) University of Edinburgh
Life After Behavioral Euthanasia: Guardians' Emotional Attachment & Practices with Subsequent Dogs Kristine Adams1(1) University of EdinburghThe human-animal bond can deteriorate, leading guardians to euthanize for behavior-related concerns. Such decisions are often ethically complex and distressing. Research has examined guardians' responses to pet loss and medical euthanasia (ME), the effects of behavior euthanasia (BE) remain unexamined. This study investigated how BE influenced guardians' subsequent acquisition decisions, training approaches, and emotional outcomes. A total of 411 participants completed an online survey, after euthanizing a dog (228 BE, 183 ME) reporting on euthanized and subsequent dogs, enabling within-subject comparisons across domains. Quantitative data were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests. Participants that experienced BE placed greater importance on behavioral history and temperament and were more likely to discontinue aversive methods in training. Overall attachment was strong across both groups. These findings suggest that BE may be associated with lasting changes in future dog guardianship. |
| 113 |
Benefits of polyandry in the marbled salamander, Amybstoma opacum: insights from parentage analysis
Rebecca E Hale1, David Scott2, Stacey L Lance2, Todd Pierson3 et al.(1) University of North Carolina Asheville; (2) Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia; (3) Kennesaw State University
Benefits of polyandry in the marbled salamander, Amybstoma opacum: insights from parentage analysisRebecca E Hale1, David Scott2, Stacey L Lance2, Todd Pierson3 et al.(1) University of North Carolina Asheville; (2) Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia; (3) Kennesaw State UniversityFemales may benefit from mating with multiple males, even in the absence of direct benefits. For example, fertilizations may be sperm-limited such that multiple matings are necessary to ensure all eggs are fertilized. Females may also benefit by increasing genetic diversity among their offspring. Further, multiple-mating may result when females seek the highest quality mate, and mate with multiple males only as a by-product of sequentially searching for higher quality mates. Using genetic parentage analyses, we attempt to tease apart these hypotheses in the marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum). Male Ambystoma do not provide parental care and although they deposit spermatophores, there is no evidence that these provide material benefits. Females can mate with multiple males before locating a nest site and depositing embryos. We tested each of the hypotheses in an enclosure study in which females had the opportunity to mate with 1, 2, or 4 males. Using RADcap, we quantified the extent of polyandry and the paternity skew among fathers within nests using RADcap. Here, we report on the preliminary results of this study. |
| 115 |
Hummingbird Visitation and Aggression at Feeders of Varying Sugar Concentrations
Anya E. Mitton-Fry1,2,3(1) The Ohio State University; (2) Carleton College; (3) School for International Training
Hummingbird Visitation and Aggression at Feeders of Varying Sugar ConcentrationsAnya E. Mitton-Fry1,2,3(1) The Ohio State University; (2) Carleton College; (3) School for International TrainingAnimals are expected to preferentially exploit high-quality food sources to maximize net energy gain when foraging and may defend these sources to maintain access. Hummingbirds (family Trochilidae) face high metabolic costs and rely on frequent feeding bouts, and many will defend food sources through aggressive behaviors. This study manipulated sugar concentration (20%, 10%, 5%) in three closely located hummingbird feeders and measured hummingbird visitation and aggression. I predicted that the 20% sugar feeder would receive the most visits and have the highest ratio of aggressions per visit. There was a significant difference in the mean number of visits per day at the 20% sugar feeder compared to both the 10% and 5% sugar feeders. The ratio of aggressions per visit was highest at the 20% sugar feeder and was significantly different than that of the 5% sugar feeder. This indicates that high-quality resources are exploited more and suggests that variation in resource defense may only be noticeable when there is a large difference in resource quality. These results provide insights into hummingbird foraging behavior and the impact of resource quality on aggression. |
| 117 |
Does song frequency or pulse number drive phonotaxis in female G. pennsylvanicus fall field crickets?
Susan N Gershman1, Troy A Bowers2 et al.(1) The Ohio State University at Marion; (2) The Ohio State University
Does song frequency or pulse number drive phonotaxis in female G. pennsylvanicus fall field crickets?Susan N Gershman1, Troy A Bowers2 et al.(1) The Ohio State University at Marion; (2) The Ohio State UniversityField crickets are a model for behavioral isolation based on song characteristics. Because Gryllus pennsylvanicus do not share a mating season and microhabitat with other field crickets, there has not been selection for G. pennsylvanicus to modify male song or female preference to avoid interactions with heterospecifics. Velarifictorus micado now occupies the same microhabitats and mating season as G. pennsylvanicus. The songs of the two species differ in number of pulses per chirp and sound frequency, although the frequency of V. micado song is within the frequency tuning of female G. pennsylvanicus. In arena trials, most female G. pennsylvanicus are not attracted to V. micado song. To determine whether phonotaxis in female G. pennsylvanicus depends primarily on sound frequency or pulse number, we created artificial songs with V. micado frequency but G. pennsylvanicus number of pulses and songs with G. pennsylvanicus frequency but V. micado number of pulses. In no-choice trials of these two artificial songs, unaltered G. pennsylvanicus song and unaltered V. micado song, we measured female latency to approach speakers and time spent near speakers. Come see what we found! |
| 119 |
Social Environment Shapes Gut Microbiome of Sailfin Mollies (Poecilla latipinna)
Shala Hankison1, Ian Sander1, Doy Kim1, Sophia Rohr1, Andrea Suria1 et al.(1) Ohio Wesleyan University
Social Environment Shapes Gut Microbiome of Sailfin Mollies (Poecilla latipinna)Shala Hankison1, Ian Sander1, Doy Kim1, Sophia Rohr1, Andrea Suria1 et al.(1) Ohio Wesleyan UniversityThe gut microbiome plays a key role in host health and behavior. In fish, gut-brain interaction has shown that environmental changes impact the gut microbiome composition and population health. However, little is known about how social structures affect microbiome composition and diversity. Male sailfin mollies are often competitive intrasexually and persistent with females, exhibiting mating displays from courting males or sneaky behaviors from small males. Female sailfin mollies were housed with and without male conspecifics to isolate the impact of specific social behaviors. We collected fecal samples and sequenced purified bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Alpha and beta diversity analyses identified 3,793 unique amplicon sequence variants. Shannon diversity exhibited the greatest dispersion in female-female groups, while isolated females showed the highest but least variable diversity. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity revealed that female gut microbiome composition differed by social condition, suggesting that social interaction-mediated microbial restructuring. These findings highlight social behavior as an important and underexplored driver of microbial community dynamics. |
| 121 |
Farming Under Pressure: How Stress Affects Cooperative Defensive Mutualism in Western Thatch Ants
Emily Lara Harding1, Chloe Loveland1, Joshua B. Grinath2, Jessica A. Cusick1 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) Idaho State University
Farming Under Pressure: How Stress Affects Cooperative Defensive Mutualism in Western Thatch AntsEmily Lara Harding1, Chloe Loveland1, Joshua B. Grinath2, Jessica A. Cusick1 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) Idaho State UniversityEnvironmental stressors can influence behaviors needed for mutualistic relationships. In defensive mutualism, stress could affect individuals’ ability to cooperate to defend their mutualistic partner. Thatch ants (Formica obscuripes) engage in defensive mutualism with honeydew-producing aphids: ants aggressively defend aphids from predators in exchange for the sugary compounds aphids produced. Simulated stress affects the degree of ant aggressiveness during aphid defense, but how stress affects ant cooperation during defense is unclear. To investigate how simulated stress affects ant recruitment and group defense of aphids, we exposed thatch ants tending aphids (n=9 control, n=8 stress) to a freeze-dried ladybeetle (an aphid predator) for one minute across two time points during the summer. We scored how many ants were engaged, when other ants joined, and whether antennation occurred when joining. The maximum number of ants attacking lady beetles during the first timepoint increased slightly during the second time point. Ants joined without contact less in stressed colonies. Our study gives us insight into how stressors may impact crucial aspects of cooperative defensive behavior. |
| 123 |
Effects of social isolation on adult black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) behavior and neurobiology
Mariangeles Zacarias1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Indiana University Indianapolis
Effects of social isolation on adult black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) behavior and neurobiology Mariangeles Zacarias1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Indiana University IndianapolisSocial isolation can lead to changes in animal behavior, longevity, and neural development that may be mediated through a disruption of energy homeostasis. While eusocial insects are known to be significantly impacted by social isolation, emerging evidence indicates that less-social insects, such as fruit flies, can also be affected. We assessed if longevity, activity patterns, and neurobiology of adult black soldier flies (BSF) are impacted by social isolation; further, we assessed if the inclusion of a single, same-sex conspecific could rescue any effects of isolation when compared to group-housed flies. Contrary to data in fruit flies, we show that socially isolated BSF live longer than both paired and group-housed flies. Locomotor activity also differed between grouped and isolated flies, with isolation reducing activity. Isolation did not cause any volumetric changes in the brain. Greater comparative research across less-social insects that vary in dimensions of their conspecific interaction could shed light on what features of sociality mediate these divergent effects of isolation. |
| 125 |
Effects of acute thermal stress on social behavior in guinea pigs
Oriana.G Vargas1, Adriana A Maldonado1,2 et al.(1) School of Science and Engineering, Universidad del Rosario; (2) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
Effects of acute thermal stress on social behavior in guinea pigsOriana.G Vargas1, Adriana A Maldonado1,2 et al.(1) School of Science and Engineering, Universidad del Rosario; (2) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Anthropogenic climate change is altering environmental thermal profiles, yet its effects on animal social structures remain poorly understood. This study examines how acute thermal stress affects the social dynamics of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). We used eight social groups (N = 4 per enclosure) under three temperature conditions: 19°C (control), 25°C (moderate stress), and 35°C (high stress). To mimic natural heat waves, temperatures increased during peak daytime hours (11:00–15:00) for five consecutive days. Peripheral body temperature was recorded every five minutes using iButton loggers, while social behavior was monitored with cameras. Behavioral data are being analyzed with BehaveIA to quantify affiliative and agonistic interactions. Preliminary results show that individuals exposed to 35°C maintained elevated body temperatures after treatment, suggesting prolonged recovery. We aim to determine whether these physiological changes are associated with reduced affiliative behavior or increased agonistic interactions. This study highlights the importance of integrating physiological and social responses to predict species resilience under rising temperatures. |
Thursday, July 16
7:30 AM – 8:00 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Morning Coffee
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8:00 AM – 9:00 AM
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Pavillion
Plenary Session - Lien Luong
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| 8:00 |
Be afraid, be very afraid: Parasitism and the ecology of fear
Lien Luong1(1) University of Alberta
Be afraid, be very afraid: Parasitism and the ecology of fearLien Luong1(1) University of AlbertaThe conceptual framework of the "ecology of fear" and non-consumptive effects (NCEs) focus on changes in an organism’s behaviour, morphology, or physiology due to the mere presence of predators. There is growing evidence of analogous NCEs arising from exposure to parasites (sans infection). Studies on the Drosophila nigrospiracula – Macrocheles subbadius study system revealed a suite of parasite-induced NCEs. We found that NCEs trade off with other life-history traits, resulting in reduced host survival and fecundity. Even fly larvae and pupae, which are not parasitized by mites, experience NCEs. Simulation models show that when fly larvae experience just NCEs it is sufficient to reduce fly population growth. Flies previously exposed to parasites exhibited lower feeding and mating success, even after the threat was removed. When flies are faced with either predatory and parasitic threats, the responses are diametrically opposed. As such, flies exposed to mites in the presence of a predator incur higher rates of infection, apparently prioritizing predation risk over parasite avoidance. Our findings suggest we have been underestimating the total cost of living in an infectious world. |
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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9:30 AM – 12:00 PM
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Pavillion
Symposium: Ai Insights into Animal Behavior Concepts (1)
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Rookwood
Foraging and Predation
Chairs: Claire Hemingway, James Lichtenstein |
Rosewood
Applied Behavior: Companion Animals
Chairs: Steffanie Burk, Mindy Waite |
Salon F & G
Behavior and Conservation
Chairs: Alexander Berry, Anahit Amiri |
Salon H & I
Social Communication
Chairs: Nakul Wewhare, Rindy Anderson |
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| 9:30 |
Conceptual advances from the application of machine learning in the study of animal behavior: an introduction
Emily DuVal1(1) Florida State University
Conceptual advances from the application of machine learning in the study of animal behavior: an introductionEmily DuVal1(1) Florida State UniversityMachine learning and artificial intelligence are new analytical tools changing the way we approach complex, interconnected problems in animal behavior. They are also a key part of changing funding priorities that offer distinct opportunities for researchers in the field of animal behavior. In this symposium introduction, I will provide a short overview of AI and ML approaches, from early predictive models and image-based deep learning to current frontiers of multimodal and foundation models that integrate behavior across data types. I will then connect these general and modern analytical approaches to the central aims and guiding principles of the study of animal behavior. Rather than focusing on the underlying mathematics, this talk will focus on establishing a general foundation for considering how these new methodologies support discovery, hypothesis generation, pattern finding, and decision-making across multiple data types in animal behavior. Subsequent talks in the symposium will illustrate applications of these approaches, highlight conceptual advances that they are producing, and consider the current frontiers for the applications in the field of animal behavior. |
Reward contrast mitigates choice overload in foraging bumblebees
Claire Hemingway1,2,3, Olivia Harris1,3, Phoebe Riser1,3, Victoria Nalls1, Griffin Ward1, Jessie Tanner1,2,3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; (2) University of Tennessee, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience; (3) University of Tennessee, Collaborative for Animal Behavior; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Reward contrast mitigates choice overload in foraging bumblebeesClaire Hemingway1,2,3, Olivia Harris1,3, Phoebe Riser1,3, Victoria Nalls1, Griffin Ward1, Jessie Tanner1,2,3 et al.(1) University of Tennessee, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; (2) University of Tennessee, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience; (3) University of Tennessee, Collaborative for Animal Behavior; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteDecision makers often benefit from multiple options, but increasing the number of alternatives can degrade performance when cognitive limits are reached, known as choice overload. In humans, choice overload reduces decision accuracy and increases decision latency, particularly when options are similar. Whether non-human animals experience comparable constraints during ecologically relevant decisions remains unclear. We tested whether foraging bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) experience choice overload when encountering multiple flower types and whether it depends on reward structure. In experiments, bees encountered a higher-reward target flower and either 1, 3 or 5 lower-reward distractor types. We manipulated reward contrasts between targets and distractors, and overall choice-set quality, and measured choice accuracy and latency. The effect of option number on accuracy depended on reward contrast: bees maintained high accuracy when differences were large, but not when they were similar. Overall choice-set quality did not affect accuracy. These results indicate bumblebees are sensitive to assortment complexity, but overload is reduced when reward differences are salient. |
Veterinary Clinic Referrals to Canine Trainers and Veterinary Behaviorists
Steffanie V. Burk1, Bennett Grooms1, Maddy G. Gaber1, Elizabeth Feltes2 et al.(1) Otterbein University; (2) The Behavior Clinic
Veterinary Clinic Referrals to Canine Trainers and Veterinary BehavioristsSteffanie V. Burk1, Bennett Grooms1, Maddy G. Gaber1, Elizabeth Feltes2 et al.(1) Otterbein University; (2) The Behavior ClinicVeterinarians often advise clients regarding canine behavioral issues. A survey was emailed to 881 Ohio veterinary clinics, with 72 responses. Of responding clinics, 80.6% referred clients to dog trainers, and 57.5% referred to veterinary behaviorists. Of referring clinics, 25.0% referred solely to trainers who use aversive training methods, 37.5% referred to both trainers who use aversive training methods and those who use positive reinforcement, and 37.5% referred solely to trainers who use positive reinforcement. Food rewards (91.9%) and petting/verbal praise (95.2%) were more likely to be marked as “strongly favored” or “somewhat favored” by veterinary staff than chain collars (12.9%), prong collars (15.9%), or electronic collars (3.2%). A large proportion of respondents neither favored nor opposed chain collars (32.3%), prong collars (23.8%), or electronic collars (25.8%). Most respondents (62.9%) “strongly favored” or “somewhat favored” correcting undesirable behaviors. Additional education is needed to better align veterinary referrals with the position statement of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, which discourages the use of aversive training methods. |
Predicting Context-Dependent Sexual Behavior and Its Role on Population Dynamics for Conservation Management
Pratush Brahma1, St. Mary Colette1,2 et al.(1) University of Florida; (2) National Science Foundation
Predicting Context-Dependent Sexual Behavior and Its Role on Population Dynamics for Conservation ManagementPratush Brahma1, St. Mary Colette1,2 et al.(1) University of Florida; (2) National Science FoundationThe spread of invasive species and the range expansion of native species both often entail population expansion from small population size. How reproductive behavior contributes to this phenomenon is key. Here we model optimal density dependent reproductive behavior and consider how mismatches between behavior and experienced density contribute to population expansion. We model invasive fish species (African Jewelfish) and implement population simulations under various density scenarios. First, we use dynamic state variable models to predict the optimal reproductive strategies for males and females at varying densities: low, lower intermediate, higher intermediate, and high. Then, we run individual-based simulations to observe how these strategies perform in both matching and mismatching density conditions. Finally,we extrapolate these findings into population level simulations to understand their broader impact on population dynamics. Our integrative approach reveals how variation in reproductive behavior contributes to population expansion,can inform the control of invasive species and may also inform other broader conservation efforts, such as range shift under changing climate. |
Classic drivers of signal evolution explain female song in antbirds
Renata Beco1, Gabriel Macedo2, Gustavo Bravo3, Oscar Johnson4,5, Amy Luo1, Robb Brumfield5, Elizabeth Derryberry1 et al.(1) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Biology, Duke University; (3) Colecciones Ornitológicas, Centro de Colecciones y Gestión de Especies, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; (4) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University; (5) Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
Classic drivers of signal evolution explain female song in antbirdsRenata Beco1, Gabriel Macedo2, Gustavo Bravo3, Oscar Johnson4,5, Amy Luo1, Robb Brumfield5, Elizabeth Derryberry1 et al.(1) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (2) Department of Biology, Duke University; (3) Colecciones Ornitológicas, Centro de Colecciones y Gestión de Especies, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; (4) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University; (5) Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State UniversityDespite growing recognition that female bird song is widespread, large-scale comparative tests of its evolutionary drivers remain rare. Most studies have focused on male traits, leaving open whether ecological, morphological, and social pressures shape female song. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to test three classic hypotheses of signal evolution—acoustic adaptation, morphological adaptation, and species recognition—using female song in antbirds (Thamnophilidae), a socially monogamous Neotropical clade with widespread female vocalizations. Habitat structure and morphology constrained multiple song traits: species in closed habitats produced fewer notes, slower-paced songs, and lower vocal performance, and larger females with larger bills produced longer songs with lower peak frequency, narrower bandwidth, and lower performance. Syntopic species pairs exhibited reduced vocal similarity. Together, these results provide a rare comparative test of signal evolution using female song and highlight the importance of incorporating females to understand signal diversity. |
| 9:45 |
Machine learning animal behaviors from field and crowd-sourced imagery
Andrew Hein1(1) Cornell University, Department of Computational Biology
Machine learning animal behaviors from field and crowd-sourced imageryAndrew Hein1(1) Cornell University, Department of Computational BiologyFields like systems neuroscience and computational ethology are increasingly relying on high-dimensional, precision quantification of animal behavior in laboratory experiments to understand the mechanisms and logic of animal behavior. These measurements leverage advancements in machine learning that seek to discover structure in behavioral sequences de novo from data. I will discuss how similar strategies can be used to study behavior of wild animals using imagery from the field and from open online nature imagery platforms. Using collective behavior and predator-prey interactions as case studies, I will show how these approaches can provide fundamental new insights about the behaviors that shape fitness in the wild. |
Efficacy of floral signals and bumblebee foraging behavior in UV-deficient environments
Olivia Harris1, Jessie Tanner1, Claire Hemingway1 et al.(1) University of Tennessee
Efficacy of floral signals and bumblebee foraging behavior in UV-deficient environmentsOlivia Harris1, Jessie Tanner1, Claire Hemingway1 et al.(1) University of TennesseeFlowers have evolved intricate visual displays to attract pollinators. Floral generalists like bumblebees rely on these visual signals for efficient foraging. Ultraviolet (UV) light plays a critical role in guiding bees’ foraging behavior, with many bee-pollinated plants exhibiting short-wavelength colors, like UV and blue. However, in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA, e.g., greenhouses, indoor grow facilities), UV light is greatly reduced or eliminated. Here, we investigated how these light conditions interact with UV floral signals to affect foraging behavior in common eastern bumblebees (Bombus impatiens). We hypothesized that UV-deficient environments affect the efficacy of floral signals by reducing floral contrast and saliency. To test this, we presented foraging bees with arrays of UV-patterned flowers displayed against simple or complex backgrounds under three lighting conditions (full UV, limited UV, no UV). We measured foraging latency, search time between flower visits, and total number of flowers visited. Our results will inform agricultural practices, especially as CEA plays an important role in mitigating the effects of climate change on crop production. |
Investigating how rider and horse movement influences horse behavior during mounted equine-assisted services
Bethany Baxley1,2, Nichole Anderson1, Anastasia Stellato3 et al.(1) Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine; (2) Lake Erie College; (3) Texas Tech University
Investigating how rider and horse movement influences horse behavior during mounted equine-assisted servicesBethany Baxley1,2, Nichole Anderson1, Anastasia Stellato3 et al.(1) Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine; (2) Lake Erie College; (3) Texas Tech UniversityHorses within equine-assisted services can display negative behavioral responses. This observational study examined how rider presence and posture, horse gait, and factors related to the horse, rider, and session influence behavioral indicators of stress in horses (N=22) across four PATH Intl-accredited centers. Measures of horse gait (via inertial unit sensors), behavior (via ethograms and ridden stress scale), and rider posture (via static images) were recorded during warmup and mounted sessions across three days. Regression analysis revealed that rider presence was associated with increased displays of neck above withers (p< 0.001) and head tossing (p< 0.001), and higher stress scores (p< 0.001). Adult riders were associated with increased displays of neck above withers (p< 0.001) and reduced biting (p=0.01). Rider left hip angle was associated with increased tail swishing (p< 0.001) and rider vertical displacement was associated with higher stress scores (p< 0.01). Horse stride length was associated with increased tail swishing (p=0.04) and head tossing (p=0.02). Findings highlight the influence of contextual and individual variables on horse behavior during therapeutic riding. |
Post-Translocation Movements and the Role of Conspecifics in Settlement Decisions of a Territorial Species
Marina Morandini1, John L. Koprowski2 et al.(1) The College of New Jersey; (2) University of Wyoming
Post-Translocation Movements and the Role of Conspecifics in Settlement Decisions of a Territorial SpeciesMarina Morandini1, John L. Koprowski2 et al.(1) The College of New Jersey; (2) University of WyomingAnimal translocations are frequently used in conservation programs to assist the recovery of endangered species. Understanding the factors contributing to extreme post-release movements is crucial for improving translocation efficacy. We examined post-release movement phases and habitat selection of translocated red squirrels (Tamiasciurus fremonti fremonti) in the White Mts of Arizona. Post-release movements of translocated red squirrels represent at least two different behavioral phases characterized by differences in movement patterns and the scale of selection for environmental features. During the first phase (“exploratory phase”), squirrels made long rapid movements and selected areas with taller trees and valley bottoms basing their landscape evaluation at relatively broad spatial scales (i.e., 500-600 m). In contrast, during the second behavioral phase (‘settlement phase’), squirrels seemed to behave like resident squirrels by displaying shorter movements within a smaller area, caching food, and defending their middens. Importantly, translocated squirrels also selected areas with fewer resident conspecifics. |
Evidence that vampire bats use vocal matching to address specific group members
Nakul Wewhare1, Julia K Vrtilek2, Gerald G Carter1,3,4 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) The Ohio State University; (3) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Evidence that vampire bats use vocal matching to address specific group membersNakul Wewhare1, Julia K Vrtilek2, Gerald G Carter1,3,4 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) The Ohio State University; (3) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteIn group-living animals, individuals can often benefit from directing vocalizations to specific individuals. Common vampire bats form cooperative relationships with certain group members. In the complete darkness of their roosts, they recognize and find these social partners using individually variable contact calls. But how can a calling bat “address” a specific recipient in a dark, crowded, and noisy environment? Studies of dolphins and parrots suggest that callers can increase the likelihood of response by producing a call that resembles the intended receiver’s calls. To test this vocal matching hypothesis, we recorded vocal interactions within isolated pairs of 8 bats. To determine if call responses were predicted by vocal matching, we first quantified pairwise call similarity using DTW. We then fit a model to determine if the probability of a response was greater when a bat’s calls were more similar to the partner’s previous calls. We found that receivers were more likely to respond to calls that were more similar to their own recent calls. These results support that vampire bats use rapid vocal convergence to address specific social partners. |
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Waggle Dance Communication Reveals How Honey Bees Navigate Early-Season Resources in Agricultural Landscapes
Wade Pike1, Clare Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of Kentucky
Waggle Dance Communication Reveals How Honey Bees Navigate Early-Season Resources in Agricultural LandscapesWade Pike1, Clare Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of KentuckyHoney bees (Apis mellifera) communicate profitable floral resources through the waggle dance, allowing inference of colony-level foraging across landscapes. The late-winter–early-spring (LWES) period is a critical transition, as overwintered foragers must locate patchy, unpredictable resources to support colony growth. Despite its importance, landscape-scale foraging during this period remains poorly understood. Previous work suggests proximity to croplands with winter annuals may improve colony growth. Here, we use waggle dance decoding and landscape analysis to examine how foragers prioritize resources during LWES. Observation hives were placed at sites with high or low winter annual abundance (N=3 per group). Winter annual abundance was quantified using quadrat sampling within 200 m of each hive. We decoded 12 hours of waggle dances to estimate foraging direction and distance. Ongoing analyses map decoded vectors onto landscapes using ground surveys, ArcGIS, and NLCD data to identify visited resources. Results will identify preferred landscape features and test whether foraging shifts with near-hive winter annual abundance. |
How Accurate Are R+ Claims? A Review of Online Equine Trailer‑Training Videos
Helena G. Harris1, Sue M. McDonnell1 et al.(1) University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
How Accurate Are R+ Claims? A Review of Online Equine Trailer‑Training Videos Helena G. Harris1, Sue M. McDonnell1 et al.(1) University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePositive reinforcement (R+) training has long been recognized as an effective, welfare-friendly form of operant conditioning for horses, particularly for introducing them to certain domestic husbandry conditions that are contrary to natural behavior. In practice, R+ appears to be frequently misunderstood and inconsistently taught. To assess how accurately R+ is represented in readily accessible training demonstrations, we analyzed 20 online videos in which trainers claimed to use R+ to teach horses to load into transportation vehicles (trailer-training). Fewer than half of the trainers (8 of 20) used R+ exclusively. An additional three used greater than 90% R+. Of the remaining nine videos, seven relied mostly on R+ (55–82%), while two used very little (16–23%). Among the videos, the percentage of trainer actions representing R+ (vs alternative operant actions) was strongly positively associated with positive behavioral responses by the horses and progress toward the goal of loading (Pearson R=0.94, 18 df, P< 0.0001). These findings indicate that online content presented as R+ training can be misleading. They also highlight the effectiveness of using mostly R+ methods. |
Thrill or trap? Conflict coyotes thrive in urban chaos
Yizi Li1, Ben Dantzer2, Jack T. Evans3, Glen Cartwright4, Sarah Benson-Amram1 et al.(1) University of British Columbia; (2) University of Michigan; (3) Ministry of Water, Land, and Natural Resource Stewardship; (4) British Columbia Trappers Association
Thrill or trap? Conflict coyotes thrive in urban chaosYizi Li1, Ben Dantzer2, Jack T. Evans3, Glen Cartwright4, Sarah Benson-Amram1 et al.(1) University of British Columbia; (2) University of Michigan; (3) Ministry of Water, Land, and Natural Resource Stewardship; (4) British Columbia Trappers AssociationUrbanization presents both ecological opportunities and physiological challenges to wildlife, shaping their behavior, health, and physiology. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have recently expanded into densely populated metropolitan regions across North America, accompanied by increasing human–coyote conflict. To assess the physiological consequences of city-dwelling, we necropsied and sampled coyotes from conflict conditions along an urban–rural gradient in Fraser River Lowlands, Canada, and quantified hair cortisol concentration (HCC). To identify key predictors, we applied linear regressions incorporating body condition indices derived from biometric measurements and habitat parameters obtained from landscape mapping analyses. Preliminary results indicate that elevated HCC is predicted by parasite status, but reduced HCC in individuals occupying more urbanized habitats, suggesting habituation to disturbances and utilizing anthropogenic resources. The study highlights the complexity of assessing physiology in free-ranging urban wildlife and underscores the importance of understanding stress modulation to predict conflicts and inform evidence-based management strategies for coexistence. |
Effects of stress on vocal activity, social dynamics and acoustic fine structure in zebra finches
Celia R McLean1, Wangchen Pei1, Nora H Prior1 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Cornell University
Effects of stress on vocal activity, social dynamics and acoustic fine structure in zebra finchesCelia R McLean1, Wangchen Pei1, Nora H Prior1 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Cornell UniversityWhile stress is known to have profound effects on animal vocal behavior, these effects may vary greatly by the type of stressor experienced. Prior work has revealed that birds are extremely sensitive to acoustic fine structure (AFS) cues, which likely encode multiple types of information. This subtle variation in acoustic structure could more finely encode differences in the nature of stressors. Here we examine how zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata, n=30) encode different stressful experiences: being socially isolated or subject to a light restraint. We characterize calls in terms of vocal activity and the subtle differences in the individual periods extracted from call waveforms (AFS). Preliminary analyses reveal that stress experience is encoded in bird calls in multiple ways. Call output varied as a factor of stressor type as well as a bird’s role (focal or partner). Ongoing AFS analyses will reveal how the acoustic content of calls is affected by these different stressors. This is the first time this approach has been used to examine whether internal state is reflected in AFS, and it emphasizes the importance of not treating all stressors as equivalent. |
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From Anecdote to Evidence: Studying Rare Behavior with AI
Shir Bar1(1) Massachusetts Institute of Technology
From Anecdote to Evidence: Studying Rare Behavior with AIShir Bar1(1) Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMany behaviors central to ecology and evolution are brief, rare, and easy to miss. Using two case studies in larval fish, I argue that artificial intelligence (AI) can advance rare-behavior research in two complementary ways. One is targeted measurement: making hard-to-observe behaviors of interest measurable. In larval sea bream, AI detection of prey-capture strikes in video from large mesocosms enabled estimates of strike rates outside the laboratory, revealing lower rates than lab studies had suggested and variation with temperature but not with other environmental variables. The other is exploratory search: helping researchers find unusual events before they have been formalized as behavioral categories. In larval zebrafish, I used AI to identify unusual kinematic events in pose-derived trajectories and guide expert review, even when such events made up only 0.02% of the data. Together, these examples show that AI can expand the empirical study of rare behavior not simply through automation, but through interdisciplinary research that adapts computational tools to the biological system and integrates expert knowledge into how rare events are defined, identified, and evaluated. |
Pollination efficacy varies with pollinator size and foraging behavior
Sydney Baldwin1, Laura Russo1 et al.(1) University of Tennessee
Pollination efficacy varies with pollinator size and foraging behaviorSydney Baldwin1, Laura Russo1 et al.(1) University of TennesseeThe mutualism between plants and pollinators is increasingly at risk due to anthropogenic change. It is crucial to conserve this mutualism to maintain healthy ecosystems and agricultural production, but we still do not know what attributes make flower-visiting insects effective pollinators. To explore this question, we examined three different attributes of flower-visiting insects: foraging behavior (visit duration and resource foraged), body size, and species identity. Over two years, we collected field data on pollinator efficacy (seed set) through single-visit observations on Asteraceae plants. Visit duration had a positive effect on seed set, with the resource collected (pollen vs nectar) predicting visit duration. However, pollination efficiency (seeds per second) interacted with pollinator body size. Although small bees had the highest visit duration, visits from large bees resulted in a higher seed set. The species identity of pollinators did not influence seed set, but honeybees had a significantly higher pollination efficiency than any other genus, meaning they set more seeds per second visit duration than other visiting insects. |
Exploring Off-Premise Treatments for Chronically Fearful Shelter Dogs
Regina Willen1(1) Halok9behavior
Exploring Off-Premise Treatments for Chronically Fearful Shelter DogsRegina Willen1(1) Halok9behaviorChronic fear is the most challenging behavior problems for shelter dogs, leading to diminished welfare, failure to adapt, and euthanasia. Our previous work demonstrated that human interaction was sufficient to alleviate the initial fear dogs exhibit upon entering a shelter, reducing recommendation for euthanasia (Willen et al., 2019, Appl Anim Behav Sci, 217, 57-62). However, chronic fear is more challenging to treat in the shelter environment. Therefore, we have explored an off‑premise rehabilitation model at HaloK9Behavior for chronically fearful dogs. Our facility is structured to reduce environmental stress through homelike living spaces, predictable routines, and limited exposure to overwhelming stimuli. Each dog receives an individualized treatment plan incorporating both human and canine social interactions. Anecdotal observations suggest that dogs exhibiting severe, treatment‑resistant fear in shelters show significant improvement once removed from the shelter environment and placed in our setting. We will report on the nature of this facility, the procedures used to assess chronic fear and its reduction, and the initial results of dogs undergoing 30-day treatment plans. |
Minimum infection level for canine detection of powdery mildew
Hannah G. Thorr1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Mizuho Nita2, Erica Feuerbacher3, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Canine Olfaction Lab, Animal and Food Sciences Department, Box 42141 Texas Tech University; (2) School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; (3) School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech
Minimum infection level for canine detection of powdery mildewHannah G. Thorr1, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa1, Mizuho Nita2, Erica Feuerbacher3, Nathaniel J. Hall1 et al.(1) Canine Olfaction Lab, Animal and Food Sciences Department, Box 42141 Texas Tech University; (2) School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; (3) School of Animal Sciences, Virginia TechPowdery mildew (Erysiphe necator; PM) is one of the most common fungal diseases, infecting grapevine leaves and berries to cause crucial production losses in quality and yield. Thus, early detection of PM can reduce the economic impact on vineyards. Prior work from our lab has demonstrated that detection dogs can detect PM infected leaves with an accuracy and sensitivity >95%. However, their limits of detection remain unknown. This experiment measured dogs’ ability to detect grape leaves with varying levels of PM infection. Two dogs were trained to detect PM using a 3-AFC paradigm. We then measured sensitivity to discriminate healthy leaves (controls) from varying infected PM leaves (e.g., 1-100% coverage of the leaf). Dogs showed >85% detection, 95% CI [0.80, 0.95] of >50% covered PM leaves and accuracy gradually decreased and dropped below 63%, 95% CI [0.51,0.73] for < 10% covered leaves. These procedures provide a foundation for assessing dog performance in detecting various PM infection levels on grape leaves. These methods also offer insight into initial steps in evaluating the feasibility of training dogs to detect PM in vineyards and other crop manufacturing systems. |
What's it all for? Lessons about complex vocal repertoires from 10 years studying Bachman's sparrow
Rindy Anderson1, Heather Wolverton1, Hans Gonzembach1, Jill Soha2 et al.(1) Florida Atlantic University; (2) Duke University
What's it all for? Lessons about complex vocal repertoires from 10 years studying Bachman's sparrowRindy Anderson1, Heather Wolverton1, Hans Gonzembach1, Jill Soha2 et al.(1) Florida Atlantic University; (2) Duke UniversityUnderstanding the evolution of complexity in animal communication remains a central challenge in behavioral ecology. We are addressing this question in Bachman’s sparrow, a new world sparrow with an unusually large repertoire. Males produce ~48 broadcast “primary” song types, quieter “whisper” versions, and a distinct, highly variable “complex song.” Our field data show extensive repertoire sharing (49% overlap between males in our population) and shared preferred song transitions, with both types of sharing independent of territory distance. Playback experiments demonstrate that complex songs function in male–male aggression and elicit the strongest territorial responses. Although complex songs vary across renditions, they are more similar within than among individuals, suggesting a role in individual identification. Complex song performance and diversity also correlate with male quality. In our laboratory rearing experiment, preferred transitions were not learned from tutors and complex songs were not produced. Together, these findings provide a foundation for testing how selection shapes the structure, function, and development of a complex communication system. |
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High-resolution biologging of a predator-prey system: variable responses by sifaka to fossa across scales
Tracy Montgomery1,3, Maevatiana Ratsimbazafindranahaka2,3, Zea Walton3, Meredith Lutz4, Dario Walser3, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin3, Teague O’Mara5, Damien Caillaud4, Rebecca Lewis6, Margaret Crofoot3 et al.(1) Michigan State University; (2) Centre for Studies on Risks, Mobility, Land Planning and the Environment; (3) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (4) University of California Davis; (5) Bat Conservation International; (6) University of Texas at Austin
High-resolution biologging of a predator-prey system: variable responses by sifaka to fossa across scalesTracy Montgomery1,3, Maevatiana Ratsimbazafindranahaka2,3, Zea Walton3, Meredith Lutz4, Dario Walser3, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin3, Teague O’Mara5, Damien Caillaud4, Rebecca Lewis6, Margaret Crofoot3 et al.(1) Michigan State University; (2) Centre for Studies on Risks, Mobility, Land Planning and the Environment; (3) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (4) University of California Davis; (5) Bat Conservation International; (6) University of Texas at AustinPredation shapes prey behavior through both direct killing and fear-driven effects, but fine-scale behavioral adjustments to changing risk are rarely tested because predator-prey encounters are hard to observe. We combined high-resolution biologging of predators and prey with long-term monitoring to examine responses across scales. In western Madagascar, we studied interactions between the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and Verreaux’s sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi). GPS and accelerometry during confirmed fossa approaches showed context-dependent immediate responses: in daytime, sifaka reduced activity and increased head-up posture when fossa were within 50 m, but effects faded quickly with distance. At night, sifaka increased activity and vigilance, and responses persisted after fossa moved away. However, sifaka showed little evidence of broader day-to-day behavioral shifts in relation to longer-term camera-trap estimates of predation risk. By linking predator movements, prey behavior, and predation risk, our results show that landscape-of-fear effects are shaped by both the nature of antipredator responses and the spatio-temporal scales at which they operate. |
Dog Bite Legal Case: Great Dane / Bernese Mountain Dog
Sheryl L. Walker1(1) Wonderful Animal Guidance Services
Dog Bite Legal Case: Great Dane / Bernese Mountain DogSheryl L. Walker1(1) Wonderful Animal Guidance ServicesThis presentation will highlight a dog bite case that I worked on as the Subject Matter Expert in Animal Behavior. The dog in question was a three-and-a-half-year-old, neutered, male, Great Dane and Bernese Mountain Dog mix, with no previous history of bites. However, he did have a history of Pruritus (itching), ear infections, and noise phobia. The victim is an 18-year-old female who presented to the Emergency Room for a scalp laceration due to a dog bite. I had to determine 1.) whether the Defendants had actual knowledge of a dangerous or vicious propensity of their dog such that they should have taken additional steps to prevent the bite, and 2.) if the dog was of a breed which under the given circumstances could have had dangerous or vicious propensities which would have harmed the victim. |
Cold Hardening as an Invasive Mechanism Between Species of Pholcids
Alexander D Berry1, Sam Cooney2, Ann Rypstra3 et al.(1) Buena Vista University; (2) Norton Healthcare; (3) Miami University
Cold Hardening as an Invasive Mechanism Between Species of PholcidsAlexander D Berry1, Sam Cooney2, Ann Rypstra3 et al.(1) Buena Vista University; (2) Norton Healthcare; (3) Miami UniversityInvasive species pose a threat to global ecosystems and native species. Invasive competitors can displace a native by a variety of pathways, including better tolerating harsh conditions. For temperate Arthropods, the freezing temperature of winter poses a major threat, and species better able to survive cold are at a competitive advantage. We test the hypothesis that cold tolerance and cold hardening could be mechanisms of invasion using Pholcus phalangioides and the invasive Pholcus manueli as models. Both species were exposed to an acute and a chronic cold treatment to test for cold tolerance, and then individuals from the chronic cold treatment were exposed to the acute cold to test for cold hardening. Pholcus manueli showed greater resistance to both the acute and the chronic cold than P. phalangioides, with P. phalangioides taking longer to return to normal behavior. Pholcus manueli showed evidence of cold hardening, with individuals initially exposed to chronic cold tolerating the acute cold better. Pholcus phalangioides showed no evidence of cold hardening. These results suggest that P. manueli may be able to displace P. phalangioides by better surviving cold winters. |
Trait Matching and Social Dynamics in Open Play Interactions Among Domestic Dogs
Don Cherry1, Britt Florkiewicz1,2, Carolyn Henry1, Teddy Lazebnik3 et al.(1) University of Missouri Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Human Animal Interaction; (2) Animal Behavior and Cognition Lab; (3) University of Haifa
Trait Matching and Social Dynamics in Open Play Interactions Among Domestic DogsDon Cherry1, Britt Florkiewicz1,2, Carolyn Henry1, Teddy Lazebnik3 et al.(1) University of Missouri Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Human Animal Interaction; (2) Animal Behavior and Cognition Lab; (3) University of HaifaSocial play offers essential opportunities for communication and social development in mammals. Domestic dogs serve as an ideal model for studying dyadic interaction patterns given their frequent engagement in intraspecific play throughout adulthood. This study investigated whether biological and behavioral trait matching predicted play duration and spatial proximity during open play interactions among domestic dogs. Video recordings of 181 dyadic play bouts involving 115 dogs were analyzed using video-based behavioral measures of head-to-head and head-to-tail contact, along with biological traits including size, age, and sex. Generalized linear models showed that neither biological nor behavioral trait matching predicted play duration or proximity. Instead, specific behavioral expressions were associated with shorter play bouts, suggesting that interaction intensity, rather than partner similarity, may shape play dynamics and highlighting the complexity of partner preferences in domestic dog social play. |
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Using computer vision to understand the social drivers of migration across scales
Benjamin Koger1, 2, Albert Kao3, Brayden Dearden4, Andrew Berdahl5 et al.(1) University of Wyoming, School of Computing; (2) University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology; (3) University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Biology; (4) University of Wyoming, Department of Mathmatics; (5) University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
Using computer vision to understand the social drivers of migration across scalesBenjamin Koger1, 2, Albert Kao3, Brayden Dearden4, Andrew Berdahl5 et al.(1) University of Wyoming, School of Computing; (2) University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology; (3) University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Biology; (4) University of Wyoming, Department of Mathmatics; (5) University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesSocial interactions have long been theorized to shape migratory decision-making, yet collecting relevant data has historically been a major challenge. Studying social migration requires recording numerous interacting individuals as they move through complex environments. Advancements in AI-driven computer vision and imaging technology, such as drones and ground-mounted cameras, can offer limited but complementary windows into these dynamics from individuals to groups to populations. We used a combination of these methods to study sockeye salmon migration near Pedro Bay, Alaska. Over 1.5 weeks of the migration, we paired daily drone-derived nesting-pond surveys, with continuous tree-mounted video recordings of the entrance of each pond, with drone derived focal follows of individual groups as they moved through the system. Across each datastream we show strong evidence for socially driven movement decisions with the effects apparent at each measured scale. The opportunities and challenges identified in this system are informative for better quantifying the dynamics of social migration and understanding the abilities of novel imaging methods to study animal behavior in the wild. |
Prey type and size affect the feeding behavior of blind snakes (Afrotyphlops spp.)
Emma K James1, Bruce C Jayne1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Prey type and size affect the feeding behavior of blind snakes (Afrotyphlops spp.)Emma K James1, Bruce C Jayne1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiUnlike most snakes, blind snakes (Scolecophidia) usually consume large numbers of very small prey such as ants and termites, but studies of their feeding behavior are scanty. Hence, we videotaped feedings of two large species of Afrotyphlops to test how the size of ant larvae (0.2-107 mg), ant pupae (2-101 mg), and beetle larvae (10-460 mg) affected the prey handling times and feeding behavior. Handling times of ant larvae, ant pupae, and beetle larvae ranged from 0.07-2.04 s, 0.16-5.40 s, and 0.88-88.83 s, respectively, and all these quantities had highly significant increases with increased prey size. These snakes readily ate (compressible) prey with diameters exceeding their maximal gape. All ant larvae and pupae were swallowed intact, and the orientation of ant larvae during swallowing was random. Regardless of their size, beetle larvae were usually (87%) consumed tail-first and were commonly decapitated. Ours and previous accounts of Typhlopids and Leptotyphlopids suggest the interesting possibility that the capacity to dismember prey may be widespread in Scolecophidians, despite substantial variation in the relevant dentition and cranial morphology. |
Operationalizing Cooperative Care: Defining Assent, Dissent, and Minimum Procedural Requirements
Mindy R. Waite1,2(1) School of Education and Health Sciences, Animal Behavior program, Carroll University; (2) School of Animal Sciences, Animal Behavior program, Virginia Polytechnic and State University
Operationalizing Cooperative Care: Defining Assent, Dissent, and Minimum Procedural RequirementsMindy R. Waite1,2(1) School of Education and Health Sciences, Animal Behavior program, Carroll University; (2) School of Animal Sciences, Animal Behavior program, Virginia Polytechnic and State UniversityCooperative care, also known as “voluntary husbandry,” refers to assent-based procedures used to assess animal cooperation during husbandry or veterinary procedures. Its goal is to reduce stress for animals and caretakers while using ethically robust methods that account for animal choice, effectiveness, and welfare. Although introduced in zoos decades ago, cooperative care has recently gained popularity in the animal behavior field. Despite this growth, it has not been clearly operationalized, making it difficult to identify the minimum procedural components required for a protocol to qualify as cooperative care. We recently proposed six literature-based requirements: caretaker consent; skill acquisition training; clearly defined assent behaviors for initiation and maintenance; clearly defined dissent and assent-withdrawal behaviors for pausing; programmed reinforcement of required behaviors; and minimization of coercion. This presentation reviews the history and current status of cooperative care, defines assent and dissent, proposes minimum component requirements, and highlights remaining empirical and conceptual questions. |
Neighborhood Buzz: Bumblebee Urban Spatial Behavior Through Population Genetics and Community Help
Jeremy M. Howard1, Garrett Behrends1, Aimee S. Dunlap1 et al.(1) University of Missouri St. Louis
Neighborhood Buzz: Bumblebee Urban Spatial Behavior Through Population Genetics and Community HelpJeremy M. Howard1, Garrett Behrends1, Aimee S. Dunlap1 et al.(1) University of Missouri St. LouisIn the Anthropocene, cities have introduced challenges not previously seen in the evolutionary history of bees, particularly through changes to landscape structure with impervious surfaces and scattered green spaces. Our study examines the spatial behavior of Bombus impatiens (Common Eastern Bumblebee) indirectly through a genetic mark recapture study. DNA samples were obtained through non-lethal sampling in 5 focal areas of the greater St. Louis area in Summer 2023. Sample sites within each focal area were obtained through outreach with the St. Louis Community and included private residences, schools, golf courses, cemeteries, community gardens, parks, and restored prairies. Samples underwent whole genome sequencing to compare areas across the city, in addition to how landscape variables influenced aspects of gene flow. Results of our study will reveal if portions of St. Louis act as barriers to movement and if Bombus impatiens is experiencing population structuring. This study informs if bumblebee foraging is influenced by landscape variables, or more broadly, how human alterations to landscapes influence foraging behavior. |
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The role of shiny plant signals and polarization in foraging swallowtail butterflies
Jenny Y. Sung1, Richard Barelds2, Casper J. van der Kooi2, Michiyo Kinoshita1 et al.(1) SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; (2) University of Groningen
The role of shiny plant signals and polarization in foraging swallowtail butterfliesJenny Y. Sung1, Richard Barelds2, Casper J. van der Kooi2, Michiyo Kinoshita1 et al.(1) SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; (2) University of GroningenMost flowers appear matte, while leaves appear shiny. This difference may aid visually-guided pollinators in foraging. Further, shiny leaves are more polarized, i.e., have greater polarization degree (PD). Polarization is detectable by many invertebrates and crucial in insect navigation, but little is known about how polarization in physical objects is viewed, such as for plant-based signaling. We hypothesized that shininess and PD from plant surfaces aid insect pollinators in foraging. Using Papilio xuthus butterflies, we examined innate preference for shininess. We found that preference depended on target color and background contrast. Under some conditions, butterflies could learn to choose the unpreferred target. These suggest that shininess plays a role during foraging but may be integrated with other visual cues such as color and contrast. Next, we examined butterfly innate preference for lights of different PD. Butterflies showed clear preferences that were dependent on polarization angle. Along with previous work, this suggests that butterflies perceive PD as brightness. Our study suggests that shiny and polarized surfaces can serve as plant signals for pollinating insects. |
Rags to Riches; a Story of Dumpster Diving, Canine Aggression, and Client Compliance
Jennie R. Lane1(1) Synergy Animal Behavior® LLC
Rags to Riches; a Story of Dumpster Diving, Canine Aggression, and Client ComplianceJennie R. Lane1(1) Synergy Animal Behavior® LLCThe client wished to teach the two-year-old, neutered, 20-pound Chihuahua mix to feel relaxed around her and her fiancé. The dog lived with two adults in a single family home with a fenced yard. The dog was found in a dumpster and had a history of digestive sensitivity. The dog bared his teeth, growled, lunged, and bit the owner multiple times per day. The dog also growled at the owner’s fiancé almost daily. Aggression was often triggered by movement of the owner’s hands, disturbing the dog while resting, physical manipulation of the dog, and approaching the dog while in possession of a resource. Initial assessment occurred through a detailed analysis of the history and video observations, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2020 to 2023, multiple strategies were employed, such as body language education, trigger avoidance, desensitization, positive reinforcement, and counterconditioning. Throughout the virtual sessions, the client reported inconsistent compliance. As safety concerns grew, treatment cessation was threatened. Compliance improved immediately and excelled once we started meeting in person. |
Celebrity Cougars: A sentiment analysis of puma (Puma concolor) Los Angeles newspaper covereage, 1997 to 2023
Katherine V. Hernandez1, 2, Alvaro Villarreal1, Maggie Chapin1, Natalya Cummings1, David Wise1, Christopher Kelty1, 3 et al.(1) University of California, Los Angeles; (2) UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability; (3) UCLA Institute for Society and Genetics
Celebrity Cougars: A sentiment analysis of puma (Puma concolor) Los Angeles newspaper covereage, 1997 to 2023Katherine V. Hernandez1, 2, Alvaro Villarreal1, Maggie Chapin1, Natalya Cummings1, David Wise1, Christopher Kelty1, 3 et al.(1) University of California, Los Angeles; (2) UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability; (3) UCLA Institute for Society and GeneticsIt is a popular conservation tactic to uplift and create stories around "charismatic" species as a way to gain support for conservation at large. But, charisma is subjective, and its power to sway public opinion may appear greater than it is in reality. For example, In 2012 a puma (Puma concolor) in Los Angeles County was spotted by camera traps set in Griffith Park and entered the public eye under the moniker “P-22.” P-22 remained in the area until 2022, when he was humanely euthanized. In both life and death, P-22 was treated as an unofficial mascot for the city of Los Angeles, highlighted in news media, artistic expression, and in campaigns for the world’s largest wildlife overpass now being built over a major LA freeway. P-22 is a quintessential charismatic animal that seems to have altered public opinion and the LA landscape itself. Through this study we investigate how true this story of change actually is. Specifically, we ask how has the quantity and content of Los Angeles Times newspaper coverage on mountain lions changed since before, during, and just after P-22’s public life (1997 to 2023)? And what could this tell us about charisma and celebrity as conservation tactics? |
The Batlorette: Social Preference of Female Carollia perspicillata Bats
Jessica C Montoya1, Iñaky Marin1, Parker Gillis1, Nicolle Sul1, Angeles Salles1 et al.(1) University of Illinois Chicago
The Batlorette: Social Preference of Female Carollia perspicillata Bats Jessica C Montoya1, Iñaky Marin1, Parker Gillis1, Nicolle Sul1, Angeles Salles1 et al.(1) University of Illinois ChicagoBats are nocturnal animals that use echolocation to navigate their environment. As auditory specialists, bats also developed a complex array of communication signals. We can utilize communication calls to comprehend these animals' behavioral states and social structure. Carollia perspicillata is highly social mammal that has been used in a wide array of laboratory studies, from disease transmission to neuroscience. We aim to explore how C. perspicillata female bats choose between a known or novel bat, with acoustic analysis to determine group differences. We hypothesized that while most females will choose to roost with a known conspecific, some individuals will choose the novel bat, supporting the fission-fusion model, formation of new roosts, and inter-species roost-sharing. Our data show that captive bats spend more time with roostmates than with strangers, whereas wild bats show no preference. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine differences in social behavior between wild-caught and captive-born populations of C. perspicillata, which can inform us on how reduced social variation and reduced genetic variability affect bat welfare and social behavior. |
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| 11:15 |
Towards AI-Driven Behavioral Phenotyping & Pesticide Risk Assessment in Bumblebee Colonies
August C Easton-Calabria1, Shelby A Loebertman1, Colson S Tidikis1, Roberta E Hunt2, James D Crall1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Madison; (2) University of Copenhagen
Towards AI-Driven Behavioral Phenotyping & Pesticide Risk Assessment in Bumblebee Colonies August C Easton-Calabria1, Shelby A Loebertman1, Colson S Tidikis1, Roberta E Hunt2, James D Crall1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Madison; (2) University of CopenhagenSocial insect colonies depend on complex, coordinated behaviors, but many remain difficult to quantify at scale. In bumblebees, little is known about how brood incubation varies across individuals, or how that variation shapes colony responses to sublethal stressors such as pesticide exposure. This variation may be especially important because colony responses to stress emerge not from average disruption, but from how disruption is distributed across workers. Here, we present work on an AI-driven behavioral phenotyping tool to enable scalable quantification of key bumblebee behaviors like incubation while remaining accessible to users without coding experience. By integrating tag tracking with AI approaches like instance segmentation, we can improve individual detection, tracking coverage, and behavior classification within dense nest environments. Using these tools, we ask how pesticide exposure alters incubation across individuals and how that may drive colony-level stress sensitivity. Broadly, this work highlights how AI can reveal important structure in the behavior of biological systems, with implications for pollinator health research and sublethal risk assessment regulation. |
Effect of Odor on Prey Pattern Aversion in Jumping Spiders
Aditi Persad1, Laurel Lietzenmayer1, Lisa Taylor1 et al.(1) University of Florida
Effect of Odor on Prey Pattern Aversion in Jumping Spiders Aditi Persad1, Laurel Lietzenmayer1, Lisa Taylor1 et al.(1) University of FloridaMany animals defend themselves with toxic chemicals and use warning displays of odors and bright colors to advertise their toxicity. Yet, how color and odor interact in warning displays is not well understood. Work in jumping spiders has shown that defensive odors from three species of chemically defended bugs (Leptoglossus phyllopus, Mormidea lugens, Acanthocephala femorata) trigger a foraging aversion to red prey, a typical warning color. We ask if these defensive odors increase aversion to another visual warning: high-contrast stripes. Jumping spiders (Habronattus trimaculatus) were given the choice between two types of color-manipulated termites: black-and-white stripes or solid white, in the presence or absence of a defensive odor (from the bug species above). We predicted that all spiders would be averse to striped termites, but the aversion would be stronger in the presence of the odor. Results from all odor experiments were contrary to our prediction: regardless of whether the odor was present or absent, spiders attacked both patterns at similar rates. These results are discussed in the context of predator decision-making and the evolution of prey defenses. |
Assessing behavioral management programs in research dogs
Carly I. O'Malley1, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker1 et al.(1) Charles River
Assessing behavioral management programs in research dogsCarly I. O'Malley1, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker1 et al.(1) Charles RiverAssessing animal welfare is vital to working with research animals. Holistic animal welfare assessment should assess the behavioral management program aimed to promote species-typical behaviors, positive human-animal interactions, and cooperation with husbandry and research procedures. A dog welfare assessment tool was launched to assess and harmonize dog management programs. The tool assessed welfare categories including physical, behavioral, environmental, training, procedural, and employee culture of care. For this presentation, the focus will be on the elements related to behavioral management. Fourteen sites participated in the initial benchmarking assessments in September 2024 and March 2025. Sites performed well on overall dog behavior (avg: 98%), promoting animal cooperation (avg: 98%), and providing resources to promote species-typical behaviors (avg: 88%). Opportunities for improvement were with performing regular behavioral assessments (avg. 76%), providing exercise opportunities (avg: 66%), and implementing more habituation and training (avg: 77%). The presentation will focus on how the tool is used for decision making at the site and company level. |
Behavior at the Edge: Mechanistic Links Between Habitat, Predation, and Grassland Bird Decline
Anahit Amiri1, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau1, Michael Eichholz1 et al.(1) Southern Illinois University, Center for Wildlife Sustainability Research
Behavior at the Edge: Mechanistic Links Between Habitat, Predation, and Grassland Bird DeclineAnahit Amiri1, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau1, Michael Eichholz1 et al.(1) Southern Illinois University, Center for Wildlife Sustainability ResearchGrassland birds are among the most imperiled bird groups, with many species declining by ~50% over the past five decades due partly to habitat loss and fragmentation. We examined links among grassland bird nests, raccoons, and habitat structure to assess how habitat may shape predator-prey relationships. Using three years of field data (2019-2021) from Burning Star Wildlife Management Area in southern Illinois, USA, we measured nest density, raccoon abundance, vegetation, and habitat structure, built habitat indices, and used Structural Equation Models to compare direct and indirect nest-raccoon relationships. Results supported an indirect relationship driven by shared habitat features. Follow-up analyses showed the positive association between raccoon abundance and nest density was mediated by edge-to-interior ratio, not patch size, suggesting edge-linked processes rather than a small-patch encounter mechanism. These findings suggest edge structure may play an important role in predator-prey relationships in fragmented grasslands. |
Social calls influence free-flying big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) behavior
Katherine Armenta1, Gerald Wilkinson1 et al.(1) University of Maryland
Social calls influence free-flying big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) behaviorKatherine Armenta1, Gerald Wilkinson1 et al.(1) University of MarylandThe big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) produces a range of vocalizations, which include social calls: distinct vocalizations used to communicate with conspecifics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the vocal and behavioral responses of wild free-flying E. fuscus to three social calls (frequency modulated bouts [FMB], chevron shaped [CS], and quasi constant frequency [QCF]). We presented free-flying E. fuscus with ultrasonic playbacks of these social calls at six Maryland sites during 43 nights of 2023. We predicted that FMB calls would repel bats, while CS and QCF calls would attract bats towards our playback stimulus. Bat activity during and outside of playbacks was compared using ultrasonic audio and thermal video recordings. We found that E. fuscus avoided study areas on nights with QCF playbacks more than other social call playbacks. In contrast, instances of E. fuscus presence increased during FMB broadcasts. Thermal videos revealed flight behaviors not captured in audio recordings, such as fewer bat passes by the speaker on nights with CS playbacks. These findings suggest each call type elicits a distinct response in E. fuscus, ranging from clear avoidance to attraction. |
| 11:30 |
Building intraspecific antagonism into predator-prey models
James L. L. Lichtenstein1(1) Sacred Heart University
Building intraspecific antagonism into predator-prey modelsJames L. L. Lichtenstein1(1) Sacred Heart UniversityDecades of empirical work make clear that intraspecific antagonism among predators can decrease how many prey predators eat. Attempts to use this to predict predation, namely predator-prey ratio dependent models, have been the subject of immense disagreement. To help bridge this gap between behavioral data and ecological theory we examined how the predation rates on flies by individual jumping spiders (Phiddipus clarus) affects how much they eat in pairs with different levels of interference. We estimated these rates from videos of spiders hunting ten flies over multiple iterations to establish their consistency in feeding rates. Next, we recorded the same spiders paired in arenas that allow them to see/smell but not touch each other and arenas that allowed contact. Analyses are forthcoming. We will compare the rate at which flies are killed and spiders are satiated in pairs to how much they kill on their own and their body size. Further, we will parameterize predator-prey models using the individual and paired predation rates and compare their predictions. This will harness key mechanisms of animal behavior to help reconcile entrenched controversy in the world of ecology. |
Relationship between Paw Laterality and Physiological Measures of Welfare in Shelter-Living Dogs
Rachel C Harris1, Lisa M Gunter1 et al.(1) Virginia Tech
Relationship between Paw Laterality and Physiological Measures of Welfare in Shelter-Living DogsRachel C Harris1, Lisa M Gunter1 et al.(1) Virginia TechAnimal shelters are difficult environments with a variety of stressors that can compromise dogs’ welfare. This study examined the relationship between dogs’ paw laterality, paw preference when manipulating objects, and physiological measures of welfare: pulse, respiration, and heart rate variability (HRV). Previous studies found lateralization related to an animal’s responsiveness to stress. Twenty shelter-living dogs wore PetPace health-monitoring collars 24 hours prior to and following a paw laterality session. Dogs were provided a Kong toy and experimenters recorded each paw touch. Paw laterality was categorized as left, right, or ambilateral. A total of 21,689 pulse, respiration, and HRV values were compiled. We found that pulse and respiration did not vary between dogs, but HRV differed. Pairwise comparisons revealed HRV was significantly different between ambilateral and left-pawed dogs (contrast = -0.18, SE = 0.06, z = -3.20, p = 0.004, 95% CI [-0.31, -0.05]), as ambilateral dogs had significantly lower HRV than left-pawed dogs. While preliminary, these results suggest that paw laterality assessments warrant further investigation as a novel welfare tool in an animal shelter. |
Altered Foraging Behavior of a Mesopredator in Response to Perceived Predation Risk
Jessica Stamn1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of Mississippi
Altered Foraging Behavior of a Mesopredator in Response to Perceived Predation RiskJessica Stamn1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of MississippiLoss of apex predators releases smaller predators (mesopredators) to have greater impact on their prey, sometimes preventing species recovery. Can altering the risk perceived by individual mesopredators by placing cues (scent, sound) from apex predators result in the alteration of spatial use and foraging behavior to the benefit of prey? Is previous exposure to these predators necessary to deter mesopredators from target areas? We investigated foraging of individually marked raccoons (Procyon lotor) at foraging stations in response to auditory and scent cues from current and extirpated predators in comparison to the effect of cues from a non-predator. Preliminary analysis shows that while in general, raccoons avoid areas with apex predator cues, there was a high level of variation in individual response. We present possible explanations for why some individuals are less cautious in response to predator cues. Understanding the differences in individual response to altered risk can be important to creating conservation strategies to reduce over-predation on target species by risk-taking individuals. |
Urine as a Social Cue: Olfactory Discrimination and Scent-Marking Behavior in the Coyote
Caroline E Long1, Dustin H Ranglack2, Sara M Freeman1 et al.(1) Utah State University; (2) USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center, Utah Field Station
Urine as a Social Cue: Olfactory Discrimination and Scent-Marking Behavior in the CoyoteCaroline E Long1, Dustin H Ranglack2, Sara M Freeman1 et al.(1) Utah State University; (2) USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center, Utah Field StationScent-marking behavior is well-documented in coyotes (Canis latrans). Coyotes use urine and scratching to demarcate territorial boundaries and to communicate within social groups. For urine to function as a salient social cue, coyotes must be able to distinguish their own scent from the scent of a conspecific. To investigate olfactory discrimination and communication in the coyote, we presented individual, captive coyotes (n=19) with paired urine stimuli from self and an age-matched stranger. Male and female coyotes representing three different life history stages were tested in breeding and non-breeding seasons. Olfactory investigation and visual vigilance varied across life history stages, with younger individuals generally exhibiting greater sniffing and vigilance at stimuli than older coyotes. Scent-marking behavior was higher during the breeding season than the non-breeding season (p < 0.05), with patterns suggesting context-dependent differences in responses to self versus stranger stimuli. Coyotes were slower to approach stranger urine than their own (p< 0.05), demonstrating olfactory discrimination and supporting a role for urine in mediating social behavior. |
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| 11:45 |
Attachment security and novel object exploration in domestic cats
Delaney H Frank1, Allison P McGrath2, Cheryl Stiers2, Saethra Darling1, Monique A.R. Udell1 et al.(1) Oregon State University; (2) Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.
Attachment security and novel object exploration in domestic catsDelaney H Frank1, Allison P McGrath2, Cheryl Stiers2, Saethra Darling1, Monique A.R. Udell1 et al.(1) Oregon State University; (2) Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.Attachment theory predicts that when a caregiver functions as a secure base, both stress regulation and exploration are supported. Although prior work suggests some cats show secure-base effects with their caregivers, the behavioral consequences of feline attachment remain underexplored. This study examined whether a cat’s attachment classification to a human caregiver predicted their level of engagement with a novel object in an unfamiliar environment. Colony-housed cats (M = 13.98 years, SD = 1.30) and their human caregivers (N = 20) participated in a Secure Base Test to determine each cat’s attachment style. Cats’ responses toward a novel object (a realistic looking stuffed cat) in the presence of the caretaker were coded from a standardized ethogram. Secure cats (n = 13) were significantly more likely than insecure cats (n = 7) to make close physical contact with the novel object during a 2-minute period (Fisher’s exact test, p = .007). These findings suggest that attachment security may facilitate exploratory contact with unfamiliar stimuli in domestic cats, consistent with a secure-base effects reported in other species. |
12:15 PM – 1:15 PM
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Rookwood
Conservation Committee Meeting
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Rosewood
Diversity Committee Meeting
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Salon H & I
NSF Updates and Q&A
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1:30 PM – 3:30 PM
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Pavillion
Symposium: Ai Insights into Animal Behavior Concepts (2)
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Rookwood
Intriguing Talk Titles
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Rosewood
Applied Animal Behavior
Chairs: Meghan Barrett, Constance Woodman |
Salon H & I
Stress and Behavior
Chairs: Alyssa Cary, Jessica Cusick |
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| 1:30 |
How Drones and Machine Learning are Changing the Way Behavior Can be Studied
Dan Rubenstein1(1) Princeton University
How Drones and Machine Learning are Changing the Way Behavior Can be StudiedDan Rubenstein1(1) Princeton UniversityAlthough behavior is typically studied by observing and recording what animals do, the means of doing so has changed over time. Sightings from hand-held binoculars, written down by hand in notebooks gave way to zoomed-in video recordings, some collected remotely from camera traps. Today the scale and scope of behavioral research is being transformed by visual recordings from swarms of smart drones, processed by AI and machine learning. Determining individual time budgets, assessing collective flight from simulated predatory attacks, demonstrating patterns of autonomous tracking and predicting future habitat choices by wildlife and herded livestock will illustrate what drones and AI can and are poised to do. |
Monkey See, Monkey Cue: Do capuchins (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) follow and utilize conspecific gaze?
Nicole Furgala1,3, Matthew Babb2,3, Benjamin Wilson1, Sarah Brosnan2,3, Marcela Benitez1 et al.(1) Emory University; (2) Georgia State University; (3) Language Research Center
Monkey See, Monkey Cue: Do capuchins (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) follow and utilize conspecific gaze?Nicole Furgala1,3, Matthew Babb2,3, Benjamin Wilson1, Sarah Brosnan2,3, Marcela Benitez1 et al.(1) Emory University; (2) Georgia State University; (3) Language Research CenterGaze following, considered a building block of perspective-taking, is widespread across taxa. Some evidence suggests that capuchins follow human gaze, yet their ability to follow conspecific gaze remains unknown, even showing limited success in visual perspective-taking tasks. Here, we examined whether captive capuchins follow and utilize conspecific gaze in a computerized target-choice task. Capuchins viewed videos of a group member (social stimuli) or a rotating sphere (asocial stimuli) “looking” toward one of two icons on a screen. Combining non-restrained eye tracking with the computerized task, we tested whether capuchins spontaneously follow conspecific gaze and whether they can learn to use gaze as a salient cue. Eye-tracking results suggest some sensitivity to conspecific gaze, yet capuchins may have relied on movement cues. Capuchins did not spontaneously use gaze in the task but learned to do so over time, with males learning faster from social stimuli and females learning faster from asocial stimuli. Disentangling how rank and sex influence sensitivity to social cues is an important next step in understanding how primates consider others’ perceptual states. |
Animal Disability and Welfare: Prevalence, Perception, and Practice in Zoological Organizations
Shannon L. O'Brien1(1) Lincoln Park Zoo
Animal Disability and Welfare: Prevalence, Perception, and Practice in Zoological OrganizationsShannon L. O'Brien1(1) Lincoln Park ZooResearch on animal disability remains limited, often focusing on individual case studies or a narrow range of taxa, which may contribute to differences in the care and management of disabilities across species in human care. Zoological organizations offer an ideal opportunity to research animal disability, yet the prevalence of disability and related care practices has not been previously documented. A survey was shared with organizations accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) to assess the prevalence of animals with disabilities, explore care staff perceptions of welfare, and document modifications provided to animals with disabilities. All but one organization reported having an animal with a disability in their care. Animals with disabilities were reported from all vertebrate groups as well as various invertebrates. Birds, mammals, and reptiles were the most likely to receive modifications. Animal care staff perceived the welfare of animals with disabilities as similar to animals without disabilities. These data can serve as a foundation for future research on animal disability that can inform strategies to enhance welfare for animals in human care. |
From Screening to Sniffing: Measuring and Reducing Chronic Stress in Companion Dogs
Alisa Tananaeva1, Monique Udell1 et al.(1) Oregon State University
From Screening to Sniffing: Measuring and Reducing Chronic Stress in Companion DogsAlisa Tananaeva1, Monique Udell1 et al.(1) Oregon State UniversityChronic stress is one of the most pervasive yet often overlooked welfare issues in companion dogs. It leads to behavior problems, health risks, and can damage the human–dog bond, yet most caregivers and professionals lack practical tools to measure or mitigate it effectively. This session presents findings from a comprehensive study designed to address this gap.I will introduce the Dog Stress Level Questionnaire (DSLQ), a newly validated tool for chronic stress screening, and an intervention model that combines collaborative sniffing games with free exploration in a specially designed Sniffing Room, illustrated by video examples. To evaluate outcomes, we utilized a multimodal approach integrating caregiver reports, cognitive and behavioral testing, and physiological data. In addition to quantitative results, I will briefly discuss behavioral patterns and insights that emerged when dogs were given choice over activities and treats. |
| 1:45 |
The bird who cried snake: Threat discrimination by house finches
Alice Welch1, Elena Gasiorowski1, David Kikuchi1 et al.(1) Oregon State University
The bird who cried snake: Threat discrimination by house finchesAlice Welch1, Elena Gasiorowski1, David Kikuchi1 et al.(1) Oregon State UniversityPredation is a strong selective force, necessitating recognition and response by prey. Birds have highly developed visual systems with a broad color spectrum, yet not much is known about how proficient they are at discriminating between threatening and non-threatening stimuli. House finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) are native to Western North America and, in Oregon, are often depredated by gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer) but rarely by other snakes. To examine their ability to recognize a sympatric predator, we assessed responses of wild-caught, lab-maintained house finches to potential threats. We used a neophobia assay to measure how stimuli with different colors, patterns, and shapes influenced latency to feed when placed next to the birds’ food dish. Stimuli included snake replicas painted with spectrally matched colors of real snakes, permutations of their colors, and other controls. We found that house finches can not only recognize snakes but also distinguish between sympatric species that differ in ecological relevance. Our data suggest that they do this by integrating multiple visual cues and/or signals, like color and pattern. |
The night watch: assessing the 24-hour activity patterns of zoo-housed tawny frogmouths
Natasha Wierzal1, Jason Wark1, Nicole Finch-Mason1 et al.(1) Lincoln Park Zoo
The night watch: assessing the 24-hour activity patterns of zoo-housed tawny frogmouthsNatasha Wierzal1, Jason Wark1, Nicole Finch-Mason1 et al.(1) Lincoln Park ZooTawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) are a nocturnal bird commonly found in zoos worldwide. However, frogmouths, like other nocturnal species in zoos, are typically cared for during the day which can lead to circadian rhythm disruptions. Chronic circadian rhythm disruption can lead to many health problems, increased stress, and impaired welfare. In this study, 4 frogmouths were monitored over 24 hours for multiple days to assess if husbandry changes could improve their 24-hour activity patterns and therefore, likely improve their welfare. The first husbandry change implemented was shifting exhibit servicing times to as early or late in the day as possible for keeper schedules. The second change was to shift the majority of the frogmouths diet to timed feeders which opened overnight. Shifting servicing time did lead to slight changes in activity patterns, with frogmouths resting more during the day and more alert at night. Implementing timed feeders overnight further strengthened this trend. Space use patterns also became more varied. The changes observed indicate improved circadian rhythm synchronization with the frogmouths’ nocturnality, likely improving their welfare. |
Venipuncture-related Stress in Dogs and the Fear Free™ FAS Scale as a Stress Measurement Tool
Alyssa N. Cary1,2, Erica Feuerbacher1, Amy Pike3, Jessica P. Hekman1 et al.(1) Virginia Tech; (2) Fear Free LLC; (3) Animal Behavior Wellness Center
Venipuncture-related Stress in Dogs and the Fear Free™ FAS Scale as a Stress Measurement ToolAlyssa N. Cary1,2, Erica Feuerbacher1, Amy Pike3, Jessica P. Hekman1 et al.(1) Virginia Tech; (2) Fear Free LLC; (3) Animal Behavior Wellness CenterWe collected behavioral and physiological measures (urine cortisol:creatinineratios, heart rate, and heart rate variability) of stress in 40 privately-owned dogs visiting a Fear Free Certified™ veterinary hospital for venipuncture with a credentialed technician. Visits were video-recorded to code 11 observable behaviors and score stress using the FAS Scale and Clinic Dog Stress Scale 1 (CDSS). There was moderate agreement between FAS and CDSS scores (73.78%, Cohen’s kappa = 0.55). Visit duration was positively correlated with percent change in UCCR (rho = 0.34, p = 0.04) and post-visit UCCR was significantly higher than baseline UCCR (mean difference = 43.80, p = 0.0000051, 95% CI: 27.09 - 60.51). UCCR did not correlate significantly with FAS; however, max FAS scores were moderate to high for most dogs during venipuncture. Given the weak evidence for validity of the FAS Scale and moderate interobserver agreement (mean IOA = 76.04%), modifications to optimize the scale for clinical application should be considered. |
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| 2:00 |
Watching the World Change: What Wildlife Images Reveal About a Planet in Flux
Sarah E. Huebner1(1) Smithsonian Institution
Watching the World Change: What Wildlife Images Reveal About a Planet in FluxSarah E. Huebner1(1) Smithsonian InstitutionEvery day, wild-living animals must make crucial decisions for survival and reproduction in rapidly changing environments. Human-induced biodiversity loss, habitat loss, and climate change have dramatically increased environmental variability, reshaping the conditions under which animals forage, migrate, and reproduce. To understand the conservation status of populations around the world, ecologists urgently need to know when and where animals are present and how they behave under these new pressures. Using camera trap images collected by national and international monitoring programs, including Snapshot Safari, a network spanning sub-Saharan Africa, we have documented unexpected behaviors, range shifts, and changes in habitat preference. With the introduction of Vision-Language models and curated image collections, we are poised to gain deeper insights into how wildlife are surviving in the Anthropocene. |
I like your style: an intersexual floral mimic exploits bee behavior by mimicking anther chemistry
Avery / L Russell1, Thomas Eltz2, Liam Wilson1, Stephanie Sanders1, Abilene Mosher1, Rachel Wilkins1, Daniel / R Papaj3 et al.(1) aDepartment of Biology, Missouri State University; (2) Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße; (3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
I like your style: an intersexual floral mimic exploits bee behavior by mimicking anther chemistryAvery / L Russell1, Thomas Eltz2, Liam Wilson1, Stephanie Sanders1, Abilene Mosher1, Rachel Wilkins1, Daniel / R Papaj3 et al.(1) aDepartment of Biology, Missouri State University; (2) Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße; (3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyTo maximize foraging success, pollinators must rapidly and accurately assess complex and variable floral displays. Because producing floral rewards is energetically costly, plants may use floral displays to attract visitors without offering rewards. Yet how complex display components contribute to duping visitors is frequently unclear. Plants in the genus Begonia produce unrewarding female flowers (mimics) thought to mimic tepals and anthers of male pollen-rewarding flowers (models) in a system termed intersexual mimicry. We investigated how reproductive structures and sterile tepals contributed to successful mimicry in Begonia odorata. Bees initially preferred flowers with styles, but learned to avoid them; tepal origin did not affect learning or initial preference. We uncovered chemical mimicry of models via GC-MS: model and mimic tepals were similar, as were styles to anthers; however, pollen was significantly dissimilar. Bees did not distinguish models from mimics when we replaced live reproductive structures with chemical extracts of the structures. We discuss how chemical mimicry may have facilitated the evolution of variable floral forms across Begonia. |
Second Chances: Behavioral Responses Following the Reintroduction of a Silverback Gorilla
Claudia C. Martinez1,2, Valerie James-Aldridge3, Todd J. McWhorter2, Eduardo J. Fernandez2 et al.(1) University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; (2) Adelaide University; (3) Gladys Porter Zoo
Second Chances: Behavioral Responses Following the Reintroduction of a Silverback GorillaClaudia C. Martinez1,2, Valerie James-Aldridge3, Todd J. McWhorter2, Eduardo J. Fernandez2 et al.(1) University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; (2) Adelaide University; (3) Gladys Porter ZooChanges in gorilla social group structure can create behavioral and management challenges in zoos. This study examined behavioral responses during the second attempt to introduce Mbundi, a mature male silverback, to three adult female western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the Gladys Porter Zoo following a previous unsuccessful introduction. Behavioral data were collected before introduction, early post-introduction, and later post-introduction, then analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Behavioral patterns varied across the introduction timeline and differed between indoor and outdoor environments. Anxiety-related and agonistic behaviors declined after reintroduction, with the model-estimated probability of agonistic behavior decreasing from 15.8% before introduction to 4.4% early post-introduction and 1.7% later post-introduction. Affiliative behavior also changed across periods differently indoors and outdoors, while abnormal and other undesirable behaviors remained stable. These findings suggest that phased introductions and adaptive management may support social integration and welfare in managed gorilla groups. |
The mitigation hierarchy for anthropogenic stressors: a conservation behaviour approach
Kathleen Church1, Brett Seymoure2, Shannon Crossen3, Kasey Fowler-Finn4, Matthew LeFauve5, Jennifer Phillips6, Bruce Schulte7 et al.(1) Missouri State University; (2) The University of Texas at El Paso; (3) Jacobs Engineering Group; (4) Saint Louis University; (5) George Washington University; (6) Washington State University; (7) North Carolina State University
The mitigation hierarchy for anthropogenic stressors: a conservation behaviour approachKathleen Church1, Brett Seymoure2, Shannon Crossen3, Kasey Fowler-Finn4, Matthew LeFauve5, Jennifer Phillips6, Bruce Schulte7 et al.(1) Missouri State University; (2) The University of Texas at El Paso; (3) Jacobs Engineering Group; (4) Saint Louis University; (5) George Washington University; (6) Washington State University; (7) North Carolina State UniversityThe mitigation hierarchy is used to minimize negative ecological effects of industrial development within the No Net Loss (NNL) framework. Impacts to animals and their habitats are first avoided, then minimized, and then compensated. However, impacts of development on animal behaviour are not usually considered within current frameworks. Here, we show how the mitigation hierarchy can be integrated into a conservation behaviour approach with seven anthropogenic stressors: 1) climate change; 2) resource extraction; 3) chemical contamination; 4) light pollution; 5) noise pollution; 6) human-wildlife conflict; and 7) road development. Negative effects on behaviour due to anthropogenic stressors should be considered more, including behavioural effects of activities that already apply the mitigation hierarchy (e.g., resource extraction, road development), as well as the behavioural impacts from activities not usually considered under existing NNL policies (e.g., light and noise pollution). The inclusion of behavioural impacts in management strategies will likely benefit conservation outcomes and may also help to account for more subtle anthropogenic effects that are often unacknowledged. |
| 2:15 |
How can potential prey best fail to realize their potential?
Peter A. Bednekoff1(1) Eastern Michigan Uniiversity
How can potential prey best fail to realize their potential?Peter A. Bednekoff1(1) Eastern Michigan UniiversityPredation ends lives and truncates lifetime fitness. In general, we expect potential prey to act in ways that decrease their chances of becoming actual prey. Successful predation requires predators to encounter, detect, attack, capture, and consume prey. Anti-predator defenses can disrupt this sequence at any point. How should potential prey invest in defenses along this sequence? I first consider investment in one strong defense. Potential prey could be safe by completely avoiding encounters, or by completely avoiding consumption. Costs of late defenses are effectively lower, however, because late defenses act against the subset of predators that have proceeded through early stages. Second, I consider a portfolio of investment across the entire sequence. Defenses are likely imperfect as well as costly. Investing in defenses at each stage is commonly the best strategy. If highly effective and costly defenses apply only late in the sequence, the costs rarely paid unnecessarily. I speculate that heavy investment in early defenses occurs when highly effective late defenses are not an option. |
Investigating changes in a valued activity as a novel indicator of weaning distress in dairy calves
Blair F Wermuth1, Blair C Downey1 et al.(1) University of Tennessee
Investigating changes in a valued activity as a novel indicator of weaning distress in dairy calves Blair F Wermuth1, Blair C Downey1 et al.(1) University of TennesseeAnhedonia is the loss of pleasure in previously valued activities and has been proposed as a measure of negative emotional states in non-human animals. In dairy cattle, reduced use of a grooming brush has been observed when experiencing stressors like regrouping, but this measure has not been explored in calves or their common stressors. Our objective was to investigate if grooming brush use changed in response to weaning, a known aversive experience for dairy calves. Twenty-five individually reared (industry standard) calves were enrolled at age d26 and given four stationary scrub brushes each. Calves were observed continuously (1200-1700) for brush use preweaning (PW; d35), after the first milk meal was removed (B1; d42 or d58), and once weaned (W; d66). There was no significant difference in brush usage, though calves showed a numeric decrease across weaning (PW: 3.0±0.5, B1: 1.9±0.3, W: 1.6±0.25 mean ±SE; p≥0.311). There was high individual variation between calves in daily performance (0.04-14.4min) and directional change in brush use over time. These results indicate that brush usage may not be a sensitive measure of weaning distress under these conditions. |
Hypoxia Tolerance in an African Cichlid Fish: Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress Responses
Olivia D.K. Buzinski1, Sarah H. Wojtylko1, Meghan Howard1, Tyler W. Beyett1, Peter D. Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan University
Hypoxia Tolerance in an African Cichlid Fish: Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress ResponsesOlivia D.K. Buzinski1, Sarah H. Wojtylko1, Meghan Howard1, Tyler W. Beyett1, Peter D. Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan UniversityHypoxia is a common occurrence in aquatic systems. In the face of increasing human disturbance and the prevalence of hypoxia, understanding how species will respond to such changes is imperative from an ecological perspective. Fish models are a useful tool for investigating cellular adaptations and oxidative stress resulting from hypoxia due to the incredible diversity observed across taxa in their response to limited oxygen availability. Here, we investigated resilience to repeated acute hypoxia stress in the highly social cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. Our results indicate that A. burtoni are a hypoxia-tolerant species, evidenced by their quick buildup of exposure tolerance and lack of increased brain oxidative stress following three consecutive exposures. Additionally, our results indicate that the relationship between mitochondrial function and reproductive investment may be modulated by acute hypoxia exposure. We are interested in continuing to investigate how reproductive investment influences bioenergetic adaptions to hypoxia in A. burtoni. |
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| 2:30 |
AI-based applications for tracking in situ octopus body patterns and behaviors
Michaella Pereira Andrade1, Alan de Aguiar1, João Góis1, Charles Morphy D. Santos1 et al.(1) Federal University of ABC
AI-based applications for tracking in situ octopus body patterns and behaviorsMichaella Pereira Andrade1, Alan de Aguiar1, João Góis1, Charles Morphy D. Santos1 et al.(1) Federal University of ABCMonitoring marine animals in their natural habitats is challenging due to underwater complexity. For octopuses, this is worsened by behavioral plasticity and the lack of standardized kinematic ethograms or databases. In this regard, there is a growing need for computational tools that tackle these barriers. We developed HideAndSeg, an AI-based tool that automates mask generation using unsupervised metrics for refinement, outperforming manual interaction models. Currently, we address octopus skin pattern identification by leveraging AI for chromatic features. AI-human classification convergence showed high performance for "Mottle" and slightly lower for other patterns. To mitigate anthropogenic bias, we shifted to unsupervised AI-based approaches. Interestingly, AI recognition prioritizes skin component relations that differ from those traditionally evaluated by human vision. We are also investigating intrinsic skin dynamics in video sequences without pre-assigned behavioral labels. This strategy extracts more replicable features, enabling the machine to identify patterns based on biological complexity that may surpass human-defined categories. |
Horns of Her Own: Competition, Predation, and Female Weaponry in Bovids
Theodore Stankowich1, Nicole Lopez1,2 et al.(1) California State University Long Beach; (2) University of Montana
Horns of Her Own: Competition, Predation, and Female Weaponry in Bovids Theodore Stankowich1, Nicole Lopez1,2 et al.(1) California State University Long Beach; (2) University of MontanaMale weaponry is widely studied, yet female weaponry remains poorly understood. In Bovidae, males typically use horns in sexual contests, whereas females vary greatly in horn presence and size. Previous studies proposed that female horns function in intraspecific competition or antipredator defense, but rarely tested how socio-ecological factors shape female horn investment. We reassessed these drivers using family-level comparative analyses (N=115). Female territoriality, sociality, and body mass positively predicted horn presence. Among horned females (N=80), horn investment varied among tribes and increased with sociality, but did not scale with body mass; territorial and pair-bonded species tended to have shorter horns. Although male horn investment did not predict female horn presence, in species with horned females, female and male horn investment scaled positively. Our results indicate that female horn presence is primarily shaped by intraspecific competition in smaller species and predation risk in larger species, and we provide new evidence that social selection influences female weapon investment in mammals. |
Assaying feeding behavior in adult black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) to improve welfare on farms
Meghan Barrett1, Nick Dobrowolski1, Edward Waddell2 et al.(1) Indiana University Indianapolis; (2) Holy Family University
Assaying feeding behavior in adult black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) to improve welfare on farmsMeghan Barrett1, Nick Dobrowolski1, Edward Waddell2 et al.(1) Indiana University Indianapolis; (2) Holy Family UniversityBlack soldier flies (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are poised to become one of the most farmed livestock animals in history. The welfare of these animals, if sentient, is important, but has been given little empirical attention; this makes it challenging to support producers looking to improve practice. One concern is that adult BSF are not fed due to a misconception that they cannot eat. However, adult BSF have functional mouthparts and digestive systems, feed in the wild, and their longevity is extended when fed. Here, we aim to determine the appropriate diet for feeding adult BSF in the industry. We assess preferences for both proteins and carbohydrates, their inclusion levels, and the physical state (solid/liquid/gel) of the diet. We determine that BSF prefer yeast and molasses at a 1:4 - 1:8 P:C ingredient ratio. We demonstrate that feeding adult BSF their preferred diets increases longevity, mating behavior, and egg lay. Finally, we highlight three feeding assays that can be used to assess BSF preference and consumption. These data suggest that feeding adult BSF encourages natural behaviors and allows for adequate nutrition, ultimately improving their welfare. |
Multiple Stressors Shape Bluebird Development and Maternal Behavior Across Urbanization Gradients
Erin Murray1, Jason Keagy1 et al.(1) The Pennsylvania State University
Multiple Stressors Shape Bluebird Development and Maternal Behavior Across Urbanization GradientsErin Murray1, Jason Keagy1 et al.(1) The Pennsylvania State UniversityAs cities expand, wildlife is increasingly exposed to anthropogenic stressors such as noise pollution and high temperatures. Many anthropogenic stressors jointly affect wildlife, yet are often studied in isolation, so it is largely unknown how multiple stressors affect animals in combination and whether there are interactive effects. My research addresses this knowledge gap using Eastern bluebirds, which were once in major decline from habitat loss, but have rebounded due to artificial nest boxes. I am assessing how heat and noise affect maternal care behavior, how heat and noise affect nestling growth and fledge timing, and how urbanization relates to adult learning performance and neophobia. My study takes a novel approach by utilizing Raspberry Pi camera systems for continuous, remote monitoring of female incubation and provisioning, as well as a novel operant conditioning device with a mechanical sliding door and two perches (one “correct” and the other “incorrect”) to test learning. The results of this study will provide critical information about how co-occurring anthropogenic stressors interact to affect wildlife behavior in an increasingly urbanized world |
| 2:45 |
How to Become an Influencer: Behavioral Drivers of Social Network Variation in Fruit Flies
Katie West1, Julia Saltz1 et al.(1) Indiana University Bloomington
How to Become an Influencer: Behavioral Drivers of Social Network Variation in Fruit Flies Katie West1, Julia Saltz1 et al.(1) Indiana University BloomingtonHow individual behavior scales to shape social structure is a central question in animal behavior. In social networks, an individual's influence is often quantified as centrality, a measure of how well-connected an individual is to other highly connected individuals. Despite the progress in quantifying relationships between individuals, the traits driving variation in influence remain unclear. This project investigates how behavioral traits contribute to social network positions in D. melanogaster. Using 16 natural genotypes with known centrality metrics (n = 896), we quantified aggression and courtship behavior across five nutritional environments varying in protein-to-carbohydrate ratios. Results showed aggression and courtship are positively associated with centrality across sex and nutritional environment, indicating these behaviors may shape centrality across environments. Hence, aggression and courtship may be key mechanisms through which high-centrality individuals exert greater influence, while less aggressive individuals have a limited impact on social dynamics. Overall, this work advances our understanding of how variation among individuals generates network structure. |
Digital Enrichment: Parrots and computers adapt to each other to create gamified data collection
Constance Woodman1(1) Field Data Services
Digital Enrichment: Parrots and computers adapt to each other to create gamified data collectionConstance Woodman1(1) Field Data ServicesWhen animals interact with software, animal-interactive software can make simple decisions and train animals in how to use the software. Decisions by the software allow for the software to provide bridge and rewards, change difficulty in real time in response to animal activity, pause taking data in sub-optimal conditions, and collect multi-variate data. Data include position, task type, vocalization volume, and task successes or outcomes. Automated software offers improvements on gathering data on perception and behavior. Behavior based tests may involve complex animal training tasks. The human element of training can reduce replicability and the time intensive nature of training can limit n-values as well as scope. Through a gamified, auto-shaping system, multiple species of parrots learned to carry out a desired task set without human presence at any step. The task required moving a cursor linked to body position to interact with onscreen elements, while the computed recorded pre, during, and post data. |
The effects of thermal stress on reproductive success and fitness
Dariana M Gomez1, Kasey Fowler-Finn1 et al.(1) Saint Louis University
The effects of thermal stress on reproductive success and fitnessDariana M Gomez1, Kasey Fowler-Finn1 et al.(1) Saint Louis UniversityThe thermal environment experienced across the life cycle affects nearly every aspect of reproduction in insects, with important fitness consequences. The impact on mating behavior and reproductive output, however, is highly sensitive to the timing of exposure to different thermal conditions. Here, we exposed insects to thermal stress at different life stages and measured the resulting mating rates and survival in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers. We collected early instar juveniles from the field, maintained them at 23ºC on potted host plants in the laboratory, and exposed them as late-stage juveniles or early-stage adults to three days of cold stress (18ºC), hot stress (28ºC) or no stress. We then ran mating trials across temperatures found naturally in the field (18ºC to 42ºC). The no stress group was more likely to mate compared to the cold stress group as juveniles. We also found variation in survival across groups. Next, we will look at fertility and fecundity to model how thermal stress affects population dynamics. Overall, the carryover effects we observed could have important implications for population resilience to changing global thermal conditions. |
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| 3:00 |
Benefits and drawbacks of AI in animal behavior: a case study in spider locomotion and communication
Erin E Brandt1(1) Grand Valley State University
Benefits and drawbacks of AI in animal behavior: a case study in spider locomotion and communicationErin E Brandt1(1) Grand Valley State UniversityIn the fields of animal behavior and biomechanics, there has been a proliferation of machine learning tools to simplify workflows and reduce the time spent on tedious tasks like video tracking. I will discuss benefits and drawbacks of some such tools in the context of my work in spider locomotion and communication. From my perspective at a primarily undergraduate institution, I stress the importance of carefully considering how, when, and why these methods are deployed, in service of developing robust “UI” (undergraduate intelligence) in junior researchers.I argue that some data sets are not well-suited to machine learning tools. In these cases, simpler, less opaque methods may in fact be faster and more accurate, though also more labor-intensive. Importantly, junior researchers working on projects with some “hands on” data processing and analysis gain a deep, immersive knowledge of a dataset, giving them ownership and empowering them to become experts of the dataset. Hands-on immersion develops important scientific skills in junior researchers, such as attention to detail, a critical scientific eye, and the opportunity to take a project further based on their developed insight. |
Work Harder or Work Smarter? Foraging Effort & Efficiency in Bumblebees
Sheila Shu-Laam Chan1,2, Claire T. Hemingway1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (2) The Collaborative for Animal Behavior (CoLAB), The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (3) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Work Harder or Work Smarter? Foraging Effort & Efficiency in BumblebeesSheila Shu-Laam Chan1,2, Claire T. Hemingway1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (2) The Collaborative for Animal Behavior (CoLAB), The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (3) Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleAlthough division of labor is a hallmark of eusocial insects, bumblebees exhibit flexible task allocation, not fixed specialization. How individuals decide which tasks to perform under such flexibility remains poorly understood. We investigated whether individual foraging performance predicts foraging effort in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens). Good foragers may show greater effort, collecting more nectar per trip (work harder); conversely, they may invest less effort, as fewer trips yield the same amount (work smarter). We tested individual bees in the lab with an array of flowers in two colors associated with different quality ‘nectar’ rewards. We measured individual foraging efficiency as by the quality and quantity ‘nectar’ collected by each bee as well as the trial period and effort by the number of foraging trials made and inter-trial intervals. This work will help reveal how bees integrate information about task performance when specializing on a task, advancing our understanding of the regulation of task performance and division of labor in highly social animals. |
Anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish is modulated by cannabinoids in a dose-response pattern
Gustavo V. Silva1, Milena S. Almeida1, Nina P. C. Alves1, Percilia C. Giaquinto1 et al.(1) Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciencies, Sao Paulo State University
Anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish is modulated by cannabinoids in a dose-response patternGustavo V. Silva1, Milena S. Almeida1, Nina P. C. Alves1, Percilia C. Giaquinto1 et al.(1) Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciencies, Sao Paulo State UniversityAnxiety-like behavior guides avoidance responses to threats and, when exacerbated, may impair adaptive capacity. The endocannabinoid system modulates anxiety, however, the effects of exogenous cannabinoids remain unclear in animal models. We investigated the effects of cannabis oil on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Fifty-four adults were treated for 7 days with vehicle (Control) or cannabis oil (1, 10, or 20 mg/kg of cannabidiol; CBD1, CBD10, CBD20, respectively). Fish were tested in the novel tank and light–dark preference tests. In the novel tank test, exploratory behavior was recorded for 5 min, with no significant group differences. In the light–dark test, fish were habituated in the dark compartment and then allowed to explore both compartments; immediate and late responses were analyzed. CBD10 fish showed shorter latency to enter the light compartment and fewer late risk assessment behaviors than all groups, consistent with an anxiolytic effect. In contrast, CBD1 and CBD20 reduced exploration from early to late phases, suggesting adaptive behavioral adjustment. In conclusion, cannabis oil may reduce anxiety-like behavior or promote adaptive flexibility. |
Acute Stress Disrupts Brain Redox Homeostasis in a Cichlid Fish
Farjana A. Chamily1, Sarah H. Wojtylko1, Peter D. Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan University
Acute Stress Disrupts Brain Redox Homeostasis in a Cichlid FishFarjana A. Chamily1, Sarah H. Wojtylko1, Peter D. Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan UniversityStress increases metabolic activity in the brain, elevating the production of reactive oxygen species, which are typically buffered by antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. However, how animals cope with acute oxidative insults while preserving redox balance is relatively unknown. Using Astatotilapia burtoni, we examined temporal changes in brain oxidative status following an acute stressor. Individually housed males were exposed to 3 minutes of air exposure and sampled at 15-, 30-, and 60-minutes post-stress. Acute stress did not affect malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation) or superoxide dismutase (SOD, antioxidant enzyme) at any time point. However, antioxidant capacity, measured as the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, showed a significant interaction between treatment and time, with air exposed males showing increased oxidative stress at 60 minutes post-stress. Interestingly, stressed males with high gonadosomatic index (GSI) had significantly lower MDA and higher SOD. These findings indicate that stress disrupts brain redox homeostasis, but individuals with high GSI can regulate oxidative defenses to maintain redox balance. |
| 3:15 |
The Evolution of Play and Politics
Gordon M Burghardt1(1) University of Tennessee
The Evolution of Play and PoliticsGordon M Burghardt1(1) University of TennesseePlay behavior has always had a political dimension, especially in humans where, at least in the West, it was often considered a frivolous distraction from formal learning in school age children and productive work in adults. In recent decades findings in the comparative diversity of play throughout the animal kingdom have made the linkage between nonhuman animal and human play critical for understanding play in all its richness, as well as the adaptive benefits it may secure, some of which are reviewed. There are, however, political and social organizational consequences of adult social play beyond puritanical motives and these seem to have been unexplored in a comparative framework. New comparative analyses of adult social play in nonhuman primates uncovered strong links between authoritarian and despotic societies and the suppression of adult play in nonhuman primates. This similarity to the suppression of adult play, creativity, and the arts in human despotic and authoritarian societies throughout history reveals more deep evolutionary roots in human social organization variation and the role of play than traditional social science has entertained. |
Nutritional Benefits of Ant Specialization in the Twin-flagged Jumping Spider (Anasaitis canosus)
Kayla Stalcup1, Lisa Taylor1 et al.(1) University of Florida
Nutritional Benefits of Ant Specialization in the Twin-flagged Jumping Spider (Anasaitis canosus)Kayla Stalcup1, Lisa Taylor1 et al.(1) University of Florida Many predators are generalists, consuming a variety of prey types. However, diet specialization has evolved across taxa, with predators becoming highly adapted to preying on specific, often dangerous, prey. Ant-specialization is well-documented in several jumping spider species, yet little is known about the nutritional benefits of eating ants. Here, we use a diet manipulation experiment to test the hypothesis that Anasaitis canosus will benefit nutritionally when ants are included in their diet compared to when they are not. Field-collected juveniles were randomly assigned to one of two diet treatments: (1) a ‘no ant’ high-quality diet of crickets and flies or (2) an ‘ant diet’composed of crickets, flies, and the addition of two ant species (Dorymyrmex bureni and Solenopsis invicta). The spiders were fed these diets three times per week until maturity to assess growth and mating success. Adult females then remained on the diets for 60 additional days to assess the number of eggs that were laid and spiderlings that hatched. Results will be discussed in the context of the fitness consequences and evolution of specialization in jumping spiders, as well as other animals. |
Stressed leads to repeatable colony-level aggression in western thatch ants (F. obscuripes)
Jessica A. Cusick1, Chloe Loveland1, Rachel Hatton1, Josh Grinath2 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) Idaho State University
Stressed leads to repeatable colony-level aggression in western thatch ants (F. obscuripes)Jessica A. Cusick1, Chloe Loveland1, Rachel Hatton1, Josh Grinath2 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) Idaho State UniversityIndividuals display consistent differences in behavior indicative of personality. Personality is partially driven by individual differences in stress mechanisms and experiencing stress can cause consistent difference in behavior, resulting in aggressive and cooperative personality types. In many eusocial invertebrates, colonies collectively differ in behavioral traits and have means to buffer the colony from stress. For eusocial species, whether consistent colony-level behavioral differences occur in non-foraging contexts and the role stress plays is less clear. We randomly exposed western thatch ant (Formica obscuripes) nests to a simulated bear attack stressor. To assess consistent nest difference in behavior, we measured ant aggression twice during a season across three years (n=7 stressed, n=8 control). Stressed (r=0.23, p< 0.05) not control (r=0, p>0.5) nests were significantly, mildly repeatable in their aggression and were more temporally stable (GLMM 10.63, p< 0.01). Our results suggest stressors play a role in mediating consistent colony-level aggression and further support previous work that traits can be consistent in eusocial species. |
3:30 PM – 4:00 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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4:00 PM – 5:30 PM
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Pavillion
Symposium: Ai Insights into Animal Behavior Concepts (3)
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Rookwood
Color and Multisensory Cues
Chairs: Jordan Price, Nathan Morehouse |
Rosewood
Human-Animal Interactions
Chairs: Lauryn Benedict, Karen Jesch |
Salon H & I
Host-Parasite Interactions
Chairs: Jose Crespo, Rachael Kramp |
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| 4:00 |
Closing the loop between AI and animal behavior
Sandra Winters1(1) University of Colorado Boulder
Closing the loop between AI and animal behaviorSandra Winters1(1) University of Colorado BoulderMachine learning and artificial intelligence (“AI”) are powerful approaches for studying the evolution of animal behavior and morphology, especially when carefully grounded in the underlying biology of modeled systems. I discuss the advantages and drawbacks of AI-based research, highlighting research in animal communication as a representative case study. I emphasize the importance of careful calibration and validation of AI-generated results in biological systems as key to avoiding potential pitfalls, and point to AI and experimentation as complementary approaches that can reinforce one another: AI can search for patterns or (potential) phenotypic optima that would otherwise be nearly impossible to identify, and experiments can demonstrate causality and ground AI-generated results in living systems. To unlock the full potential of AI, future animal behavior research should embrace an integrative and multidisciplinary approach that harnesses the power and scope of AI alongside traditional methods that are critical for evaluating predictions in naturally behaving animals. |
Intraspecific color variation in a neotropical lizard and its evolutionary implications
Janelle B. Talavera1, Thomas H.Q. Powell1, Lindsey Swierk1 et al.(1) Binghamton University, State University of New York
Intraspecific color variation in a neotropical lizard and its evolutionary implications Janelle B. Talavera1, Thomas H.Q. Powell1, Lindsey Swierk1 et al.(1) Binghamton University, State University of New YorkMate choice for colorful signals has been widely studied as a mechanism of sexual selection. There is still more to be understood about how ecological factors can affect mate choice and sexual signals among populations. Male Anolis lizards have sexual signals called dewlaps that are brightly colored and used for mate choice and intrasexual interactions. Anolis aquaticus is a southern Costa Rican species that exhibits intraspecific variation, as populations’ dewlaps vary in color from red to yellow. We hypothesize this variation in sexual signals relates to responsiveness to colorful signal among populations. We used visual modeling to simulate anole vision and model dewlap conspicuousness to the eyes of A. aquaticus, conducted visual grasp response trials as a proxy for mate choice. We found that the “yellow-ness” of a dewlap varies among populations, and larger male A. aquaticus respond to yellow stimuli more than smaller males. These results suggest the amount of yellow in dewlaps may be a signal that not only varies among populations but also elicits population-specific responses, potentially indicating that dewlap color selection may vary by population in this species. |
Do companion parrots use human and animal names as vocal labels?
Lauryn Benedict1, Viktoria Groiss2, Marisa Hoeschele3, Eva Reinisch3, Christine Dahlin4 et al.(1) University of Northern Colorado; (2) University of Vienna; (3) Austrian Academy of Sciences; (4) University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
Do companion parrots use human and animal names as vocal labels?Lauryn Benedict1, Viktoria Groiss2, Marisa Hoeschele3, Eva Reinisch3, Christine Dahlin4 et al.(1) University of Northern Colorado; (2) University of Vienna; (3) Austrian Academy of Sciences; (4) University of Pittsburgh at JohnstownHumans organize social interactions in part by referring to others using proper names. Names might also facilitate the complex social lives of animals. Several animal species produce signature sounds in nature and can vocally target interaction partners, but researchers hesitate to call these names. A more direct way to ask if animals can use names is with species that learn human words. We used survey data to determine whether parrots that live with humans regularly learn names and use them as individual vocal labels. Survey takers were asked about word and phrase use by companion parrots; 47% of reports on 884 birds included examples of name use in social situations including greetings, separations, and when seeking attention. Reports on 88 birds of 30 species suggested that parrots applied names appropriately as vocal labels for humans and animals. At the same time, many parrots used names in contexts outside of typical human linguistic conventions. Results indicate that parrots have the cognitive capacity to learn and use names in a variety of situations, sometimes applying them as vocal labels when communicating with or about others during social interactions. |
Evidence for a genetic correlation between parasite resistance and female mate preference
Payton A. Schaefer1, Michal Polak1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Evidence for a genetic correlation between parasite resistance and female mate preferencePayton A. Schaefer1, Michal Polak1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiAvoidance of parasitized mates is widely documented in animals, suggesting that parasitism plays an important role in sexual selection. If females prefer parasite-free males and parasite resistance is heritable, theoretical models predict the build-up of genetic covariance between resistance and female preference. Empirical tests of this prediction are rare. We examined the effect of ectoparasitic mites, Gamasodes pachysetis, on female mate choice in their natural host, Drosophila albomicans. Currently parasitized males elicited more rejection from females than never parasitized and previously parasitized males. Rejection responses were associated with reduced copulation success, indicating female preference for parasite-free mates. We then conducted twelve generations of artificial selection for increased parasite resistance. Resistance increased across replicate lines, indicating heritability. Females from selection lines were less likely to mate with parasitized males than control females, consistent with a correlated response in female mate preference to selection for resistance. These findings provide rare empirical support for the predicted genetic coupling of these traits. |
| 4:15 |
Female plumage colors evolve more rapidly than male colors in New World blackbirds
J. Jordan Price1, Muir D. Eaton2 et al.(1) St. Mary’s College of Maryland; (2) Drake University
Female plumage colors evolve more rapidly than male colors in New World blackbirdsJ. Jordan Price1, Muir D. Eaton2 et al.(1) St. Mary’s College of Maryland; (2) Drake UniversityDifferences in coloration between the sexes (sexual dichromatism) can increase or decrease in a species through evolutionary changes in either or both sexes diverging or converging in their colors. Few studies, however, have reconstructed past changes to examine the relative rates of such changes when dichromatism was gained or lost. Using reflectance data from 37 species of the New World blackbird family (Icteridae), we compared evolutionary rates of plumage color change in males and females within and among taxa. Our results show that female colors have generally changed more dramatically than male colors, despite males appearing more divergent among species. Increases in dichromatism have involved divergent changes in both sexes at approximately equal rates, with females of different species often converging on similar patterns. Decreases in dichromatism, in contrast, have involved changes in females to match male colors that were significantly more rapid than any changes in males. Our findings suggest that, despite appearances, female plumage evolution plays a more prominent role in sexual dichromatism than is generally assumed. |
The Effect of Human Demonstrated Local Enhancement on Dogs and Dingoes
Karen Jesch1, Angie Johnston1 et al.(1) Boston College
The Effect of Human Demonstrated Local Enhancement on Dogs and DingoesKaren Jesch1, Angie Johnston1 et al.(1) Boston CollegeLocal enhancement is a social learning mechanism by which an animal’s attention is drawn to one location following the presence of another animal, increasing the observer’s likelihood of visiting the enhanced location. The ability of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to use local enhancement to correctly identify the location of hidden food has been well documented, while their relative the Australian dingo (Canis dingo) has not yet been assessed. The current study set out to investigate under what conditions local enhancement from a human occurs, and how canines use it as a strategy even when it indicates a sub-obtimal foraging location. This study tested 30 dogs and 10 dingoes on a two-plate choice task with three demonstration types varying in communicativeness. Both dogs and dingoes performed significantly worse in the presence of a demonstrator relative to the control condition with no demonstrator (dogs: ps < .001; dingoes: ps ≤ 0.028). There were no species differences in the non-communicative (p = 0.76) or communicative (p = 0.98) test conditions. The two test conditions did not differ from one another for either species (ps ≥ .85). |
Dispersal strategy and behavior in Halarachnidae parasitic mites of South American fur seals
Jose E Crespo1, Juan Cruz Altube DE Noia1, Juan P Loureiro2, Lucia Perez Zippilli1, Dolores Erviti2, Gustavo A Martinez1, Marcela K Castelo1 et al.(1) Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental-Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de los Mares (LEE-GIEM), Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ci; (2) Fundación Mundo Marino
Dispersal strategy and behavior in Halarachnidae parasitic mites of South American fur sealsJose E Crespo1, Juan Cruz Altube DE Noia1, Juan P Loureiro2, Lucia Perez Zippilli1, Dolores Erviti2, Gustavo A Martinez1, Marcela K Castelo1 et al.(1) Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental-Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de los Mares (LEE-GIEM), Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ci; (2) Fundación Mundo MarinoHalarachnidae mites are obligate endoparasites of the respiratory tract of pinnipeds. Larvae are the dispersive stage and must survive external environmental conditions to colonize new hosts. We studied behavioral and ecophysiological adaptations underlying dispersal in Orthohalarachne attenuata (OA) and O. diminuata (OD), two species co-infesting Arctocephalus australis fur seal in South America. We evaluated thermal tolerance, locomotion capacity, and responses to hypoxia, humidity, and salinity. OA showed broader tolerance to both high and low temperatures, while OD exhibited greater locomotion capacity. Both species tolerated hypoxia, consistent with host diving behavior, but were susceptible to desiccation, making humidity the primary constraint for off-host survival. Hyperosmotic conditions were lethal for OA but not OD, suggesting interspecific differences in cuticle properties. These results reveal two potential distinct dispersal strategies: OA would rely on physiological resilience to endure environmental exposure, whereas OD on rapid host-finding through active locomotion behavior. These findings expand our understanding of host-parasite coevolution in marine mammals. |
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| 4:30 |
AI for Nature: From Science to Action
Tanya Berger-Wolf1(1) Ohio State University
AI for Nature: From Science to ActionTanya Berger-Wolf1(1) Ohio State UniversityComputation has transformed how we study nature. Technologies such as GPS, high-definition and autonomous imaging, eDNA, bioacoustics, and crowdsourcing, now generate multimodal, multiscale, multisensory data about life on Earth at unprecedented richness. Yet our ability to extract insight from these data still lags behind our ability to collect them. This talk will showcase how AI can turn massive collections of multi-modal data into high resolution information database about living organisms, enabling scientific discovery, conservation, and policy decisions. It will introduce imageomics, a new field of science, and present a vision for AI as a trustworthy partner in scientific discovery. |
YOU DO BOTH? CAMOUFLAGE AND APOSEMATISM LOWER PREDATION RISK IN A TREEFROG
Angela M. E. Mish1, Gerlinde Höbel1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
YOU DO BOTH? CAMOUFLAGE AND APOSEMATISM LOWER PREDATION RISK IN A TREEFROGAngela M. E. Mish1, Gerlinde Höbel1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Coloration is often used for predator avoidance, with common tactics being camouflage (blending into surrounding) and aposematic coloration (conspicuous warning colors). Some organisms, such as Eastern Gray Treefrogs, may use both strategies: they can change color to improve camouflage of their bodies and reveal hidden patches of aposematic coloration on their legs. We conducted a clay model study to determine if camouflage, aposematic coloration, or their interaction provided greatest protection from predation. We found that aposematic leg color protected gray models but did not affect predation in green models. We also took photographs of each placed model and it’s surrounding, which allows us to compare model-background contrasts (estimated as Just Noticeable Difference, JND) between models that were preyed on or not. We will calculate vision models for different putative avian and mammalian predators to estimate whether lower JND values correlate with lower levels of predation. |
Experimenter attitudes influence animal behaviour unknowingly in animal studies
Svenja Capitain1, Gwendolyn Wirobski2, Catherine-Noémie A. Guran3,4, Andreas Berghänel5, Claus Lamm4, Sarah Marshall-Pescini1, Friederike Range1 et al.(1) Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; (2) Comparative Cognition Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Université de Neuchâtel; (3) Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg; (4) Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna; (5) Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim
Experimenter attitudes influence animal behaviour unknowingly in animal studiesSvenja Capitain1, Gwendolyn Wirobski2, Catherine-Noémie A. Guran3,4, Andreas Berghänel5, Claus Lamm4, Sarah Marshall-Pescini1, Friederike Range1 et al.(1) Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; (2) Comparative Cognition Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Université de Neuchâtel; (3) Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg; (4) Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna; (5) Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of HildesheimAnimal behaviour research relies on experimental designs that minimize human influence on animals under study. While efforts to control experimenter bias have traditionally focused on explicit expectancy effects, the role of researchers’ attitudes remains poorly understood. We examined how experienced animal handlers’ explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious) attitudes shape the behaviour of human-socialized dogs and wolves during common sociability tests. Explicit attitudes predicted animals’ affiliation and discomfort behaviours, whereas implicit attitudes were associated with handlers’ heart rate variability, which again modulated animal affiliation. Explicit and implicit attitudes were not correlated, suggesting that handlers were unaware of the biases influencing their interactions. Time-series analyses revealed strong reciprocal behavioural coupling between humans and both canid species. These findings demonstrate that subtle, often unrecognized human attitudes can systematically influence animal behaviour in experimental contexts. Such effects may introduce artifacts or amplify apparent species differences, calling for improved methods in animal behaviour studies. |
The Effect of Opposing Sexual and Natural Selective Pressures on the Mating Calls of Parasitized Katydids
Kayla Murphy1, Oliver Beckers1 et al.(1) Murray State University
The Effect of Opposing Sexual and Natural Selective Pressures on the Mating Calls of Parasitized KatydidsKayla Murphy1, Oliver Beckers1 et al.(1) Murray State UniversityMale katydids produce acoustic calls to attract mates, but these calls also attract the parasitoid fly Ormia lineifrons that deposits lethal larvae on the katydid. Continued calling of parasitized males increases the risk of superparasitism, which is costly to the fly because later deposited larvae die with the host when the first clutch of larvae emerges. Thus, natural selection exerted by the parasitoid should favor reduced calling or altered calls to indicate the host’s parasitism status. Sexual selection however, should favor unaltered host calls and an increase in calling activity before the impending death. We hypothesized that the stronger of these opposing selective pressures would shape host calling. We recorded calls from unparasitized and parasitized males of three Neoconocephalus hosts. Neoconocephalus retusus ceased calling immediately after infestation and N. robustus reduced calling amount while calls remained unchanged, suggesting natural selection explaining this result. In contrast, N. velox increased calling effort of unchanged calls, suggesting sexual selection explaining this result. We discuss the contrasting results in the context of the species ecology. |
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A Piscivore’s Guide to Its Perceptual Universe: Multimodal Sensory Strategies During Foraging
Maya McElfish1, Gabriella Corneille1, Daniella Léon2, Rita Mehta1 et al.(1) University of California Santa Cruz; (2) University of Southern California
A Piscivore’s Guide to Its Perceptual Universe: Multimodal Sensory Strategies During ForagingMaya McElfish1, Gabriella Corneille1, Daniella Léon2, Rita Mehta1 et al.(1) University of California Santa Cruz; (2) University of Southern CaliforniaRocky reefs off Santa Catalina Island support high fish diversity, with species differing in diet and foraging tactics. Yet sensory mechanisms underlying foraging success remain poorly understood. Our goal was to test how visual, olfactory, and gustatory systems are used during discrete stages of the foraging sequence for two piscivores, the California moray eel (Gymnothorax mordax) and kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus). By deploying underwater cameras attached to an experimental apparatus in the field, we were able to test these stimuli both in isolation and combination under natural conditions. Despite dietary overlap, we found differences in the stimuli that facilitate foraging success. Morays were chemically dependent, relying on odor to detect and locate prey, and taste to initiate prey apprehension, whereas kelp bass used a combination of visual and odor cues to complete stages of predation. This project helps provide a mechanistic framework to study predator-prey dynamics. |
The role of insect behavior in pollination for small scale urban agriculture: a community-based approach
Aimee Dunlap1, George Todd1, Ed Spevak2, Nicole Miller-Struttmann3 et al.(1) University of Missouri, St. Louis; (2) Saint Louis Zoo; (3) Webster University
The role of insect behavior in pollination for small scale urban agriculture: a community-based approachAimee Dunlap1, George Todd1, Ed Spevak2, Nicole Miller-Struttmann3 et al.(1) University of Missouri, St. Louis; (2) Saint Louis Zoo; (3) Webster UniversityCommunity orchards are a growing movement in urban agriculture and can help address food insecurity. St. Louis, Missouri has over 50 of these orchards but fruit production varies greatly between years. We apply techniques from animal behavior to tackle the problem of maximizing fruit production, studying how ecological intensification and socio-environmental background affects pollination services in small orchards. We present results from extensive experiments across 5 years, comparing 18 orchards across urban gradients. Using comprehensive video surveillance of pollinators and behavior on flowers, we test how behavior interacts with co-blooming plants, nesting resources, and the surrounding landscape on pollination for fruiting trees. Work from our larger team shows that fruiting trees from some orchards are pollen limited, and that only few species of bees and flies represent most flower visitors. We connect these results with behavioral results and measures of productivity. We describe how our research uses a community-based approach spanning social dimensions across St. Louis and includes partnerships with community gardeners and neighbors, allowing us to have a useful impact. |
The Microbiome Influences Ectoparasitic Infection and Host Behavior in Trinidadian Guppies
Rachael D. Kramp1, Faith H. Rovenolt1, Devin Henry1, Lindsay Colgan1, Catherine Wynne1, Jason Walsman2,3, Jessica Stephenson4 et al.(1) University of Pittsburgh; (2) Earth Research Institute, University of California; (3) Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University; (4) Stockholm University
The Microbiome Influences Ectoparasitic Infection and Host Behavior in Trinidadian GuppiesRachael D. Kramp1, Faith H. Rovenolt1, Devin Henry1, Lindsay Colgan1, Catherine Wynne1, Jason Walsman2,3, Jessica Stephenson4 et al.(1) University of Pittsburgh; (2) Earth Research Institute, University of California; (3) Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University; (4) Stockholm UniversityRecent research has highlighted the host-associated microbiome as a factor important to both host behavior and infection response. Here I use a uniquely experimentally tractable fish-parasite system (guppy P. reticulata—ectoparasitic flatworm G. turnbulli) to test how microbiome disruption alters host behavior during infection. I reared guppies to adulthood under three treatments: conventional lab conditions, conventional conditions supplemented with a probiotic, or sterilized "microbially-disrupted" water. Following rearing, each fish was infected with G. turnbulli for 15 days, and on the tenth day of infection, I quantified activity and social behavior. Microbially-disrupted fish exhibited reduced sociality compared to fish from conventional and probiotic treatments. While infection severity, growth rate, and male orange coloration also varied between treatments, structural equation modeling revealed that the microbiome's influence on behavior was direct. These results demonstrate that the host-associated microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping host social behavior during infection, with potentially profound implications for parasite transmission and host fitness. |
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Panel Discussion
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Sensory drive selects for increased salience of courtship color and motion in Habronattus spiders
Nathan I Morehouse1, David Morris1, Abhinav Madabhushi1, Sebastian Echeverri2, David Outomuro2, Imogen Watts1, Daniel Zurek1, Wayne Maddison3 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) University of Pittsburgh; (3) University of British Columbia
Sensory drive selects for increased salience of courtship color and motion in Habronattus spidersNathan I Morehouse1, David Morris1, Abhinav Madabhushi1, Sebastian Echeverri2, David Outomuro2, Imogen Watts1, Daniel Zurek1, Wayne Maddison3 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) University of Pittsburgh; (3) University of British ColumbiaSensory drive theory posits that sensory systems and associated signaling traits should co-evolve under selection for increased efficacy, such that evolutionary trajectories reflect adaptation to divergent signaling environments. Evidence for this process is well established in aquatic systems, but results from terrestrial taxa remain mixed. Using Habronattus jumping spiders, we tested the sensory-drive-based prediction that male courtship elements have evolved to be most salient in their own environments by 1) comparing color contrasts of focal species in their home environments to those across environments of all other species in our study, and 2) comparing parameters of courtship movements to motion characteristics of backgrounds in native habitats. For color ornaments, we find a consistent pattern of higher salience in home environments compared to heterospecific microhabitats. For courtship movement, we reveal a strong signature of habitat motion suggesting a history of selection for increased motion salience. Taken together, our work reveals a key role for sensory drive in the evolution of courtship elements in this terrestrial animal group. |
Surviving but not Thriving: The Health Paradox of Living in an Urbanized World
Madeline Grace1, Ximena Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Surviving but not Thriving: The Health Paradox of Living in an Urbanized WorldMadeline Grace1, Ximena Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteAs urbanization reshapes ecosystems, it drives shifts in prey availability that influence wildlife foraging and nutritional health. These novel foodscapes can promote behavioral and morphological changes compared to the strategies used in natural habitats. Such changes diverge from feeding strategies shaped over evolutionary time, potentially impacting the physiology and fitness of urban animals. Despite growing recognition of urban “winner” species, the nutritional and health consequences of these dietary shifts remain poorly understood. We propose integrating foraging ecology with nutritional and physiological outcomes to better understand how urban landscapes shape wildlife health. We outline how changes in prey availability and reliance on anthropogenic resources disrupt nutrient balance and gut microbial communities, generating hidden costs despite apparent success. Using túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus), dietary specialists abundant in cities, as an empirical case, we examine how urban-driven dietary change influences prey preference and nutrition. Advancing this integrative framework is essential for uncovering mechanisms underlying wildlife responses to urbanization. |
Reproductive state shapes auditory perception and host-seeking behavior in Ormia ochracea
Norman Lee1,2, Lauren Bitner1, Jessica Cho-Ah-Ying2, Quang Vu1, Addie Rossinow1, Julia Morgan1, Chloe Greene1, Aria Whalen1, Andrew Mason2 et al.(1) St. Olaf College; (2) University of Toronto
Reproductive state shapes auditory perception and host-seeking behavior in Ormia ochraceaNorman Lee1,2, Lauren Bitner1, Jessica Cho-Ah-Ying2, Quang Vu1, Addie Rossinow1, Julia Morgan1, Chloe Greene1, Aria Whalen1, Andrew Mason2 et al.(1) St. Olaf College; (2) University of TorontoInternal physiological states can alter how animals perceive and respond to sensory information. Reproduction is a major life-history transition that can reshape neural processing and behavior, yet its effects on sensory systems remain poorly understood in insects. The acoustic parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea relies on hearing to locate singing crickets that serve as hosts for its developing larvae. We tested whether auditory sensitivity and host-seeking behavior change across reproductive states. Using walking phonotaxis assays and neurophysiological recordings, we compared unmated females, mated females, and gravid females carrying developed larvae. Gravid flies showed stronger phonotactic responses, with more individuals orienting toward cricket song. Neurophysiological recordings revealed lower auditory thresholds in mated and gravid females compared with unmated controls, particularly at frequencies corresponding to host cricket songs. These results show that reproductive state modulates auditory sensitivity and behavior in O. ochracea, likely enhancing host detection when females are carrying developing larvae. |
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Visual and mechanosensory cues drive social interaction in fathead minnow embryos
Jewel Johnson1, Jessica Ward1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Ball State University
Visual and mechanosensory cues drive social interaction in fathead minnow embryos Jewel Johnson1, Jessica Ward1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Ball State UniversityMost animals are oviparous, starting life as immobile embryos. While this stage is vulnerable to predators and environmental hazards, evidence suggests embryos can sense threats and modulate their behavior. Most research focuses on embryos sampling their direct environment, yet many species lay eggs in clutches, allowing for potential social cue sampling between nestmates to detect danger. We investigated these sensory mechanisms in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). These fish produce transparent embryos that, by four days post-fertilization, can perceive both light and mechanosensory cues. We conducted a factorial experiment comparing embryonic activity when exposed to visual only, mechanosensory only, both, or no social cues, before and after a simulated predator attack. Our results indicate that embryos perceive both types of cues from nestmates regardless of threat levels. Preliminary data also show higher synchrony within clutches compared to isolated embryos. Ultimately, this study confirms that embryos are active organisms capable of processing complex social information, adding to our understanding of how early-life interactions facilitate survival. |
Agent-based simulations reveal the probability of mortality under four natural selection environments
Deby Cassill1(1) University of South Florida
Agent-based simulations reveal the probability of mortality under four natural selection environments Deby Cassill1(1) University of South FloridaAgent-based simulations tested four combinations of two drivers of offspring mortality: predation and starvation. In support of the genetic drift hypothesis, weak selected environments favored longevity among solitary individuals. In support of the selfish herd hypothesis, high predation environments favored the formation of non-kin groups. In support of a family-systems hypothesis, starvation selected environments during seasonal gaps in resources favored the fusion of parent and offspring into family units. In support of Aristotle’s mutual dependency hypothesis, we show that a combination of high predation and starvation environments favored the fusion of family units into societies of cooperative hierarchies. Those at the top shared increments of abundant resources with those at the margins, to keep them alive during extended gaps in resources. By sharing, those at top were buffered from predators or invaders by those at the margins. In summary, their mutual dependency revealed that cooperative societies do not evolve for the good of the group or the species. Rather, cooperative societies evolve for the good of the individuals therein. |
Sniff, Sting, or Share: Integrating Chemical Cues and Social Immunity Across Honey Bee Lineages
SAKSHI WATTS1, KERRY MAUCK1, BORIS BAER1 et al.(1) Center for Integrative Bee Research, Entomology department, University of California Riverside
Sniff, Sting, or Share: Integrating Chemical Cues and Social Immunity Across Honey Bee LineagesSAKSHI WATTS1, KERRY MAUCK1, BORIS BAER1 et al.(1) Center for Integrative Bee Research, Entomology department, University of California RiversideHost-pathogen interactions in honey bees (Apis mellifera) are shaped by individual immunity and social defenses, yet how these differ across genotypes remains unclear. We compared a commercial lineage with a highly hybridized Californian lineage in their responses to infection by the fungal pathogen Nosema ceranae, integrating infection intensity, volatile chemical cues, and bee-to-bee social interactions. Commercial bees showed lower infection intensities and a broader range of social immune behaviors, including aggression toward infected individuals, consistent with greater resistance and/or tolerance. In contrast, Californian bees exhibited higher infection levels and mainly non-defensive interactions. Surprisingly, volatile analyses revealed elevated alarm-related compounds (2-heptanone, isopentyl acetate) in Californian bees despite limited behavioral responses. This mismatch suggests that social immunity may rely more on contact-based cues than previously assumed, or reflect ongoing adaptation to a recent host-pathogen association. Together, these results highlight genotype-specific differences in resistance, tolerance, and integration of chemical and behavioral defenses. |
7:00 PM – 8:00 PM
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Pavillion
Plenary Session - Neil Losin & Nathan Dappen
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8:00 PM – 9:30 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Poster Session 2
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Behavioral Drivers of Disease Transmission in Declining Oldfield Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus)
Geethika P. Harischandra1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of Mississippi
Behavioral Drivers of Disease Transmission in Declining Oldfield Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) Geethika P. Harischandra1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of MississippiHabitat loss reduces biodiversity and increases disease risk, pushing populations towards an extinction vortex. A critical but overlooked mechanism is how community composition influences animal behavior and disease transmission. Once widespread, the Oldfield mouse (OFM; Peromyscus polionotus) range in mainland Mississippi has shrunk to two populations, while other co-occurring rodents in the same habitats have not declined. I propose to test the hypothesis that declining populations in fragmented habitats fall into a behavioral trap whereby social interactions increase disease exposure, furthering decline. Due to species-specific monogamy and habitat specialization, I predict OFM will show higher intraspecific social connectivity and less interspecific avoidance behavior with higher parasite burden than other rodents. I will monitor individuals in OFM populations using RFID tagging, video cameras to record visit frequency, co-feeding events and avoidance. Fecal samples are analyzed for gastrointestinal parasites. By linking behavioral and parasitic data to population decline, this work shows how behaviors can drive species toward an extinction vortex through disease transmission. |
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Behavioral and Developmental Impacts of Juvenile Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in the Black Soldier Fly.
Narmeen Hashim1, Elijah Persson-Gordon1, Samuel Durosaro1, Anastaysia Ivanchenko1, Alex Glica1, Syed Osman Hassan1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis
Behavioral and Developmental Impacts of Juvenile Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in the Black Soldier Fly.Narmeen Hashim1, Elijah Persson-Gordon1, Samuel Durosaro1, Anastaysia Ivanchenko1, Alex Glica1, Syed Osman Hassan1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University IndianapolisFew studies have looked at the impact of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) during insect development. We assessed the impact of larval CMUS on black soldier fly (BSF) behavior, growth, and survival. BSF larvae were assigned to a lower-stress (LS) or a CMUS group, with CMUS larvae receiving a random rotation of mild heat, cold, and disturbance stressors throughout only the larval period (CMUS-L) or the larval and pupal period (CMUS-P). We recorded larval mass daily and estimated survival to pupation and adulthood. We assessed larval tonic immobility, adult climbing, and open field performance. LS larvae showed significantly greater growth and increased survival to pupation and eclosion, though survival was higher in the CMUS-L conditions. CMUS-P conditions had poor survival, suggesting stressors were not mild during pupation. LS larvae froze longer in the TI test; LS adults outperformed CMUS in the climbing test and in the open field test. These data suggest that mild juvenile stress is important for growth, survival, and adult behavior and that insect farming should incorporate stress management. |
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Human Trauma Type Influences Equine Biobehavioral Outcomes During Equine-Assisted Services
Nicole M. Lorig1, Brooklyn Wagner2, Kimberly Cole2 et al.(1) University of Arizona College of Veterinary Medicine; (2) The Ohio State University Department of Animal Sciences
Human Trauma Type Influences Equine Biobehavioral Outcomes During Equine-Assisted ServicesNicole M. Lorig1, Brooklyn Wagner2, Kimberly Cole2 et al.(1) University of Arizona College of Veterinary Medicine; (2) The Ohio State University Department of Animal SciencesAs prey animals highly attuned to their social environment, equines are sensitive to the subtle cues of the humans they interact with. Despite this, few studies have examined how the characteristics shaping these cues influence equine outcomes. As equine-assisted services among trauma-exposed populations gains increasing attention, this study sought to understand whether human trauma history influenced equine oxytocin and behavioral outcomes across a four-session equine-assisted intervention. Human-equine dyads (n=36) completed weekly 30-minute sessions. Trauma type (PTSD, TBI, PTSD & TBI, none) was assessed via the PCL-5 and a TBI screening questionnaire. Saliva was collected pre- and post-session, while 60s scan sampling captured behavior. Equines paired with comorbid PTSD/TBI individuals showed increased salivary oxytocin (p< 0.01), more standing (p< 0.01), and less eating (p< 0.05) compared to other groups. Other behaviors did not differ. Overall, findings underscore the impact of human trauma characteristics on equine outcomes, and further understanding this may deepen insight into the human-equine dyad during equine-assisted services and inform welfare-centered practice. |
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Does pain impact how horses react to sound?
Rebecca A. Thompson1, Julia G. Parker1, Allie S. Andrukonis2, Virginia A. Buechner-Maxwell3, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia Polytechnic and State University; (2) University of Wisconsin; (3) Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Does pain impact how horses react to sound?Rebecca A. Thompson1, Julia G. Parker1, Allie S. Andrukonis2, Virginia A. Buechner-Maxwell3, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia Polytechnic and State University; (2) University of Wisconsin; (3) Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary MedicinePain is often an under recognized cause of behavior problems in animals. Recent canine research has found that dogs with orthopedic pain may develop generalized sound sensitivities. We tested whether horses experiencing different levels of lameness showed different responses to a sudden noise. Horses underwent a five-day study examining whether they changed across days to a once daily airhorn stimulus. To evaluate the behavioral response, we measured response latency and duration of behavior disruption in addition to assigning a reaction score and behavior change score. We also collected heart rate data before, during, and after the sound stimulus. While zero low lameness horses had an increasing reaction between day one and day five, two moderate lameness horses and three high lameness horses showed an increased reaction. In the high lameness horses only, the heart rate immediately before the air horn on day five was significantly higher when compared to day one (p = 0.038). To date we do not see a clear pattern of sensitization among higher lameness horses. However, recognizing sound sensitivities as a potential pain behavior could help horses to be treated sooner. |
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Nessus Sphinx Caterpillars Maintain Camouflage Across Color Change by Adjusting Background Selection Behavior
Thomas S. Lopez1, Rebecca Forkner1, Mark C. Lowell2, Vera Vasas3, Joao de Alcantara Viana1, Daniel Hanley1 et al.(1) George Mason University; (2) Theorem Engine; (3) University of Sheffield
Nessus Sphinx Caterpillars Maintain Camouflage Across Color Change by Adjusting Background Selection BehaviorThomas S. Lopez1, Rebecca Forkner1, Mark C. Lowell2, Vera Vasas3, Joao de Alcantara Viana1, Daniel Hanley1 et al.(1) George Mason University; (2) Theorem Engine; (3) University of SheffieldBackground selection is a strategy in which camouflaged animals navigate their environment based on their appearance, often positioning themselves against similarly-colored backgrounds. This improves their camouflage and reduces the risk of being seen by predators. Here we investigate camouflage and background selection in the color-changing Nessus sphinx caterpillar (Amphion floridensis). Caterpillars shift from green to brown coloration, with some individual expressing an intermediate pink phase. We confirm that these colors are distinct to avian predators; therefore, a caterpillar’s ability to remain hidden against host plant colors shifts over time. We use a dichotomous-choice test to determine if, and how, caterpillars adjust their behavior to maintain camouflage as their colors change. We found that they preferentially move across background colors which maximize their current camouflage, choosing green model leaves while green and brown model leaves while brown. Pink caterpillars did not prefer either color. These findings provide strong evidence Nessus sphinx caterpillars adjust their background selection as they grow, allowing them to maintain crypsis over their ontogeny. |
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Aggression bias and social context in males of a color polymorphic cichlid fish
Abigail Medler1, Peter Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan University
Aggression bias and social context in males of a color polymorphic cichlid fishAbigail Medler1, Peter Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan UniversityMale-male competition for resources can contribute to phenotypic diversification. When males preferentially direct aggression toward rivals that resemble themselves, rare color morphs gain an advantage. The resulting negative frequency-dependent selection may facilitate the stable coexistence of phenotypes within populations. Yet whether these biases are fixed or shaped by social environment remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that repeated social interactions with a territorial neighbor of a given phenotype drives aggression biases towards unfamiliar rivals who resemble the neighbor phenotype. We tested for such learned aggression biases in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, where males express a blue or yellow coloration and compete for breeding territories. Focal males were housed adjacent to an experimentally assigned territorial neighbor. We then assessed aggression biases towards an unfamiliar yellow or blue rival using a simulated intruder choice test. Our results reveal whether aggression biases reflect fixed tendencies or are shaped by immediate social environment, advancing our understanding of how competition drives color polymorphism and biodiversity. |
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Decision making in ecologically relevant contexts, exemplified by the mantis shrimp
Hannah R. Reeb1, Jon Aguiñaga1, Patrick A. Green1 et al.(1) Brown University
Decision making in ecologically relevant contexts, exemplified by the mantis shrimpHannah R. Reeb1, Jon Aguiñaga1, Patrick A. Green1 et al.(1) Brown UniversityMantis shrimp possess complex visual systems and can generate deadly strike forces. In systems with notable capabilities for sensory integration and aggression, we may expect those abilities to impact how animals gather information from the environment, and thereby drive their behaviors. The effects of environmental information on behavior may be especially critical in contests, where animals gather information before engaging in potentially deadly conflict. However, assessment strategies are often studied using simplified approaches with minimal environmental variation. The mantis shrimp Neogonodactylus bredini lives in high seagrass cover, yet prior studies have only staged contests in open arenas. We hypothesized that adding cover to contest arenas would alter movement and fighting behavior. We tracked their movement in grassy versus open environments, then staged contests where shrimp fought in grassy versus open arenas. If movement and contest behavior differs across conditions, this implies that mantis shrimp adjust behavior according to visual information. It also supports the integration of more accurate proxies of the natural environment into our understanding of behavior. |
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Behavioral Differences Due to Urban vs Non-Urban Living
Zachary J. Sweep1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State University
Behavioral Differences Due to Urban vs Non-Urban LivingZachary J. Sweep1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State UniversityRapidly changing environments over the last 100 years due to urbanization are a top concern for ecologists. Specifically, how animals behaviorally respond to novel urban environments remains unclear. Exploratory behavior may be affected by urbanization if individuals are facing new and different environments. Finding differences between urban and non-urban populations can help identify the changes that may be taking place. We aimed to understand if and how much exploration changes plastically in response to urban environments in crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus). The crickets were initially housed in group conditions that simulated urban or non-urban environments. Simulated urban environments contained concrete structures while non-urban environments contained dirt and grass. Close to maturation, crickets were housed individually in environments again replicating the urban and non-urban environments. After maturation, we measured exploratory behavior in an open-field test and latency to emerge from shelter. This study increases our understanding of the impacts of urbanization on behavior and the role of plasticity. |
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Comparing Cognitive Behavior in Social and Solitary Bees
Elizabeth Boshers1, Beryl M. Jones1 et al.(1) University of Kentucky
Comparing Cognitive Behavior in Social and Solitary BeesElizabeth Boshers1, Beryl M. Jones1 et al.(1) University of KentuckySocial insects communicate via complex chemical signals, and insect sociality is broadly associated with greater investment in structures that detect and process those signals. If social evolution is a driver of cognitive complexity, then social insects are expected to also exhibit improved learning and memory of these chemical signals when compared to their solitary ancestors. Understanding the contributions of social evolution to cognitive complexity requires parsing out social effects from the effects of other life history factors, such as differences in foraging ecology, which are known drivers of insect cognitive evolution. To better understand the influence of social evolutionary history on insect cognition, we compared cognitive behavior performance between two closely-related halictid bee species, one which is social and one which is not. Importantly, both species are generalist foragers, overlapping in their distributions, use of floral resources, and seasonal activity patterns. We compared performance in both olfactory and visual associative learning tasks in these species to determine how social behavior may influence variation in cognitive behavior. |
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Cognitive performance and neuroanatomy in Polistes paper wasps
Seokin Yang1, Juanita P Sanchez1, Emily C Laub1, Joseph Caldwell1, Elizabeth A Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
Cognitive performance and neuroanatomy in Polistes paper waspsSeokin Yang1, Juanita P Sanchez1, Emily C Laub1, Joseph Caldwell1, Elizabeth A Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan - Ann ArborA central question in neuroethology is the neural mechanisms that give rise to cognitive variation. Differences in cognitive ability are thought to originate from differences in neuroanatomical features of the brain, but surprisingly little is known about how intraspecific variation in cognitive performance is linked with neuroanatomy in wild animals. Here, we tested cognitive performance and neuroanatomy in wild Northern paper wasps, Polistes fuscatus. We measured cognitive performance of the wasps using a battery of four cognitive tests: face learning, color learning, reversal learning, and multiaccess box. Then, we analyzed the neuroanatomy of major brain regions, including optic lobe, antennal lobe, central complex, anterior optic tubercle, and mushroom bodies, using microcomputed tomography scans. This study is ongoing, but our results thus far suggest different cognitive domains are independently influenced by different neural mechanisms. We hope this study will provide a valuable starting point for understanding how the brain generates cognitive variation. |
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Does GUD Reveal Why Populations Decline in Wild Mouse Species?
Ashley Castro1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of Mississippi
Does GUD Reveal Why Populations Decline in Wild Mouse Species?Ashley Castro1, Richard Buchholz1 et al.(1) University of MississippiSmaller, isolated populations face elevated extinction risk when functional traits are impaired by reduced genetic variation. I propose to measure if population size predicts functional behavior loss in wild cotton mice (P. gossypinus) and oldfield mice (P. polionotus). I will use box camera traps to observe giving-up densities (GUD) and time spent at foraging stations under two treatments that vary predation risk (transparent vs. translucent box cover) and handling costs (fine vs. coarse substrate). I will also measure body condition and fluctuating asymmetry as possible morphological indicators of environmental and genetic stress. GUD may reveal functional trait impairment if small-population individuals suffer morphological or physiological deficits that impair sensory or cognitive processing. In addition to conservation of isolated species this experiment addresses whether processes governing population viability are measurable prior to demographic collapse. A detailed methodology and preliminary results will be presented. |
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The Herbicide Dicamba and Its Adjuvant Preference® Causes High Levels of Mortality in Honeybees and Wasps
Yaxuan Guo1, William Kimber1, Luke M. Collier1, David H. Sherman1, Regina S. Baucom1, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan
The Herbicide Dicamba and Its Adjuvant Preference® Causes High Levels of Mortality in Honeybees and WaspsYaxuan Guo1, William Kimber1, Luke M. Collier1, David H. Sherman1, Regina S. Baucom1, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of MichiganHerbicides are the most widely used pesticides globally, but their impact on pollinators remains understudied compared to insecticides. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a widely used herbicide, Dicamba, and its adjuvant, Preference®, on honeybees (Apis mellifera) and European paper wasps (Polistes dominula). We sprayed insects using four treatments: field dicamba dose, drift dicamba dose, Preference® alone, and a water control. In honeybees, we also assessed the effect of indirect exposure through contact with sprayed vegetation. We found that direct exposure to both Dicamba and Preference® caused high levels of mortality in honeybees and wasps, though wasps survived better than honeybees across all treatments. In contrast with direct spray, indirect contact with the treated plants did not influence honeybee survival. Overall, our results show that direct exposure to Dicamba and Preference® is harmful to pollinators. Currently, the EPA does not require toxicological testing of adjuvants such as Preference®, but our findings suggest that comprehensive risk assessment and regulation of these adjuvants may be important for protecting pollinator health. |
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Eye of the beholder: evolution of snake coloration through multiple viewer color spaces
Elena Gasiorowski1, Alice Welch1, David Kikuchi1 et al.(1) Oregon State University
Eye of the beholder: evolution of snake coloration through multiple viewer color spacesElena Gasiorowski1, Alice Welch1, David Kikuchi1 et al.(1) Oregon State UniversitySnakes (order Squamata) are diverse in color and pattern, with some species displaying multiple color and pattern combinations across their bodies. Snakes can be predators or prey for birds (class Aves), making the avian visual system a potential driver of selection on snake color. We examined this relationship by modeling how UV-sensitive and V-sensitive avians, as well as control organisms, perceive snake coloration. Most snake museum specimens lose pigment in their scales over time, making it difficult to quantify snake coloration. We measured the reflectance of frozen snake specimens at the US Fish and Wildlife Forensics Lab, which is a rare source of accurate coloration information. The species sampled were from all continents except Antarctica, providing a global representation of all snake taxa. We calculated color and luminance metrics for snakes as different visual systems perceive them. We also performed these calculations for soil and foliage to compare the colors of snakes to potential substrates they may be selected to match. This study opens future directions into habitat use by snakes, predator-prey dynamics, and the evolution of snake coloration. |
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Population-level divergence in olfactory coding and odor-guided behavior in Drosophila mojavensis
Dilini Karunappuli Herath Mudiyanselage1, John E. Layne1, Stephanie M. Rollmann1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Population-level divergence in olfactory coding and odor-guided behavior in Drosophila mojavensisDilini Karunappuli Herath Mudiyanselage1, John E. Layne1, Stephanie M. Rollmann1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiHost plant specialization is a key driver of ecological divergence, shaping both sensory systems and behavior in insects. Geographically isolated populations of Drosophila mojavensis, each specializing on a chemically distinct cactus host, comprise a powerful model for studying how variation in sensory systems contributes to divergence. Here we examine how differences in olfactory coding correspond to odor-guided behavior in two populations. We video-tracked behavioral responses to 39 odorants using a T-maze assay and calculated response indices, capturing attraction and avoidance behavior. Both populations responded robustly to multiple odorants but differed significantly in their magnitude of response to several cactus-associated odorants, suggesting population-specific tuning to host relevant cues. Using a regression model, we examined associations between olfactory sensory neuron function and odor-guided behavior to test whether a minimal subset of OSNs can predict behavioral responses. |
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Connecting Curriculum, the Scientific Method, and Animal Behavior using Amphibian Models
Jessica Stamn1, Jakub Zegar1 et al.(1) University of Mississippi
Connecting Curriculum, the Scientific Method, and Animal Behavior using Amphibian ModelsJessica Stamn1, Jakub Zegar1 et al.(1) University of MississippiAlthough K-12 students learn about broad topics, such as habitat destruction in class, their knowledge can remain disconnected from real-world contexts, making it difficult for students to recognize how slight changes in the environment directly influence organismal behavior and survival. The ‘Ectotherm ER’ module is a hands-on inquiry-based activity that integrates animal behavior science into classroom topics and engages students in the scientific method. While in the classroom, students learn about the mass extinction of amphibians and make agar frogs that serve as thermal models for amphibians’ body temperature in different environments. Students then brainstorm what variables could impact amphibian temperature and design an experiment to assess how agar frog temperatures change when placed in different micro-habitats around their campus. Data is collected by students using thermal readers and visualized using histograms to compare classroom data. This activity has been implemented by scientists in K-12 classrooms, but mobile kits for checkout and instructional videos are being created for teachers to implement the activity in their classroom independently. |
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Infection stress and mate assessment in wolf spiders:choice varies with sensory mode of courtship
Olivia Bauer-Nilsen1, George W. Uetz1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Infection stress and mate assessment in wolf spiders:choice varies with sensory mode of courtshipOlivia Bauer-Nilsen1, George W. Uetz1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiFighting infection is energetically costly, creating resource trade-offs with other life history processes, including reproduction. We examined the trade-offs between infection stress and female mate choice in a wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata, in which choosy females select males displaying condition-dependent traits indicating high mate quality (larger/more symmetrical foreleg tufts, higher peak amplitude vibratory signals). We tested whether infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common pathogenic bacterium in their habitat, impacts choosiness across three sensory modes (visual, vibratory, multimodal) using two treatment groups (infected, control). Females underwent a two-choice test between high- and low-quality males using video and/or vibratory playback manipulated to reflect quality differentials (large vs. small foreleg tufts; high vs low peak amplitude vibratory signals). Female receptivity varied by sensory mode and infection treatment; visually tested infected females showed significantly reduced choosiness and receptivity than their infected counterparts. These results suggest infection stress affects mate choice and may preferentially impact the visual sensory pathway. |
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Cooperation Evolves Under Harshness Through Life-History Trade-Offs in Agent-Based Simulations
Pedro Ravelo1,2, German Gutiérrez2, Juan Camilo Higuera2, Juan Sebastian Cely2 et al.(1) Universidad de Cundinamarca; (2) Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Cooperation Evolves Under Harshness Through Life-History Trade-Offs in Agent-Based SimulationsPedro Ravelo1,2, German Gutiérrez2, Juan Camilo Higuera2, Juan Sebastian Cely2 et al.(1) Universidad de Cundinamarca; (2) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cooperation remains a puzzle in evolutionary theory because behaviors that impose costs on actors while benefiting others appear to contradict the logic of natural selection. Although harsh environments have been linked to cooperation, the mechanisms connecting adversity to persistence remain unclear. Here, I ask whether cooperation can evolve under harsh conditions through a survival–reproduction trade-off. Using an agent-based model framed by evolutionary game theory and life-history theory, I extended a spatial prisoner’s dilemma model by adding renewable resources and life-history traits. Harshness was operationalized as increasing cost of living. Results showed that cooperators increased as cost of living rose and became dominant under high harshness. Life-history components revealed the mechanism: cooperators showed greater longevity but lower net reproductive rate than defectors. Thus, cooperation was favored not by maximizing immediate reproduction, but by increasing persistence when survival became limiting. These findings suggest that harsh environments can shift the balance between competition and cooperation by changing the relative value of survival and reproduction. |
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Interactions Between Immune Challenge and Diet Treatments in Gryllodes sigillatus
Elizabeth V. Frias1, Ned A. Dochtermann1, Korie DeBardlabon1 et al.(1) North Dakota State University
Interactions Between Immune Challenge and Diet Treatments in Gryllodes sigillatusElizabeth V. Frias1, Ned A. Dochtermann1, Korie DeBardlabon1 et al.(1) North Dakota State UniversityExposure to pathogens and parasites is a constant threat to insects in the wild. Although insect immune responses have been widely studied, the role of nutritional intake in shaping these responses is often overlooked. We address this gap by examining how immune challenge interacts with diet treatment in tropical house crickets, Gryllodes sigillatus. Crickets were provided with one of three test diets–high protein, high carbohydrate, and a standard diet–during development and then infected with the DH5ɑ strain of Escherichia coli at maturation. After infection, physiological, immunological, and behavioral traits were measured. We expect individuals on a high-protein diet to exhibit stronger immune responses and higher overall condition versus individuals on a standard diet. Individuals on a high-carbohydrate diet are expected to show reduced immune responses. Additionally, we predict that males on a high-carbohydrate diet will display increased aggression but lower sperm quality. This work contributes to our understanding of the impacts of environmental stressors on insect communities and how individuals allocate resources under stressful conditions. |
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From prey cue detection to feeding: neural activation in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae
Arka Ganguly1, Cheyenne Tait1 et al.(1) Marshall University
From prey cue detection to feeding: neural activation in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieaeArka Ganguly1, Cheyenne Tait1 et al.(1) Marshall UniversityAll animals detect relevant sensory cues and transform them into motor action. In Berghia stephanieae, prey seeking starts with chemosensory detection of sea anemones and transitions into feeding, mediated by a central nervous system of only 20,000 neurons. How these behaviors activate neuronal clusters across that compact system remains unknown. To address this, we developed a mapping protocol using in-situ HCR to label expression of the gene Egr1 as a proxy for neural activity in whole-mount brains. HCR showed consistent Egr1 expression in certain neurons at 30 and 45 minutes, with strongest labeling in sensory regions. These findings indicate that Egr1 reliably maps neural activity associated with prey chemosensation in Berghia. We also examined animals collected during active feeding, so the brain and buccal ganglia could be analyzed together for Egr1 expression associated with feeding behavior rather than sensing. By comparing prey cue chemosensation and feeding, this work links distinct behavioral states to brain wide neural activation patterns. Our larger goal is to establish Berghia as a tractable system for studying how sensory information is transformed into motor action. |
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Eager Empty Nesters: Does Parental Behavior Influence Fledgling Age?
Elise Gray1, Lynn Siefferman1 et al.(1) Appalachian State University
Eager Empty Nesters: Does Parental Behavior Influence Fledgling Age? Elise Gray1, Lynn Siefferman1 et al.(1) Appalachian State UniversityThe transition from dependent nestlings to semi-independent fledglings, is one of the most important times for developing songbirds as they are vulnerable to predation. Predation risk and fledging timing are closely tied; staying in the nest longer allows for flight feathers to mature, but risk nest predation. While current knowledge suggests that predation drives the timing of fledging, the role of parent behavior has rarely been considered. Parental response to nest predators is highly variable and repeatable. Bold parent Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) mob potential predators, while meek individuals seldom attack or retreat. Intense predator defense behaviors may signal to nestlings to fledge before full maturity. Using a correlative dataset in year one, nestlings that were reared by meek mothers fledged based on their physical maturity while offspring reared by bold female, fledging age was not related to physical maturity. During the breeding season of 2025, I quantified the boldness of parents and experimentally manipulated whether 17 day old nestlings were exposed to parental defense calls or foraging sounds via playback. |
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Indirect maternal care in Gryllodes sigillatus
Katy E. Takumi1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State University
Indirect maternal care in Gryllodes sigillatusKaty E. Takumi1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State UniversityParental care behaviors are seen in many species and can present in various ways. Behaviors are generally classified as parental care when they improve the growth or survival of offspring at the cost of the parent’s survival or reproductive opportunities. Our understanding of parental care is, however, not generalizable. The majority of research into parental care is focused on vertebrate species but they represent less than 5% of animal species. If we shift our understanding of parental care, we would see that invertebrates quite commonly exhibit parental care behaviors. Crickets, despite having non-overlapping generations, still have opportunities for parental care. This includes choosing ovipositing locations that increase offspring fitness. Here, we allowed tropical house crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) the choice to oviposit in different substrates of varying quality. Our results show complicated patterns of parental care and the potential for evolutionary responses as there were genetic contributions to oviposition preference. This study demonstrates that the understanding of parental care is lacking and may be common in a variety of taxa, including other invertebrates. |
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Behavioral Response of Gryllus pennsylvanicus to Predator and Non-predator Acoustic Stimuli
Piper K. Zander1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State University
Behavioral Response of Gryllus pennsylvanicus to Predator and Non-predator Acoustic StimuliPiper K. Zander1, Ned A. Dochtermann1 et al.(1) North Dakota State UniversityThe ability of prey to eavesdrop on predator vocalizations increases survival by reducing detection and capture. Unfortunately, little is known about the ability of invertebrates to eavesdrop on predator vocalizations. We measured latency to emerge, overall activity, and shelter visits in wild-caught fall field crickets (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) in response to acoustic playback. Stimuli included multiple predator vocalizations, a non-predator vocalization, white noise, and a control. We predicted that crickets would reduce activity, spend more time in shelter, and freeze faster in response to stimuli representing greater risk. Contrary to our predictions, crickets spent significantly less time moving, more time in shelter, and were quicker to freeze in response to the control. We did not, however, find clear differences in responses between other treatments. In conclusion, crickets did not respond to predator vocalizations as predicted. Our results also suggest that crickets may not differentiate between the vocalizations of predators, non-predators, and other abrupt sounds. Consequently, eavesdropping may not be a viable method of assessing predation risk for this species. |
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Sexual ornaments do not impair predator evasion in stalk-eyed flies
Comonla Acakpo1, Jason Vance2, Kayla Pehl2, John Swallow1 et al.(1) University of Colorado; (2) College of Charleston
Sexual ornaments do not impair predator evasion in stalk-eyed fliesComonla Acakpo1, Jason Vance2, Kayla Pehl2, John Swallow1 et al.(1) University of Colorado; (2) College of CharlestonSexually selected ornaments can impose biomechanical constraints on locomotion and potentially affect predator avoidance. In stalk-eyed flies, males possess elongated eyestalks that increase head width and may elevate rotational inertia during flight. Compensatory changes in wing and thorax morphology may offset these costs. We tested whether ornament size and compensatory morphology influence escape performance in response to a simulated predator.We quantified evasive behavior and flight performance, measuring reaction time, velocity, and trajectory curvature. Individuals were categorized by response type (yaw vs. non-yaw), sex, and compensation status based on residual wingspan relative to eyespan. Flies initiated escape responses within ~82 ms and frequently performed turning maneuvers. Despite males exhibiting ~41% greater eyespan, flight performance did not differ between sexes. Compensation influenced wing size but not escape performance. Response type showed a marginal association with reaction time. These results suggest that exaggerated ornaments do not compromise escape performance |
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Competitive ability influences social interactions during partner selection in Polistes dominula
Liana Feller1, Emily C. Laub1, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of Michigan
Competitive ability influences social interactions during partner selection in Polistes dominulaLiana Feller1, Emily C. Laub1, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts1 et al.(1) University of MichiganMany animals form cooperative groups, and their success may be influenced by social partner selection. However, we know relatively little about the process of partner selection in most taxa. Polistes dominula nest-founding queens engage in extended social partner sampling where they synchronously assess other wasps before selecting partners and establishing nests together. Here, we evaluate how individual competitive ability and social context influence cooperative and aggressive behaviors during partner assessment. We found that two indicators of competitive ability influenced partner assessment: body weight and facial patterns that signal fighting ability. Larger wasps received more trophallaxis and initiated more intense aggression than smaller wasps. Wasps with facial patterns that signaled higher fighting ability received more intense aggression and had fewer non-aggressive interactions than wasps that signaled lower fighting ability. Aggression declined after nests were founded, but trophallaxis did not change. Overall, our study suggests individual traits may impact cooperative group formation by shaping how animals assess and are assessed by potential partners. |
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Cooperative relationship formation in vampire bats: Does helping become more symmetrical over time?
Bryson Loflin1, M. May Dixon1,2,3, Haley Gmutza1, Tobias Nguyen1,2, Gerald G. Carter1,2,3 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Cooperative relationship formation in vampire bats: Does helping become more symmetrical over time?Bryson Loflin1, M. May Dixon1,2,3, Haley Gmutza1, Tobias Nguyen1,2, Gerald G. Carter1,2,3 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteUnderstanding how animals form cooperative relationships can provide insight into the complexity of social decisions and the evolution of cooperative traits. If animals form reciprocal helping relationships through conditional partner choice or subtle partner switching, then we expect helping to become more symmetrical (or reciprocal) after relationships initially form and solidify within groups. Measuring this emergent symmetry is difficult, however, because it requires 1) experimentally introducing strangers without past interactions and 2) controlling for variation across actors, receivers, and other confounding effects. Here, we quantify if and how allogrooming and allofeeding relationships changed as common vampire bats became familiar. To do this, we fit Bayesian longitudinal, multiplex social relations models to 12 years of observations of 105 adult female bats from five vampire bat study colonies. Preliminary results indicate that helping symmetry increases across time in newly developing relationships but not in familiar ones. We discuss these results in the context of hypothetical strategies of relationship formation such as “testing the waters”. |
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Food, Sickness, and Sociality: How Diet and Inflammation Interact to Influence Social Behavior?
Lauren E Shinn1, Cristina C Ledón-Rettig1 et al.(1) Indiana University
Food, Sickness, and Sociality: How Diet and Inflammation Interact to Influence Social Behavior?Lauren E Shinn1, Cristina C Ledón-Rettig1 et al.(1) Indiana UniversityAmphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class, with infectious disease serving as a prominent driver of their global decline. Characterizing amphibian immune function and its behavioral consequences is critical for understanding their vulnerability. To investigate this, I raised Spea bombifrons (plains spadefoot toad) tadpoles on one of two diets: a detritus-based diet or a novel shrimp diet. These diets are known to induce morphological and behavioral changes in Spea spp. I assessed social preference behavior in tadpoles both in the presence and absence of food. I then administered an immune challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli, which mimics a bacterial infection and induces systemic inflammation, before re-administering the social preference assay to determine whether immune activation alters social behavior. Social preference indexes and total distance traveled were quantified over 10-minute trials. These results demonstrate how immune activation and diet interact to shape social behavior, highlighting a potential pathway for environmental variation in nutrition to influence disease responses in threatened amphibians. |
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Treat Loyalty: Stability in Food Items Over Time in Owned Dogs
Yhakira T. Gray1, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia Polytechnic and State University
Treat Loyalty: Stability in Food Items Over Time in Owned DogsYhakira T. Gray1, Erica N. Feuerbacher1 et al.(1) Virginia Polytechnic and State UniversityIdentifying valuable reinforcers is an essential aspect of producing and maintaining behavior change in animals. Relatively more valuable reinforcers can increase the amount of behavior maintained, shorten the latency to respond, and compete with other environmental reinforcers. Preference assessments are frequently used to identify relative reinforcer value. Prior studies have shown that the results of preference assessments typically align with relative reinforcer efficacy, indicating that preference assessments are a useful tool to identify effective reinforcers. However, there is little research on the stability of dogs’ preferences for certain reinforcers across time. This study assessed the stability of dogs’ preferences for food items over time. We enrolled eight owned dogs, and for each dog we conducted repeated paired stimulus preference assessment with eight food items over a 6-month period. Results suggest that there is stability in the most and least preferred food items throughout the assessments for most participants. The medium preferred food items were consistently preferred at this medium level, but their rank did vary slightly across time. |
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Effects of Sex, Age, & Feeding Status on Adult Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Thermal Preference
Anastasiya O Ivanchenko1, Samuel O Durosaro1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University
Effects of Sex, Age, & Feeding Status on Adult Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Thermal PreferenceAnastasiya O Ivanchenko1, Samuel O Durosaro1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana UniversityMany insects facing starvation reduce metabolic rates by preferentially moving to cooler microclimates to improve longevity. Black soldier fly (BSF) adults are reared as livestock and are generally unfed despite food increasing longevity and egg lay, suggesting they face chronic starvation. BSF adults are known to have reduced thermal preference as they age, perhaps a result of chronic starvation. We hypothesized that nutritional availability would alter thermal preference behaviors in BSF as they age. We predicted that aging would lower thermal preference, but it would reduce faster and to a greater degree when starved instead of provided with ad libitum feed access. Using a previously-established temperature gradient method, male and female preference was assessed on day 0, 5, 8, and 15 in fed or starved conditions. Contrary to our hypothesis, sex and age, but not feeding status, impacted thermoregulatory behaviors. Females had increased mean thermal preferences; and thermal preference significantly declined with age from 29 C to 21 C. These results suggest that age, but not chronic starvation, alters the thermal preference of adult BSF. |
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Puppies Puppies Everywhere! A look at on-campus service puppy raising programs
Jessica Lockhart1(1) Fairview Behavior Associates
Puppies Puppies Everywhere! A look at on-campus service puppy raising programsJessica Lockhart1(1) Fairview Behavior AssociatesOver 10 years ago, the first on-campus service puppy raising program appeared at The University of Georgia. Since that initial program, puppies have started to attend class and reside in dorms across the nation. These programs offer students a chance to work one-on-one with future service dogs while attending classes. The majority of these programs function as clubs where students volunteer and meet outside of course requirements while other programs meet in more formal courses and allow students to gain credit hours for the work done with the dogs. Can do Canines is a service dog organization that runs a program known as FETCH – Fostering Education Through Campus Hosting at colleges in Minnesota and Wisconsin. This program is hosted as a club at University of Minnesota but as a course at University of Wisconsin River Falls. Looking at this program as either a club or course can help to highlight the benefits of both formats. This poster will take a deeper look at how these programs have meshed with campus life and the benefits these programs provide to students and dogs alike. |
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Light avoidance and behavioral responses to stress in black soldier fly larvae
E Persson-Gordon1, J Brumfield1, A Gomez1, E Jones1, M Barrett1 et al.(1) Indiana University Indianapolis
Light avoidance and behavioral responses to stress in black soldier fly larvaeE Persson-Gordon1, J Brumfield1, A Gomez1, E Jones1, M Barrett1 et al.(1) Indiana University IndianapolisBlack soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are farmed by the trillions as livestock feed. In other farmed species behavioral markers are widely used to assess stress and can inform production and welfare decisions. By contrast, the stress-associated behaviors of BSFL have not been described. First, we aimed to confirm the claim that BSFL are photophobic and that light is a stressor by using a light/dark avoidance assay. BSFL, on average, avoided bright white light but not dim red light; however, 3-fold variation in the intensity of white light did not affect avoidance behavior. Next, we compared a suite of behaviors under dim red light and bright white light to screen for those that varied according to light-associated stress. BSFL did not differ in thigmotactic behaviors or movement speed, however exposure to light reduced food-finding behaviors from 33% to 8%, potentially indicative of reduced exploratory behavior, and altered tonic immobility timing. Our data suggests light is stressful for BSFL and that some behaviors may vary in association with this stressor; however, our results also reveal that more larval-specific behavioral assays are needed to better capture BSFL stress response. |
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Modeling Free-Roaming Dog Ecology and Management: A Systematic Review of Agent-Based Simulation Studies
Soraida Quintero1, Emily Minor1 et al.(1) University of Illinois Chicago; (2) University of Illinois Chicago
Modeling Free-Roaming Dog Ecology and Management: A Systematic Review of Agent-Based Simulation StudiesSoraida Quintero1, Emily Minor1 et al.(1) University of Illinois Chicago; (2) University of Illinois ChicagoFree-roaming dogs (FRD) are widespread globally, especially in areas with limited veterinary access where reproduction is sustained by human provisioning. They occur in villages, cities, and rural landscapes alongside people. Managing FRD populations is costly, limiting large-scale implementation and evaluation of control strategies.Agent-based models (ABMs) have been used to examine FRD dynamics and assess management by simulating interactions among dogs, humans, and their environment. This review synthesizes nine ABM studies evaluating fertility control, female-targeted sterilization, lethal control, vaccination, and fencing. Female-focused sterilization outperforms other approaches in reducing populations, while lethal control produces only short-term effects. Most models use fixed carrying capacity rather than incorporating human behaviors that shape resource availability, such as feeding or ownership. This review shows that while modeling provides insight into intervention effectiveness, cultural and behavioral drivers remain indirectly represented. Integrating socio-ecological feedbacks into ABMs could improve effectiveness and support more culturally responsive strategies. |
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Understanding the behavioral and genetic variation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Sri Lanka
Julia Brzezicki1, Chase LaDue2, Rajnish Vandercone3, Bruce A. Schulte1 et al.(1) NC State University; (2) Oklahoma City Zoo; (3) University of Peradeniya
Understanding the behavioral and genetic variation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Sri LankaJulia Brzezicki1, Chase LaDue2, Rajnish Vandercone3, Bruce A. Schulte1 et al.(1) NC State University; (2) Oklahoma City Zoo; (3) University of PeradeniyaThe North Central Province of Sri Lanka struggles with high rates of Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC), especially crop-raiding, due to increasing overlap between human and elephant ranges. Once considered a continuous island elephant population, recent research supports the delineation of three genetic elephant populations formed from habitat fragmentation. Understanding how differences in phenotype and the environment alter elephant behavior can help explain the variation in HEC events. A previous study by our team found evidence for individual behavioral variation between five behavior categories along different social and environmental contexts on a subset of wild elephants in Sri Lanka, providing evidence of personalities. Therefore, by studying the intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors that influence elephants to engage in HEC, it may be possible to uncover patterns associated with crop-raiding for management purposes. This proposed study will investigate: 1) Differences in personality types and connection to HEC; 2) Overall genetic variation and relatedness of the elephants in the North Central Province; and 3) Diet composition analysis in connection to HEC. |
| 66 |
Cognitive structure differs in wasps that form social groups
Joseph A Caldwell1, Elizabeth A Tibbetts1 et al.(1) Univesity of Michigan
Cognitive structure differs in wasps that form social groupsJoseph A Caldwell1, Elizabeth A Tibbetts1 et al.(1) Univesity of MichiganMany animals exhibit alternative behavioral strategies that are linked to differences in physiology, morphology, and behavior. Thus far, less is known about whether animals that pursue different behavioral strategies differ cognitively. Polistes fuscatus paper wasp queens (foundresses) can choose to build a nest alone or in multiple-foundress associations. We aimed to understand how wasps in these two groups differ in their cognition. Wild P. fuscatus foundresses were brought into the laboratory and tested on a mini-battery of four cognitive tests: individual face learning, color learning, reversal learning, and a multi-access box. Our results indicate that single-foundress and multiple-foundress wasps performed similarly across these four tests, but the relationship between tests differed. Single foundresses had a positive relationship between individual face learning and color learning, while wasps in multiple-foundress groups had a negative relationship. This result suggests that there are potential tradeoffs in cognitive structure associated with social group formation. |
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Hide and Peek: Do Monkeys and Children Recognize Distinctiveness as a Valid Cue for Improved Memory?
Anna Sofia Hege1, Joseph McKeon1, Liz Haseltine1, Kristin French1, Caleb Simon1, Cassandra Rosales1, Laura Eager1, Michael Beran1 et al.(1) Georgia State University
Hide and Peek: Do Monkeys and Children Recognize Distinctiveness as a Valid Cue for Improved Memory?Anna Sofia Hege1, Joseph McKeon1, Liz Haseltine1, Kristin French1, Caleb Simon1, Cassandra Rosales1, Laura Eager1, Michael Beran1 et al.(1) Georgia State UniversityMetamemory is the awareness of how one's memory works and when it is fallible. We assessed whether capuchin monkeys and preschool children demonstrate metamemory in a computerized task by strategically utilizing distinctiveness as a cue to find an object in the future. Participants placed a small monkey avatar into one of four shapes presented on a computer screen. Those shapes then moved around onscreen while occluded, making it impossible to track them through this movement. However, on each trial one shape was distinct from all others. As the task became more difficult, the unique shape shared more features with the others, reducing its distinctiveness. Monkeys were less proficient than children who excelled, but they performed above chance. Some monkeys remained successful as the task became more difficult. Whether capuchin monkeys are capable of metamemory remains unclear, as future research needs to determine whether they selected the distinct object for the purpose of future planning. Children, however, demonstrated metamemory capability by successfully selecting four shapes for the experiment that would set them up for future success. |
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Visual learning using optogenetics in freely walking Drosophila
Shubham Rathore1, Edward M. Rogers1, Carmen Morrow1, Frank Loesche1, Peter Polidoro1, Will Dickson2, Michael B. Reiser1 et al.(1) Janelia Research Campus, HHMI; (2) IO Rodeo
Visual learning using optogenetics in freely walking DrosophilaShubham Rathore1, Edward M. Rogers1, Carmen Morrow1, Frank Loesche1, Peter Polidoro1, Will Dickson2, Michael B. Reiser1 et al.(1) Janelia Research Campus, HHMI; (2) IO RodeoMany animals use vision for a range of navigation behaviors, relying on diverse features of their environments. In Drosophila melanogaster, numerous studies have demonstrated that flies can associate visual cues with reward or punishment. However, these experiments often require complex setups and specialized knowledge, hindering replicability of these fascinating behaviors. We are developing a modular setup that incorporates features from multiple visual learning paradigms to standardize these assays. We drive avoidance behaviors in flies, using transgenic lines expressing an optogenetic depolarizer in specific heat-sensing neurons to investigate : (1) object learning - discrete visual features are paired with reinforcement in opposing quadrants; and (2) visual place learning - single safe zone--relief from punishment--is paired with a consistent feature of a visual panorama. Given recent advances in the Drosophila neurobiology toolkit, we hope this platform, enabling reliable, replicable visual learning experiments, will provide a foundation for understanding neural circuits linking visual processing with experience-dependent behavior. |
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Reviewing Discoveries About Vocal Recognition Across Experimental Approaches
Summer G. Eckhardt1,2, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (3) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University
Reviewing Discoveries About Vocal Recognition Across Experimental ApproachesSummer G. Eckhardt1,2, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University; (3) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityTracking differentiated social relationships through social recognition may be critically important for individual reproduction and survival. While information-rich communication signals, such as vocalizations, can hold identity information important for receivers, we are still missing a comprehensive understanding of whether and how receivers use the identity information encoded by signalers for social recognition, particularly when such signals are socially learned. Moreover, studies of vocal recognition often focus overall inferences on either vocal production or auditory perception. We review and integrate findings about the production and perception of identity information in the vocal modality across three common experimental approaches in social recognition studies: playback, habituation-dishabituation, and operant conditioning experiments. This review serves as a guide for future work on how vocalizations facilitate social recognition in complex social environments, and highlights the need to address questions in ways that include both the encoding of identity information via vocal production and the decoding of vocal information through auditory perception. |
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Audience dependent acoustic crypsis in territorial tufted titmice
Katie Sieving1, Jin Bai2, Jeff Lucas3, Todd Freeberg4 et al.(1) Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida; (2) Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Duke University; (3) Biology, Purdue University; (4) Psychology & Neuroscience
Audience dependent acoustic crypsis in territorial tufted titmice Katie Sieving1, Jin Bai2, Jeff Lucas3, Todd Freeberg4 et al.(1) Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida; (2) Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Duke University; (3) Biology, Purdue University; (4) Psychology & NeuroscienceWe tested if heterospecific audience diversity influences vocal signaling during territorial aggression in tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor). Ninety playback trials were conducted in three habitats in north‑central Florida, exposing responding titmice to territorial vocal stimuli while recording vocal responses. We calculated an aggression score based on non-vocal behaviors, and production rate of four call types: chick‑a‑dee calls, songs, squeal calls, and flutter calls. Predictors included aggression score, heterospecific diversity within 20m, noise, and habitat. We found (1) titmice used more chick‑a‑dee calls and fewer songs in urban vs. forest, (2) higher aggression was associated with more squeal and flutter calls, but (3) titmice increased squeal calls with high audience diversity but emphasized flutter calls when alone. We interpret this as adaptive acoustic crypsis: flutter calls (9–11 kHz) provide a private, high‑frequency channel minimizing predator eavesdropping, while squeal calls maintain signal efficacy when a diverse audience offsets predation risk (via “many eyes”). Vocal plasticity in aggression reflects a sophisticated adaptation to socio‑ecological context. |
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Harbor Porpoise Behavior and the Importance of the Kachemak Bay, Alaska Critical Habitat Area
Deborah D. Boege Tobin1,2,3, Marc A. Webber2,3,4, Javin E. Schroeder1,2, Sara R. Wilhelm1, Shawna L. Jackson1,2, Teresa M. Becher1, Lauren C. Fliearman1,2, Bruce A. Schulte3,5 et al.(1) University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA); (2) UAA-Kenai Peninsula College-Kachemak Bay Campus, Semester by the Bay; (3) NOAA-UAA ACCS Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; (4) The Marine Mammal Center; (5) North Carolina State University
Harbor Porpoise Behavior and the Importance of the Kachemak Bay, Alaska Critical Habitat AreaDeborah D. Boege Tobin1,2,3, Marc A. Webber2,3,4, Javin E. Schroeder1,2, Sara R. Wilhelm1, Shawna L. Jackson1,2, Teresa M. Becher1, Lauren C. Fliearman1,2, Bruce A. Schulte3,5 et al.(1) University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA); (2) UAA-Kenai Peninsula College-Kachemak Bay Campus, Semester by the Bay; (3) NOAA-UAA ACCS Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; (4) The Marine Mammal Center; (5) North Carolina State UniversityFor ~10 yr, we studied elusive harbor porpoises (HAPO; Phocoena phocoena; NOAA #26643) in Kachemak Bay (KBay) whose behavior has been poorly described in Alaska, despite common nearshore occurrence. Using our research, Captains' logs and citizen science, we present data from HAPO hotspots, incl. habitat use and characterization; HAPO group size and structure, and behaviors (e.g., aerial mating, foraging, pop-splashes). The KBay Critical Habitat Area, home to the largest NOAA NERR, is part of the Cook Inlet beluga whale (CIBW; Delphinapterus leucas) Critical Habitat area although CIBW have rarely been observed here since the 1990s. Reopening KBay to personal watercraft (per 2025 ruling) will cause increased human-wildlife interactions. HAPO calves are regularly documented in KBay, as are long interval re-sightings, and mark evolution. In comparison to the Kenai River, commonly used by CIBW, we expanded our study of HAPO in KBay to investigate if disturbance and varying habitat parameters may affect distribution and behavior, and, using water quality and eDNA, esp. of potential prey and competitor species, are characterizing the suitability of habitat in KBay for HAPO and BEWH. |
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A Literature Review of the Behavioral Interaction of Animals with Plastic Pollutants
Richard Buchholz1(1) University of Mississippi
A Literature Review of the Behavioral Interaction of Animals with Plastic PollutantsRichard Buchholz1(1) University of MississippiPlastic waste is projected to double by 2050. Plastic waste is highly variable in size, shape and chemical composition, all of which change over time due to physical degradation, sunlight, and biotic interaction. Consequently, animal interaction with plastic waste should be investigated from appropriate scales, such as those provided by Tinbergen’s ‘four questions’ about behavior. This literature review has 4 objectives: a) summarize the ways that animals behaviorally interact with plastics, b) evaluate the breadth of the behavioral approaches used to study those interactions, c) identify gaps in the taxonomic representation of both animals and types of plastics, to provide guidance for policies to lessen biodiversity loss and impairment of ecological services. Preliminary results show that of 366 published empirical studies examined, approaches used were: 36% mechanistic, 11% developmental effects, 38% fitness consequences, and only 16% took a comparative approach to considering species interactions with plastics. Vertebrates, mostly fishes, were the subject of 64% of studies, and 51% of the invertebrate studies were of arthropods, mostly crustacea and insects. |
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Sources of variance in the adolescence duration of female baboons
Ruby L. Mustill1, Elizabeth A. Archie2, Jenny Tung3,4, Susan C. Alberts4, Courtney L. Fitzpatrick1 et al.(1) Texas A&M University; (2) University of Notre Dame; (3) Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; (4) Duke University
Sources of variance in the adolescence duration of female baboonsRuby L. Mustill1, Elizabeth A. Archie2, Jenny Tung3,4, Susan C. Alberts4, Courtney L. Fitzpatrick1 et al.(1) Texas A&M University; (2) University of Notre Dame; (3) Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; (4) Duke UniversityIn primates that exhibit ovarian cycling, females experience their first cycle at menarche and achieve reproductive maturity several months or years later, when they conceive their first infant. These two milestones are important metrics of development, and the adaptive significance of their timing has received moderate attention from researchers. The duration between these milestones, however, is little-studied—although it can vary greatly between females in a single population and may have consequences for lifetime reproductive success. In this project, we seek to understand how the interval between menarche and reproductive maturity (i.e., adolescence) is influenced by environmental and social pressures in wild female baboons living in the Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya. First, we measure variation in the duration of adolescence among Amboseli baboon females. Second, we examine the relationships between this interval and several environmental and social variables that have been linked to rates of maturation and reproduction in this population. Finally, we investigate whether a female’s adolescence duration predicts her first infant’s survival to one year of age. |
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Investigating the effects of noise pollution on anti-predator behaviors in Killdeer of Southern California
Brianna A Baeza1, Karina A Sanchez1 et al.(1) California State University, Dominguez Hills
Investigating the effects of noise pollution on anti-predator behaviors in Killdeer of Southern CaliforniaBrianna A Baeza1, Karina A Sanchez1 et al.(1) California State University, Dominguez HillsUrbanization introduces sensory pollutants such as noise which disrupt avian acoustic communication and environmental cues by masking sounds. Most studies focus on passerines, leaving a gap in understanding the effects on other avian species. Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), a ground-nesting shorebird, is increasingly common in human-altered habitats. Killdeer’s rely on conspicuous distraction displays to defend nests from predators and it is unclear whether these displays remain effective in urban spaces. This is an ongoing study on how anthropogenic noise influences Killdeer anti-predator behavior in Southern California. To quantify the frequency of anti-predator behaviors, cameras wired in protective housing will be deployed near active nests with song meters to continuously measure ambient noise levels. Videos will be reviewed to identify and categorize anti-predator displays including broken-wing display, ungulate display, and low growl to compare amongst varying anthropogenic noise environments. Understanding how noise alters defense behaviors will improve predictions of species persistence and abundance in urban environments for ground-nesting birds in Southern California. |
| 84 |
Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Insect Demography and Fitness
Kayla J Martinez1, Amanda Klingler1, Robin Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of Denver
Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Insect Demography and FitnessKayla J Martinez1, Amanda Klingler1, Robin Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of DenverAnthropogenic pollutants like artificial light at night (ALAN) impact most of the US and have negative impacts on biodiversity. Nocturnal insects may be vulnerable. I tested how ALAN impacts cricket abundance, distribution, and fitness using lab and field studies that mimic lighting regimes in Hawaii. I expected crickets to avoid lit habitats if ALAN lowers survival, delays development, and reduces adult size. I established “phantom streetlights” by placing light treatments (70 lux and 100 lux yellow-shifted LED, 100 lux white LED, and a dark control) where Teleogryllus oceanicus occur and there is no ALAN. I measured how light impacted abundance and distribution over 24 hours of exposure. In the lab, I applied the same treatments inside incubators, randomly assigned animals to treatments at hatching, and reared them to adults. At adulthood, I measured survival, development time, size, and mating success. Preliminary results suggest ALAN affects cricket abundance and distribution; contrary to expectation, animals tended to stay under ALAN treatments, but leave control sites, possibly reflecting typical nocturnal mate searching and feeding behaviors. The lab experiment is ongoing. |
| 86 |
The Effect of Weed and Grass Killer on Aquatic Microorganisms
Claire M. Schroeder1, Alexander D. Berry1 et al.(1) Buena Vista University
The Effect of Weed and Grass Killer on Aquatic Microorganisms Claire M. Schroeder1, Alexander D. Berry1 et al.(1) Buena Vista UniversityWeed and grass killers are widely used to remove unwanted plants, but their effects extend beyond weeds. These chemicals can harm soil microorganisms and aquatic microbes exposed through runoff. To test this, Daphnia were used as indicator organisms with the commercial herbicide BioAdvanced. Four 16‑oz containers held 10 Daphnia each: a control with no herbicide and three treatments with 0.5 mL, 1 mL, and 2 mL of herbicide. Over 24 hours, normal Daphnia movement—jerky swimming upward followed by sinking—shifted to slow, erratic motion, including flipping and sudden bursts. Within hours, deaths occurred in all treated groups, and by 24 hours most Daphnia were dead or barely moving. These results support the hypothesis that weed and grass killers negatively impact aquatic microorganisms regardless of concentration. |
| 88 |
Shifts in wolf spider phenology with increased temperature due to climate change.
George Uetz1, Zoe Hicks1, Olivia Bauer-Nilsen1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Shifts in wolf spider phenology with increased temperature due to climate change.George Uetz1, Zoe Hicks1, Olivia Bauer-Nilsen1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiEctothermic invertebrates like spiders are among the first affected by climate change. We examined impacts of rising temperatures on phenology of the Brush-legged wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) over the past two decades. Molt records of spiders collected as part of ongoing research from 2001 to 2024 were used to obtain dates when the first male and female matured, and dates when half of the male and female populations had matured. Results show a strong negative correlation between maturation dates and temperatures as well as growing degree days; both male and female wolf spiders now mature 25 to 30 days earlier than in 2001. The difference in typically asynchronous peak maturation dates for earlier-maturing males and later-maturing females also decreased over the 23-year study, from > 10 days to < 5, with implications for operational sex ratio and sexual selection. These findings offer evidence that rising temperatures are having a significant effect on the phenology of these common forest-dwelling wolf spiders and underscore the potential for future impact on reproductive behavior. |
| 90 |
Shelter Color Preference in Hermit Crabs
Majesta L Vos1, Paige Mahler1, Megan Bakke1, Alexander D Berry1 et al.(1) Buena Vista University
Shelter Color Preference in Hermit CrabsMajesta L Vos1, Paige Mahler1, Megan Bakke1, Alexander D Berry1 et al.(1) Buena Vista UniversityHermit crabs rely on shelters for protection from their environment and predators. They live in hard shells due to their soft exoskeleton and switch to new shells as they grow, leaving them vulnerable to predators. When choosing a new shell, they choose one that best matches their environment. This study applies this concept to shelters they choose to hide under, investigating whether hermit crabs show color preferences when selecting shelters. For this experiment, twelve hermit crabs, Coenobita clypeatus, were placed in a tank containing sand, a water dish, and food. Two shelters of different colors were placed in the tank for three days at a time. Researchers recorded the number of crabs under each shelter color every two hours, four times each day. Once all shelter colors were tested, the favorites were tested against each other to determine the crab’s preferred color. Crabs showed a definite preference for shelters that were blue. This suggests that color may influence shelter selection. These results reveal more about crab sheltering behavior, as well as whether crabs display color differentiation and preference. |
| 92 |
Student Fellowships and Linking Work to Success
Alexander D Berry1, Brittney Dinkel1, Geoffrey Ecker1, Tyler Jones1, Lisa Mellmann1, Leigh Meyer1, Sarah Schlichte1, Thom Bonagura1, James Hampton1 et al.(1) Buena Vista University
Student Fellowships and Linking Work to SuccessAlexander D Berry1, Brittney Dinkel1, Geoffrey Ecker1, Tyler Jones1, Lisa Mellmann1, Leigh Meyer1, Sarah Schlichte1, Thom Bonagura1, James Hampton1 et al.(1) Buena Vista UniversityThe biology and biomedical faculty at Buena Vista University have launched a multi-year pilot study aimed at improving student learning and retention while identifying promising high school recruits using metrics beyond grades. The program centers on linking student effort with academic success through two components. First, incoming freshmen can receive a scholarship that supports their transition into the major. Second, beginning sophomore year, students may join a paid fellowship that offers hands-on experience working alongside faculty. Fellows work four hours per week at $20 per hour on tasks such as caring for plants and animals or assisting in cadaver and microbiology labs. High-performing students with strong leadership potential may advance to manager roles with increased responsibilities. Both components have been successful, with fellowship participants ranking among our strongest students and achieving excellent job placement and graduate school acceptance rates. |
| 94 |
From Choices to Breakthroughs: Using Insights from Animal Behavior to Enhance Student Decision-Making
Jose G Crespo1, Jose E Crespo2 et al.(1) Honors College, University of Utah; (2) Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental (LEE), Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
From Choices to Breakthroughs: Using Insights from Animal Behavior to Enhance Student Decision-MakingJose G Crespo1, Jose E Crespo2 et al.(1) Honors College, University of Utah; (2) Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental (LEE), Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresFirst-year college students constantly face trade-offs–how to allocate time, energy, and social resources–yet often lack structured frameworks for decision-making. Animal behavior research models decision-making under real constraints across taxa and contexts, offering a conceptual lens for understanding these choices. This poster presents an instructor’s approach in a first-year Honors course sequence (HONOR 1010/1020), applying behavioral ecology concepts to guide teaching that promotes student self-reflection, decision-making, and critical thinking. (1) Optimal foraging theory frames time allocation and opportunity costs; (2) Life history theory highlights trade-offs between short-term rewards and long-term goals; (3) Reciprocal altruism illustrates cooperation in group work and social networks; and (4) Costly signaling theory reframes how students think about reputation, credibility, and self-presentation. When paired with ethics and critical thinking, these frameworks help instructors support students in engaging more readily with abstract reasoning, making concepts intuitive, concrete, and applicable beyond biology. |
| 96 |
I Came For Science: A Podcast about the Science of Sex and Reproduction and Inclusion in STEM
Laura K. Sirot1, Isabel Espinosa1, Trent Patton1, Daphne Trillana1 et al.(1) The College of Wooster
I Came For Science: A Podcast about the Science of Sex and Reproduction and Inclusion in STEMLaura K. Sirot1, Isabel Espinosa1, Trent Patton1, Daphne Trillana1 et al.(1) The College of WoosterIssues like climate change and COVID‑19 have exposed deep public distrust of academic scientists. In today’s political climate, that distrust is contributing to the dismantling of long‑standing scientific processes and institutions. Strengthening respectful, effective communication between scientists and the public is one way to counter this trend. Yet science communication itself has an inclusion problem: just as some groups have been excluded from participating in scientific research, many communities are overlooked as audiences for scientific information that could benefit their lives.To help address this gap, we launched the podcast I Came For Science in February 2024 (https://www.icameforscience.org/). The show explores the science of sex and reproduction, the paths of the scientists who study these topics, and inclusion in STEM. With support from the ABS Outreach Grant, we are producing a season that highlights early‑career animal behavior researchers from diverse backgrounds who study sex and reproduction and/or work to advance inclusion in STEM. Please contact us if you or someone you know would be interested in having your work featured. |
| 98 |
Let’s update scicomm training to meet today's sociopolitical challenges
Robin Tinghitella1, Dale Broder2, Kailey Hicks1, Bethann Garramon-Merkle3, Virginia Schutte4, Rebecca Swenson5, Meena Balgopal6, Evelyn Valdez-Ward7 et al.(1) University of Denver; (2) American University; (3) University of Denver; (4) University of Wyoming; (5) Independent; (6) University of Minnesota; (7) Colorado State University; (8) University of Houston
Let’s update scicomm training to meet today's sociopolitical challengesRobin Tinghitella1, Dale Broder2, Kailey Hicks1, Bethann Garramon-Merkle3, Virginia Schutte4, Rebecca Swenson5, Meena Balgopal6, Evelyn Valdez-Ward7 et al.(1) University of Denver; (2) American University; (3) University of Denver; (4) University of Wyoming; (5) Independent; (6) University of Minnesota; (7) Colorado State University; (8) University of HoustonCommunication is the top job skill required across all sectors, so all students should be equipped to communicate effectively and ethically. Yet, most scientists never receive training in science communication within their disciplines and feel ill-equipped to share science broadly. In an effort to improve EEBC (ecology, evolution and behavior and conservation) students’ training in scicomm, we (1) analyzed >200 scicomm syllabi and (2) reviewed the literature on scicomm training to determine what is being taught. Results indicate a narrow focus on communication with subject experts to the exclusion of communication with non-specialist audiences (scicomm). We assembled a transdisciplinary community of practice and propose a unified training framework emphasising often-ignored dimensions of scicomm training (e.g., a growth mindset, assessment of scicomm efforts, and collective action to enhance scicomm both in and out of academic spheres). Visitors to this interactive poster will be invited to (a) contribute to our framework through short surveys displayed on the poster in real-time and (b) get involved in future experiments testing the training framework in EEBC classrooms. |
| 100 |
Methods for Capturing Parasite Preference and Host Trait Evolution in Multi-host Assemblages
Carolyn D. Tett1, Robin M. Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of Denver
Methods for Capturing Parasite Preference and Host Trait Evolution in Multi-host AssemblagesCarolyn D. Tett1, Robin M. Tinghitella1 et al.(1) University of DenverParasites and their hosts exert strong selection on each other’s traits, but these interactions can be more complex when many host species co-occur. Despite the potential for host-parasite coevolution and species composition to differ in multi-host assemblages, there is a lack of empirical work. The introduction of the parasitic fly Ormia ochracea to Hawaii offers a unique opportunity to fill this gap. To locate the cricket host Teleogryllus oceanicus gravid flies eavesdrop on male cricket songs. Flies spray their larvae, which burrow into the host and kill them when they emerge. Since the 1990s, novel cricket songs have rapidly evolved to avoid fly detection; yet, in 2022, my lab found three more introduced cricket species that can act as hosts for the fly (alternative hosts). My preliminary data show that some fly populations even prefer alternative host songs over most novel T.oceanicus songs. My dissertation will use 1) playbacks and video tracking to capture how the presence of alternative hosts alters host-parasite coevolution by way of fly preference, and 2) passive acoustic monitoring to capture potential changes in T. oceanicus song and host community composition. |
| 102 |
An Open-Source Computational Tool for Generating Synthetic Vocal Identity Signals Through String Sonification
Raneem Samman1,2, Alexandra G. Juárez1, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University
An Open-Source Computational Tool for Generating Synthetic Vocal Identity Signals Through String SonificationRaneem Samman1,2, Alexandra G. Juárez1, Grace Smith-Vidaurre1,2,3 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University; (2) Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing; (3) Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State UniversityTesting ideas about how vocalizations are used to transmit information about social identity, such as group and individual identity, can yield new insights into the evolutionary origins of vocal production learning. However, empirical datasets of animal vocalizations are often noisy and incomplete, and the identity information encoded in these vocalizations is unknown, making it difficult to test theoretical predictions. To address this challenge, we developed an open-access R package, paRsynth, that interfaces with the soundgen package to create synthetic datasets of vocal identity signals, with identity information encoded in frequency modulation patterns. This package facilitates generating synthetic vocal signals through the sonification of character strings that contain group and individual identity information. Our second version of paRsynth allows manipulating the location of identity information and the base encoding used to convert symbols into frequency modulation. This research software development project has produced a valuable tool for future simulation-based and empirical research on the evolution and function of vocal communication that relies on social learning. |
| 104 |
Is Grammar Sexy? Studying a preference for structure in Savannah sparrow songs.
Kate Swann1, Heather Williams1, Katie Montovan2, Julie Blackwood1 et al.(1) Williams College; (2) Bennington College
Is Grammar Sexy? Studying a preference for structure in Savannah sparrow songs.Kate Swann1, Heather Williams1, Katie Montovan2, Julie Blackwood1 et al.(1) Williams College; (2) Bennington CollegeSavannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) songs are socially learned and undergo cultural evolution. The song’s middle segment usually consists of 1-3 syllables. In a well-studied population, middle segments follow a power-law distribution. Random copying models can predict a power-law distribution, but cultural transmission can also give rise to such a distribution. We used Bayesian Iterated Learning Models to test two hypotheses: whether Savannah sparrows copy middle segments randomly, or select segments with a regular structure that facilitates learning. In our model, the prior distribution encodes juvenile Savannah sparrows’ biases about how syllables may be combined. The songs they hear generate a posterior distribution. They then sing one of the middle segments from the posterior distribution, which in turn influences the next generation. The ability to predict middle segment patterns and compare them to empirical data allows us to evaluate our hypotheses about song learning. |
| 106 |
Radio Tagged Monarchs in Winter in Arizona Display Diverse Movement and Reproductive Patterns
Gail Morris1, Ronald Rutowski1,2 et al.(1) Southwest Monarch Study; (2) Arizona State University
Radio Tagged Monarchs in Winter in Arizona Display Diverse Movement and Reproductive PatternsGail Morris1, Ronald Rutowski1,2 et al.(1) Southwest Monarch Study; (2) Arizona State UniversityThe movement ecology of the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in North America includes an autumnal migration through Arizona to large overwintering aggregations in Mexico and California. However, Monarchs, both reproductively and non-reproductively active, occur during the winter in the southern United States, including Arizona. To learn more about their winter longevity, movements and reproduction, we glued CTT BluMorpho radio tags on 31 wild Monarchs caught in central Arizona between mid-October and late December in 2025 when Monarch migratory movements stop. Notably, several of the tagged Monarchs were repeatedly detected within a kilometer or less of the tagging site for extended periods of up to 74 days. We also observed the behavior of these sedentary Monarchs and saw no evidence of mating or oviposition which suggests that these animals, while actively flying about and occasionally interacting briefly with one another, were not reproductively active. This is similar to the state of conspecifics in large overwintering aggregations. Our results support the view that Monarchs wintering in Arizona show a complex mix of reproductive and movement states. |
| 108 |
Maternal personality influences nestling growth: A cross fostered design
Lynn Siefferman1, Clarice Perry1 et al.(1) Appalachian State University
Maternal personality influences nestling growth: A cross fostered designLynn Siefferman1, Clarice Perry1 et al.(1) Appalachian State UniversitySongbirds display variation in personality within populations. Although aggressive birds likely acquire higher quality nesting sites, trade-offs between aggression and parental care behavior could lead to reduced offspring quality. To date, most research has focused on how such trade-offs affect male reproduction. Here, we focus on these tradeoffs in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), which aggressively defend their nest cavity and readily mob nest predators. We cross-fostered nestlings to quantify how their growth was affected by pre-hatch genetic/maternal effectx and post-hatch parental care. We found that nestlings reared by more aggressive and bolder mothers showed reduced growth. However, the cross-fostered offspring that had hatched from eggs laid by more aggressive mothers grew faster but reached a smaller final body size compared to offspring of less aggressive mothers. These results indicate trade-offs between aggressive personalities and maternal care as expected by life history theory. Together, these data suggest that investment in maternal effects by highly aggressive and bold females may offset the negative effects of their reduced parental care. |
| 110 |
Parental investment across sympatric songbird species: nestling development and provisioning strategies
Cassandra Vallon1, Lena Seerosh1, Emily J Levy1 et al.(1) Sacred Heart University
Parental investment across sympatric songbird species: nestling development and provisioning strategiesCassandra Vallon1, Lena Seerosh1, Emily J Levy1 et al.(1) Sacred Heart UniversityAltricial young hatch underdeveloped and in need of intensive parental care as they rapidly develop. Bi-parental care is common in avian species, including the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The aim of this research is to explore how parental provisioning rates change throughout the course of nestling maturation in three species of songbird. The extent to which parental care in songbirds has been studied is broad, but the link between parental investment and nestling age in species in the same geographical region remains understudied. Provisioning strategies can vary across species, so nestling development may correlate with provisioning rate. We performed an observational study of parental provisioning in tree swallows, bluebirds, and house sparrows. We pair parental behavior with a dataset of nestling development in Eastern bluebirds and house sparrows. Preliminary results suggest a positive correlation between developmental stage and the rate of parental care across species. This work helps us better understand the relationship between parental behavior and nestling development in songbirds. |
| 112 |
Effects of prey size and venom on the feeding performance and behavior of a piscivorous snake
Pelumi M. Adetuberu1, Bruce C. Jayne1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati
Effects of prey size and venom on the feeding performance and behavior of a piscivorous snake Pelumi M. Adetuberu1, Bruce C. Jayne1 et al.(1) University of CincinnatiHomalopsis buccata, is a rear-fanged (opisthoglyphous) snake, but the importance of venom and the feeding behavior for this and most opisthoglyphous species are not well understood. Hence, we fed these snakes goldfish ranging from 0.44–9.64 g to test how prey size affects the use of venom, feeding behavior, and performance. Total prey handling times (HT) ranged from 9 s to more than 20 min. HT increased significantly with: increased prey size (R2=0.36), more posterior bite location (R2=0.42), and both of these factors (R2=0.74). Most prey (96%) were swallowed head-first, and tail-first swallowing of very small fish was 20 times slower than head-first swallowing. Snakes envenomated fish more frequently with increased fish size and more posterior bite location. Envenomation did not significantly affect swallowing time. However, the snakes often released immobile fish that were bitten posteriorly, and they subsequently bit the head and swallowed the fish head first. Hence, feeding performance, behavior, and envenomation were all highly variable and strongly affected by prey size for H. buccata, and envenomation primarily facilitated prey repositioning rather than handling times. |
| 114 |
Lies have short legs: the limits of deception in gift-giving spiders
Leila Almanza-Vico1, 2, Fátima González1, Manuelita Méndez1,2, Maria J Albo1,3 et al.(1) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República; (2) Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas; (3) Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
Lies have short legs: the limits of deception in gift-giving spiders Leila Almanza-Vico1, 2, Fátima González1, Manuelita Méndez1,2, Maria J Albo1,3 et al.(1) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República; (2) Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas; (3) Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableAlternative mating tactics maximize individual reproductive success. Males of the spider Paratrechalea ornata can perform three gift-giving mating tactics: presenting fresh prey as a nutritive gift (dominant tactic), or offering worthless gifts by providing either prey leftovers after feeding (alternative tactic 1) or plant material collected from the surroundings (alternative tactic 2), all wrapped in silk. We tested the hypothesis that worthless gifts with non-prey items are costly to produce over time, as males cannot feed on them but still invest in silk. Over three consecutive days, males in the Alternative tactic 2 Group were given a non-prey item to produce gifts, while males in the Dominant tactic Group produced nutritive gifts using a prey. Males in this group consumed nearly 30% of the prey before wrapping it in silk and overall increased gift production over time. In contrast, males in the Alternative tactic 2 Group showed a decline in condition, reduced gift production, silk wrapping duration, and less silk investment. Consequently, this alternative tactic is maintained at low frequencies in natural populations and depends on male body condition and silk investment. |
| 116 |
Social Competition Influences Brain Oxidative Stress in a Social Cichlid Fish
Tyler Beyett1, Olivia Buzinski1, Farjana Chamily1, Benjamin Vanderklok1, Peter Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan University
Social Competition Influences Brain Oxidative Stress in a Social Cichlid FishTyler Beyett1, Olivia Buzinski1, Farjana Chamily1, Benjamin Vanderklok1, Peter Dijkstra1 et al.(1) Central Michigan UniversityThe cost of social dominance and reproduction has received considerable interest in understanding the basis of life history trade-offs. Past studies often focus on how competition influences oxidative stress in peripheral tissues, with little attention paid to its impact on the brain despite brain redox balance having important behavioral implications. We used the highly social cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni to investigate this knowledge gap. Dominant males have an upregulated reproductive axis and exhibit intense territorial behavior. Conversely, subordinate males are nonterritorial and reproductively suppressed. We altered the distance between territories to influence the degree of territoriality in group-housed dominant males. We assessed oxidative stress parameters in macrodissected brain divisions and found treatment- and status-level effects in total glutathione levels, in addition to a positive association with relative gonad size. The results of this study provide insight into the link between the social environment and the regulation of brain redox homeostasis. |
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Effects of Turbidity on Social Activity in a Group-Living Fish
Ian M Hamilton1, Mila Collette1 et al.(1) The Ohio State University
Effects of Turbidity on Social Activity in a Group-Living FishIan M Hamilton1, Mila Collette1 et al.(1) The Ohio State UniversityAn individual’s ability to gather social information is influenced by the properties of its sensory environment. In the cooperatively-breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, many displays involved in cooperation, conflict, and dominance relationships are visual. Therefore, the efficacy of these might be affected by changes in turbidity, which affects light levels and water clarity. Based on previous laboratory studies in this system, we predicted that increased turbidity would be associated with lower activity levels and fewer social interactions. To test this, we explored the effects of natural variation in turbidity on intra-group behavioral interactions in the field. We found that interaction frequency was highest at intermediate levels of turbidity for dominant female and subordinate group members and that interaction frequency at high and low turbidity did not differ from one another. For dominant males, interaction frequency increased at the highest level of turbidity. These results suggest that changes in turbidity can influence within-group conflict which could impact dominance structure and group stability. |
| 120 |
Who are you and what are you doing? Response to social information in a cooperatively breeding fish
Kitt W. Kroeger1, Ian M. Hamilton1 et al.(1) The Ohio State University
Who are you and what are you doing? Response to social information in a cooperatively breeding fishKitt W. Kroeger1, Ian M. Hamilton1 et al.(1) The Ohio State UniversityIn hierarchical groups where individuals have different ranks and thus different resource access, rank is likely to influence who is watched and learned from. The cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher forms dominance hierarchies largely based on size. Attention should be paid to higher ranked fish so that an individual can modulate their behavior to reduce aggression. We hypothesized that individuals would change their behavior more after the opportunity to watch a higher ranked individual versus a lower ranked. To test this, we performed a series of shelter choice experiments. First, a focal individual was allowed to observe two shelters with one occupied by a familiar demonstrator. Demonstrators were either of higher or lower rank. The demonstrator was removed and the focal allowed to access both shelters. We found that observers used the area around shelters demonstrated by dominant females more frequently than expected, indicating they paid attention. When demonstrators were lower ranked, both shelters were used less frequently. Low ranked individuals could indicate poor shelter quality or non-group territory; thus an individual may prefer to avoid that area. |
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ResearchObs: A Customizable Application for Behavioral Observation and Rapid Reporting
Jhonatan M. Saldaña Santisteban1,2, Sarah F. Brosnan1,2,3,4 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Georgia State University; (2) Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (3) Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (4) Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University
ResearchObs: A Customizable Application for Behavioral Observation and Rapid ReportingJhonatan M. Saldaña Santisteban1,2, Sarah F. Brosnan1,2,3,4 et al.(1) Department of Psychology, Georgia State University; (2) Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (3) Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Language Research Center, Georgia State University; (4) Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityBehavioral observation applications generate analysis-ready files, support rapid archiving, and improve consistency. Yet these benefits are often limited because tools can be case-specific, difficult to adapt, unsupported, outdated, or require statistical training and additional infrastructure to interpret results. ResearchObs was developed as a free Android application to provide a modern, customizable behavioral observation workflow paired with rapid, structured summaries. ResearchObs is organized around shareable species profiles that define groups/group members, point/state behaviors, session-level variables (e.g., observers), and 2D/3D spatial location. Following a safety-first approach, all data is saved in app but can be exported for USB transfer or uploaded to user-controlled cloud storage. Additionally, ResearchObs provides internal reporting tools to summarize collected data, visualize group- and species-level patterns (e.g., heat maps), and generate social-network style summaries. Overall, ResearchObs reduces friction in data collection, improves standardization, and helps non-technical users move from observation to reporting. |
| 124 |
Investigating the Function of Play Bows in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)
Michael Spiotta1, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere1, Julia Espinosa2 et al.(1) Hunter College, CUNY; (2) York University
Investigating the Function of Play Bows in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)Michael Spiotta1, Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere1, Julia Espinosa2 et al.(1) Hunter College, CUNY; (2) York UniversityThe play bow is a recognizable communicative signal observed in many carnivores, most notably, members of the genus Canis. Various hypotheses have been set forth to describe the function of play bows within canid social behavior. Previous research suggests that wolves (Canis lupus), domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), and dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) use play bows to initiate and resume play. To date, studies exploring play bows have not been carried out with members of the family Canidae outside of the genus Canis. To address this, we analyzed 21 hours of African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) behavior at the Bronx Zoo replicating methods described in Byosiere et al. (2016a). We found that African wild dogs, like other members of the family Canidae, use play bows as visual signals to escape play partners and reinitiate play. Unlike other members of the family Canidae, they do not appear to utilize play bows to clarify misinterpreted behavior or to attack their play partner. The findings from this research suggest that despite a distant divergence from common ancestors, members of the family Canidae share not only similar morphological characteristics but communicative signaling as well. |
Friday, July 17
7:30 AM – 8:00 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Morning Coffee
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8:00 AM – 9:00 AM
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Pavillion
Plenary Session - Liz Hobson
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9:00 AM – 9:30 AM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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9:30 AM – 12:00 PM
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Pavillion
Allee Symposium (1)
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Rookwood
Vocal Communication
Chairs: David E. Gammon, Sylvia L. Halkin |
Rosewood
Symposium: Predator, Prey, and Pet: Domestic Cats in Our Society (1)
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Salon F & G
Sexual Selection
Chairs: Melissa Hughes, Joshua B. LaPergola |
Salon H & I
Cognition and Learning
Chairs: Preston Foerder, Anya Parks |
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| 9:30 |
Bumblebee queens differ in brain morphology but not learning performance across life stages.
Leeah I Richardson1, Shalene Jha1, Christopher M Jernigan2, Felicity Muth1,3 et al.(1) University of Texas Austin; (2) Wake Forest University; (3) University of California Davis
Bumblebee queens differ in brain morphology but not learning performance across life stages.Leeah I Richardson1, Shalene Jha1, Christopher M Jernigan2, Felicity Muth1,3 et al.(1) University of Texas Austin; (2) Wake Forest University; (3) University of California DavisAnimals’ cognition and nerual investment is shaped by ecology. Social bumblebees face distinct pressures over time. Future-queens (gynes) and workers share challenges as they both forage to provision a colony, but as gynes develop into queens, they stop foraging and remain in the underground colony to reproduce. Gynes are better visual learners than workers, but we know little about how cognition changes as a gyne transitions to a queen. We compared bumblebee color learning and brain morphology across workers, gynes, and queens. We hypothesized that nest-bound queens would perform worse at visual tasks and invest less in visual brain regions. However, we found gynes and queens were equally good at color learning and performed better than workers. Reproductive queens had larger olfactory regions than gynes, while visual regions did not differ. Queen brains do not shrink when they transition to a nest-bound reproductive stage, and may even expand – with disproportionate investment in olfaction. We also found brain regions vary by body size differently across castes. These results highlight how shifts in ecological role across the lifecycle shape cognition and neural investment. |
From Frogs to Fitness: Exploring the Acoustic Preferences of a Frog-Biting Mosquito
Richa Singh1,2, Yu-Wei Cheng1, Sydney Moeller1, Ximena Bernal1.2 et al.(1) Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Reseach Institute
From Frogs to Fitness: Exploring the Acoustic Preferences of a Frog-Biting Mosquito Richa Singh1,2, Yu-Wei Cheng1, Sydney Moeller1, Ximena Bernal1.2 et al.(1) Purdue University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Reseach InstituteHost preferences of mosquitoes feeding on ectothermic hosts remain largely unexplored. We investigate the host preferences of Uranotaenia lowii, an acoustically oriented mosquito specialized in eavesdropping on frog calls. We hypothesize that mosquito acoustic preferences are shaped by selection to maximize offspring production. To test this idea, we characterized the calls of six frog species with different evolutionary histories with the mosquitoes and assessed relative attractiveness by tracking mosquito movement to the calls. We also examined the defensive behavior of these hosts when exposed to the mosquitoes. Measuring clutch size, larval development, and adult size, we assessed the fitness consequences of feeding on different hosts. By comparing responses to sympatric and allopatric frogs, as well as invasive species, we reveal that more attractive calls confer higher fitness. Unexpectedly, the invasive host was the highest attractiveness and fitness payoff. This work broadens our understanding of how invasive species may change species interactions and provides proximate and evolutionary insights into host-seeking behavior used by mosquitoes exploiting ectothermic hosts. |
Introduction
Hee Jin Chung
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Claws—What are they good for? Sexual selection, signaling and antipredator behavior in snapping shrimp
Melissa Hughes1(1) College of Charleston
Claws—What are they good for? Sexual selection, signaling and antipredator behavior in snapping shrimpMelissa Hughes1(1) College of CharlestonSexually-selected weapons are common in many taxa, and such weaponry may also serve as signals. While signaling with large weapons may attract the attention of predators, weapons may also play a role in anti-predator behavior. Relationships between exaggerated weaponry and anti-predator behavior are likely to be critical for the evolution of these structures, yet remain poorly understood. In snapping shrimp, both sexes have a greatly exaggerated snapping claw used primarily in conspecific interactions. Males have larger claws than females, and use their claw as both a weapon and signal; for females, on the other hand, the claw does not appear to serve a signaling function. In response to a standardized predator disturbance assay, males with larger claws were less likely to engage with the potential predator, and more likely to flee. In contrast, females with larger claws were more likely to approach the potential predator and directly threaten it. Thus, this weapon appears to be play a different role in anti-predator behavior in males and females, suggesting relationships between exaggerated weaponry and anti-predator behavior are complex and deserve further attention. |
Who Are the Smart Birds? Biased Choice of Study Species in Avian Cognition Research.
Kelsey McCune1(1) Auburn University
Who Are the Smart Birds? Biased Choice of Study Species in Avian Cognition Research.Kelsey McCune1(1) Auburn UniversityTo understand the evolution and function of cognition requires testing many species for a variety of cognitive traits. Statements in scientific and popular literature commonly assert that corvids and parrots are the most cognitively advanced. But, it is unclear whether there is sufficient data from a diversity of taxa to support this claim. I reviewed published experimental research from the last 25 years to evaluate which avian species have been tested for any cognitive trait and whether corvids and parrots are focal species more often than expected. Current research encompasses less than 20% of avian families and less than 1% of species. A large proportion of studies focused on corvids and parrots, or traditional lab subjects such as pigeons. Nonetheless, Paridae were the 3rd, and hummingbirds the 6th, most commonly studied families. While we now have evidence that birds are capable of several complex cognitive abilities, this small and biased sample of focal species precludes conclusions about the cognitive superiority of any species, the evolutionary extent of avian cognition, or the physiological, ecological and geographic characteristics favoring certain cognitive traits. |
| 9:45 |
Signals across media:agonistic responses to calls and substrate-borne vibrations in a Neotropical frog
Luisa F. Arcila-Pérez1, Luis Alberto Rueda-Solano2, Reginald B Cocroft3, Jorge Molina4 et al.(1) Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes; (2) Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada (GIBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena; (3) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri; (4) Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes
Signals across media:agonistic responses to calls and substrate-borne vibrations in a Neotropical frogLuisa F. Arcila-Pérez1, Luis Alberto Rueda-Solano2, Reginald B Cocroft3, Jorge Molina4 et al.(1) Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes; (2) Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada (GIBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena; (3) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri; (4) Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los AndesAcoustic signal production in anurans generates vibrations that propagate through both air and substrate. However, substrate-borne communication (biotremology) remains poorly studied, particularly in agonistic contexts and under natural conditions. We investigated whether male Tachiramantis tayrona exhibit differential agonistic responses to airborne and substrate-borne signals in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. We characterized temporal and spectral properties of both components and conducted unimodal playback experiments. Preliminary data include nine individuals and 34 paired acoustic and vibrational signals. Acoustic stimuli elicited primarily vocal responses with limited locomotor activity, whereas vibrational stimuli induced low locomotor activity and no clear vocal responses. This suggests that substrate-borne vibrations alone may be insufficient to elicit strong agonistic responses. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating substrate-borne vibrations into studies of anuran communication and emphasize the need for integrative approaches to better understand the evolution and functional role of multimodal signaling. |
Importance of individual variation in exploring domestic cat (Felis catus) behavior
Hee Jin Chung1, Carly Moody1, Ben Sacks1, Andrew Sih1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis
Importance of individual variation in exploring domestic cat (Felis catus) behaviorHee Jin Chung1, Carly Moody1, Ben Sacks1, Andrew Sih1 et al.(1) University of California, DavisDomestic cats (Felis catus) have long been known to be successful predators of vulnerable wildlife; however, not as much research has focused on the variation of hunting-related behaviors among individual cats. We highlight that in addition to large-scale efforts to control cat population density, more focus needs to be made on identifying “high-risk” individual cats, and individualizing intervention strategies to attain sustainable conservation solutions. As part of the “Predator, Prey and Pet: Domestic Cats in Our Society” symposium, this talk will focus on reviewing the current literature on individual differences in cat behavior, and compare it with our empirical data collected over the past four years on 1) behavioral assays conducted on domestic cats and their caretakers (n=81), 2) sociological factors that may influence individual cat risk to the environment (N=362) , and 3) molecular analyses on cat scats using DNA metabarcoding (N=33). |
Dominant Male Burton's Mouthbrooder Prefer Bower Entry Sizes Equal to or Greater than Body Length
Andrew G. Fulmer1, Gabriel Sadongei1, Lucas Arnold1 et al.(1) Fort Lewis College
Dominant Male Burton's Mouthbrooder Prefer Bower Entry Sizes Equal to or Greater than Body LengthAndrew G. Fulmer1, Gabriel Sadongei1, Lucas Arnold1 et al.(1) Fort Lewis CollegeBurton’s Mouthbrooders (Astatotilapia burtoni) are a model system in behavioral neuroscience. Males are described as dominant, transitional, or subordinate based in large part on their acquisition and defense of a territory. Under lab conditions cracked terra cotta pots are used as potential territories, or bowers, which are ornamented by males and used during courtship and spawning behaviors. We investigate preference for bower entrance size based on a paired-choice experiment, in which territorial males are placed in a long tank with a model territory (five unmated females in a ten gallon tank adjacent to the central test arena, along with gravel and artificial plants) and a defensible terra cotta pot in the central test arena. The terra cotta pots have three different sizes of entrance – one larger than the male’s body length, one the same size as the average dominant male body length, and one smaller. Preference was determined by duration of defensive behaviors in front of/inside each of these pots. We find that males exhibit a preference for entry sizes larger than or equal to their own body size. |
Spatial Learning in the Harvester Phalangium opilio using a T-Maze with an Aversive Stimulus
Preston Foerder1(1) University of Detroit Mercy
Spatial Learning in the Harvester Phalangium opilio using a T-Maze with an Aversive Stimulus Preston Foerder1(1) University of Detroit MercyHarvesters (Opilionidae), a.k.a. daddy longlegs, are often confused with another arachnid species, spiders. Even so, they have not received the same research focus on their cognitive and learning abilities. Research has shown that they are capable of chemosensory associative learning, habituation, and classical conditioning. In an ongoing research project, we are studying spatial navigation in the harvester species, Phalangium opilio, using a horizontal t-maze lined with citronella oil infused paper as an aversive stimulus. In pilot testing on different essential oils, we determined that citronella had the most aversive effect on P. opilio. To avoid the aversive stimulus, P. opilio must find a box without the stimulus placed at the end of either the right or left arm. Over multiple trials, we can determine if P. opilio can learn the correct route and remember the direction of the unscented goal box. In future research, we will use this method to investigate perception in the species by changing visual and tactile stimuli that indicates the proper route. We will also investigate cognition, learning, and perception in the harvester, Leiobunum vittatum, using vertical v-mazes. |
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| 10:00 |
Adaptive Significance of Winner and Loser Effects
Noah M.T. Smith1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) McMaster University
Adaptive Significance of Winner and Loser EffectsNoah M.T. Smith1, Reuven Dukas1 et al.(1) McMaster UniversityOne empirical rule of animal competition is winner and loser effects, whereby winners have anincreased chance of winning future competitions and losers have an increased chance of losing. We conducted several investigations to understand the empirical and evolutionary basis of winner and loser effects. First, we conducted a meta-analysis that provides empirical support for winner and loser effects across several animal groups. Second, we conducted the first critical test of human winner and loser effects and found that randomly assigned winners outperform randomly assigned losers in a subsequent round. Third, given widespread evidence of winner and loser effects, we formulated a broad adaptive hypothesis: rank-dependent optimal behaviour. Winners, who rank highly, exhibit improved motivation and perform better to capitalize on their advantageous position. Losers show lowered motivation to escape from unfavourable situations. We suggested that losers engage in two optimal strategies: switching away from losing settings and waiting until conditions improve. In controlled experiments, we found that losers were more likely to either switch or wait after a contest compared to winners. |
Calling in the Anthropocene: Anuran Signal Transmission in Urban Environments
Isabella W. Wyatt1, Katherine González2, Ana María Ospina-L.2, Ximena E. Bernal2,3 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee; (2) Purdue University; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Calling in the Anthropocene: Anuran Signal Transmission in Urban EnvironmentsIsabella W. Wyatt1, Katherine González2, Ana María Ospina-L.2, Ximena E. Bernal2,3 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee; (2) Purdue University; (3) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteFor communication to occur, signals must be transmitted from sender to receiver. Signals have evolved in response to natural factors that affect how far they can travel, such as vegetation and biotic noise. Urbanization alters the physical and acoustic structure of signaling environments. However, our understanding of how urbanization affects signal transmission is limited. We investigate the effects of urbanization on signal transmission, focusing on anurans, a group of high conservation concern that relies on acoustic signaling for reproduction. We compare signal transmission in rural and urban environments using the calls of four native species (Hyla versicolor, Acris blanchardi, Lithobates catesbeiana, L. clamitans) in the midwestern United States. Our findings suggest that these distinct environments affect signal transmission, revealing higher excess attenuation at rural sites. Calls, however, suffer similar degradation in both habitats with slightly higher degradation in rural areas for high frequency calls at long distances (16m). Our study helps broaden our understanding of how animal communication changes in urban environments. |
Strength of mate preference for genetic background is sexually dimorphic in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
Erica L. Westerman1, Kiana Kasmaii1, Wendy Hoffert1, Anna P. Cerveny2, Amy Barnhart2, Gregory Pask2 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) Middlebury College
Strength of mate preference for genetic background is sexually dimorphic in Bicyclus anynana butterflies Erica L. Westerman1, Kiana Kasmaii1, Wendy Hoffert1, Anna P. Cerveny2, Amy Barnhart2, Gregory Pask2 et al.(1) University of Arkansas; (2) Middlebury CollegeWhile female mate choice is often considered a main driver of realized mate selection, male choice is also a contributing factor, especially in species where males make energetic contributions to offspring. Here we use the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, a species where males give spermatophores to females, to assess relative strength of female and male mate choice for genetic background. Using a line artificially selected for female preference for ornament number as well as our wild type (WT) line, we held ornament number constant and assessed female preference for selection line (SL) versus WT males, and male preference for SL versus WT females. We also assessed male pheromone blends, as males but not females produce pheromones. We found that females exhibited a strong preference for WT males, while males mated randomly. This female preference was likely not due to shifts in male pheromone, as SL males produced large quantities of similar blends as WT. Our findings suggest that our selection regime influenced relative male fitness more strongly than relative female fitness, and that traits other than ornament number and pheromone blend influence male mating success in this species. |
From Brains to Biological Invasions: Investigating Cognition Across Scales in a Polyphenic Beetle
Rebecca R. Westwick1, Miranda J. Towse1, Armin P. Moczek1 et al.(1) Indiana University
From Brains to Biological Invasions: Investigating Cognition Across Scales in a Polyphenic Beetle Rebecca R. Westwick1, Miranda J. Towse1, Armin P. Moczek1 et al.(1) Indiana UniversityCognition and behavior are critically important as animals make decisions that affect survival and reproduction. Individual variation in cognition can therefore generate differential fitness consequences for individuals when this variation causes them to make different choices. We used the bull-headed dung beetle (Onthophagus taurus) to test whether sex, body size, and reproductive morph are associated with variation in performance on multiple cognition tests. We additionally measured their baseline brain gene expression using RNAseq. And finally, we assessed how these dynamics shape and are shaped by two evolutionarily relevant contexts: biological invasions and anthropogenic heavy metal pollution. We found that sex and body size were each important for performance on different cognition assays. RNAseq results allowed us to identify both distinct and shared brain gene expression repertoires across our groups. Next, we found that beetles from the invasive range showed complex changes to their cognitive performance compared to native range beetles. Finally, while sublethal cadmium exposure had detrimental effects, we showed that mothers facultatively avoid contaminated surface soils |
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| 10:15 |
Who to trust? Mountain chickadees discriminate among social signalers to find food
Sofia M Haley1, Virginia K Heinen1, Joseph F Welklin1,2, Lauren E Whitenack1, Benjamin R Sonnenberg1,3, Ai Ana Richmond1, Katherine A Johnson1, Carrie L Branch4, Vladimir V Pravosudov1 et al.(1) University of Nevada Reno; (2) Cornell Lab of Ornithology; (3) Oregon State University; (4) Western University
Who to trust? Mountain chickadees discriminate among social signalers to find foodSofia M Haley1, Virginia K Heinen1, Joseph F Welklin1,2, Lauren E Whitenack1, Benjamin R Sonnenberg1,3, Ai Ana Richmond1, Katherine A Johnson1, Carrie L Branch4, Vladimir V Pravosudov1 et al.(1) University of Nevada Reno; (2) Cornell Lab of Ornithology; (3) Oregon State University; (4) Western UniversityChickadees are regarded for their vocal complexity, as they use a variety of different call types to communicate diverse information. Although much is known about the components, structure, and use of various chickadee calls, less is known about how chickadees select and use social information in their natural environments. Mountain chickadees reside in harsh montane environments where the cost of relying on social information may be particularly high. Through a series of feeder discovery experiments paired with playbacks, we tested if chickadees at high and low montane elevations showed a preference for food recruitment calls from either the same or a different elevation site. Chickadees at high elevations experience more selective pressure on spatial memory abilities involved in food caching and are thus predicted to be choosier about who they obtain social information from and how they communicate it. In contrast, low-elevation chickadees living in milder conditions may show weak preferences for what social information to use. Interestingly, we found that both high and low elevtion birds showed a preference for calls produced by high elevation birds. |
Evaluating the impact of treat preference on shelter cats’ response to feeding enrichment
Allison Andrukonis1, George C. Brooks1, Erica N. Feuerbacher2 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin – Madison; (2) Virginia Tech
Evaluating the impact of treat preference on shelter cats’ response to feeding enrichmentAllison Andrukonis1, George C. Brooks1, Erica N. Feuerbacher2 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin – Madison; (2) Virginia TechIn-kennel enrichment is one method of decreasing stress in shelter cats. However, the use of feeding enrichment and accounting for individual preference has largely been overlooked. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of interactive feeders with preferred and non-preferred treats on urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio (UCCR) in shelter cats. First, we determined treat preference using a paired-stimulus preference assessment. Then, we randomly assigned cats (n=72) to one of six treatments that were provided daily. We collected urine from each cat before and during the experimental period. Prior to the trial, UCCR did not differ across conditions (p = .16). For control cats, UCCR increased across days in the study (p = .02). Cats in all other treatments exhibited smaller increases in UCCR over time relative to the control, indicating a benefit of enrichment regardless of type (p = .03). Our results suggest that providing feeding enrichment can lessen increases in UCCR across time, but variability in enrichment type and individual cats must be considered. Overall, this work highlights the need to tailor interventions to individuals to improve welfare in shelter cats. |
Effect of seminal fluid adipokinetic hormone on female mating behavior in Aedes aegypti
Laura K. Sirot1, Ferdinand Nanfack Minkeu1, William Reid2, Gemma Briggs1, Dhwani Parsana1, Meghan Wright1, Jade Baek1, Anna McGlade1 et al.(1) The College of Wooster; (2) SUNY Buffalo
Effect of seminal fluid adipokinetic hormone on female mating behavior in Aedes aegyptiLaura K. Sirot1, Ferdinand Nanfack Minkeu1, William Reid2, Gemma Briggs1, Dhwani Parsana1, Meghan Wright1, Jade Baek1, Anna McGlade1 et al.(1) The College of Wooster; (2) SUNY BuffaloMating often changes behavior and physiology of female insects. These changes have been attributed to receipt of seminal fluid molecules (SFMs) in many species, including the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Within an hour after an initial insemination, female Ae. aegypti are generally refractory to subsequent inseminations, a response attributed to SFMs. However, the specific molecules involved in inducing long-term insemination refractoriness have not been identified. In a previous study, we identified adipokinetic hormone (AKH) precursor protein as an SFM in Ae. albopictus. AKH is a well-studied insect neuropeptide that impacts phenotypes including those related to metabolism, locomotion, and reproduction. In this study, we investigated whether AKH impacts female re-insemination patterns. We created an AKH-null line which allowed us to demonstrate that seminal fluid AKH contributes to insemination refractoriness of females. These results lay the groundwork for understanding the evolution and mode of action of novel seminal fluid proteins and how males and female molecular interactions shape behavior. |
Infected Behaviors- Honey Bee As A Model For Infection Associated Cognitive Decline Studies
Meenakshi Vengarai1, Cecelia Huntress2, Mallory Hagadorn1, Prashantbhai D. Kunjadiya3, Katie R. Brooker1, Clare Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of Kentucky MG-CAFE; (2) Lehigh University College of Arts & Sciences; (3) University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Infected Behaviors- Honey Bee As A Model For Infection Associated Cognitive Decline StudiesMeenakshi Vengarai1, Cecelia Huntress2, Mallory Hagadorn1, Prashantbhai D. Kunjadiya3, Katie R. Brooker1, Clare Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of Kentucky MG-CAFE; (2) Lehigh University College of Arts & Sciences; (3) University of Kentucky College of MedicineAltered behaviors in response to pathogen and parasite infections are observed across the animal kingdom, from the fungal manipulation of ant behavior to the loss of innate predator fear in Toxoplasma gondii infected mice. Cognitive impairment presenting during “sickness behavior” arises from genetic, age, and environmental stressor interactions. Although outcomes vary across species, changes in conserved neurocircuitry and neurometabolic pathways are seen in both invertebrates and vertebrates. We used a well-established cognition model, honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to investigate mechanisms linking infection to cognitive decline. We induced systemic infection via yeast injection in random-aged and old (35-day) foragers. Learning was assessed using olfactory conditioning via the proboscis extension response (PER). We evaluated neuronal metabolism through mitochondrial respiration assays, mitochondrial superoxide imaging, and untargeted lipidomics. Results show reduced learning in infected older foragers and reduced mitochondrial respiration (State IV) in older bee brains, with infection effects modulated by genotype and season. |
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| 10:30 |
A cryptic role for reciprocal helping in a cooperatively breeding bird
Alexis D. Earl1,2,5, Gerald G. Carter3,4, Arden G. Berlinger1,6, Elkana Korir2, Shailee S. Shah1,2,3,5,7, Wilson N. Watetu2, Dustin R. Rubenstein1,2 et al.(1) Columbia University; (2) Mpala Research Centre; (3) Princeton University; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (5) Cornell University; (6) University of Cambridge; (7) Cornell Lab of Ornithology
A cryptic role for reciprocal helping in a cooperatively breeding birdAlexis D. Earl1,2,5, Gerald G. Carter3,4, Arden G. Berlinger1,6, Elkana Korir2, Shailee S. Shah1,2,3,5,7, Wilson N. Watetu2, Dustin R. Rubenstein1,2 et al.(1) Columbia University; (2) Mpala Research Centre; (3) Princeton University; (4) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (5) Cornell University; (6) University of Cambridge; (7) Cornell Lab of OrnithologyIdentifying the mechanisms that underlie cooperation is fundamental to biology. The most complex form of cooperation occurs in cooperative breeders, where helpers forego reproduction and assist in raising the young of others, typically kin. Not all cooperative societies, however, are kin-based—nearly half of all avian and mammalian cooperative breeders form mixed-kin societies. Helpers in mixed-kin societies can gain indirect fitness from the preferential helping of relatives, but helpers also assist nonkin, highlighting a potential role for direct fitness. Here, using a 20-year study of superb starlings, we examined how direct and indirect fitness jointly influence helping. We detected kin-biased helping, yet non-kin helping was common. Specific pairs maintained longterm reciprocal helping relationships by swapping roles across their lives. Given the frequency of non-kin helping and the occurrence of reciprocal helping among both kin and non-kin, helping seems to be greatly influenced by direct fitness. However, the relative importance of direct and indirect fitness varied with helpers’ sex and dispersal history. |
Evolution of vocal mimicry within Mimidae
David E Gammon1(1) Elon University
Evolution of vocal mimicry within MimidaeDavid E Gammon1(1) Elon UniversityHundreds of songbird species imitate the sounds of other species, yet systematic comparisons between mimicking species are rare. I intensively sampled the singing of three closely-related mimetic species: the northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). Lineages for these three species each evolved mimicry independently, yet all belong to the family Mimidae, all are morphologically and behaviorally similar, and all share the same study site and therefore hear the same heterospecific models. Song recordings from 12 individuals of each species showed that mockingbirds mimic five times as frequently as the other two species, but the diversity of heterospecific models was similar between species (after correcting for unequal sample sizes of mimetic songs). These background data will provide a basis for future evolutionary studies. |
Assortative mating and sexual selection on signal and preference loci in the European corn borer
Erik Dopman1, Alyssa Murray1 et al.(1) Tufts University
Assortative mating and sexual selection on signal and preference loci in the European corn borerErik Dopman1, Alyssa Murray1 et al.(1) Tufts UniversitySexual signals and preferences are expected to coevolve through nonrandom mating, but this process is rarely measured at the underlying loci. In the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis, we use population cage experiments to test for genotype-specific mating patterns at a mating signal locus in females and a mating preference locus in males. We ask whether observed matings differ from random expectation and whether some genotypes achieve disproportionate mating success. These data provide a direct behavioral-genetic test of how mate choice generates sexual selection on both components of a communication system. The results show how non-random mating can favor specific signal–preference combinations and build the genetic associations predicted under coevolutionary models of sexual communication. |
Endogenous Oxytocin Elevation Influences Knowledge Acquisition in Captive Tufted Capuchins
Paige M. Petschl1, Sarah F. Brosnan1 et al.(1) Georgia State University
Endogenous Oxytocin Elevation Influences Knowledge Acquisition in Captive Tufted CapuchinsPaige M. Petschl1, Sarah F. Brosnan1 et al.(1) Georgia State UniversitySocial learning is central to knowledge acquisition in animals. While the behavioral mechanisms of social learning are well characterized, its neurobiological foundations are understudied. Oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide implicated in affiliation and social salience, may shape how individuals use social information. We tested 10 capuchins (Sapajus spp.) using a token exchange task in which subjects observed a demonstrator exchange two novel tokens differing in reward value before their own trials (social) or immediately began their trials (non-social). OT was manipulated endogenously (fur-rubbing vs. food control) and exogenously (nebulized OT vs. saline control). We found that condition significantly affected the frequency of trading the high-value token (χ²(7)=79.46, p< 0.05). Moreover, subjects were more likely to trade the high-value token under endogenous OT conditions in both the social (b=0.949±0.192, p< .05) and non-social contexts (b=0.699±0.129, p< .05), but there were no significant effects in either control or the exogenous OT conditions. These findings suggest that endogenous OT influences how capuchins incorporate novel information into subsequent decision-making. |
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| 10:45 |
Decoding the duets of yellow-naped amazons
Christine R Dahlin1, Bryce Killinger1, Malanna Snipe1, Small Owen1,2, Guenther Brianna1, Richwine Lily1 et al.(1) University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; (2) ForES Project, School of Natural Sciences
Decoding the duets of yellow-naped amazonsChristine R Dahlin1, Bryce Killinger1, Malanna Snipe1, Small Owen1,2, Guenther Brianna1, Richwine Lily1 et al.(1) University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; (2) ForES Project, School of Natural SciencesParrots represent an excellent model in which to study complex vocal communication because they meet the prerequisites of the social complexity hypothesis and, like humans, have lifelong vocal learning. Despite that, the difficulty in acquiring good field data on wild parrot vocalizations has limited such research. Here, we examine the warble duets of the yellow-naped amazon, a critically endangered species, which are used by mated pairs when defending territories. We found that these duets are marked by a large lexicon of 36 call types, with additional variants. The calls assorted non-randomly within the duets and are organized by syntactic rules. In addition, 31% of the call types are sex-biased (used 75%-99% of the time by one sex), and another 25% of calls are sex-specific (100% of calls given exclusively by one sex). Overall, the duets were marked by great variability; despite being structured by syntactic rules, we observed very little overt repetition in entire duets. This research provides important evidence that large repertoires and complex vocal communication are an important part of the natural communication systems of wild parrots. |
Understanding behavior and activity of adult shelter cat pairs categorized as bonded and non-bonded
Jennifer K Link1, Carly M Moody1 et al.(1) University of California, Davis
Understanding behavior and activity of adult shelter cat pairs categorized as bonded and non-bondedJennifer K Link1, Carly M Moody1 et al.(1) University of California, DavisMany animal shelters designate some cat pairs as “bonded”, meaning they must be adopted together due to perceptions that separation would cause distress. No evidence-based method of determining bonded status exists, and no data exists on the social behaviors of cat pairs in the shelter. We aimed to assess social behavior and activity level of pair-housed adult shelter cats deemed bonded versus non-bonded. Thirty-five cat pairs were observed using 24-hour continuous video recording. Bonded cats (n=15 pairs) were categorized based on shelter designation while non-bonded cats (n=20 pairs) included other pair-housed cats. Behaviors scored included affiliative behaviors, agonistic behaviors, and activity. A negative binomial regression revealed an interaction between time of day and affiliative interactions, with bonded cats being more likely to perform these interactions at night (p=0.04). Overall, all behaviors were more frequent at night, including affiliative (p=0.001), agonistic (p=0.007), and active behaviors (p< 0.001). This research contributes to our understanding of bonded pair social interactions, and may be used to inform shelter housing, management, and adoption strategies. |
Dietary induced changes in gut microbiome and urinary profiles in males alter females’ mate choice
Dingzhen Liu1, Yan He1, Runhan Shi1, Ruizi Li1, Zheng Yan1, Jiayuan Li2, Mei Yang2, Rongping Wei3 et al.(1) Beijing Normal University; (2) Xinyuan Black Bear Breeding Facility; (3) China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda
Dietary induced changes in gut microbiome and urinary profiles in males alter females’ mate choiceDingzhen Liu1, Yan He1, Runhan Shi1, Ruizi Li1, Zheng Yan1, Jiayuan Li2, Mei Yang2, Rongping Wei3 et al.(1) Beijing Normal University; (2) Xinyuan Black Bear Breeding Facility; (3) China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant PandaChemosensory cues inform and affect mammalian mate selection. Gut microbiota (GM) impact host odor through the metabolic regulation of volatile compounds (VCs), yet their role in mate choice is underexplored. We supplemented captive male Asiatic black bears with antibiotic (AB) or yeast (DS). Urinary VCs and GM were analyzed before and after treatment; females’ behavioral preference for males’ urine collected before and after treatments was tested.In DS males, the relative abundance of Sarcina and Vagococcus in GM declined significantly compared to pre-treatment, yet there was no α-diversity change. The urinary profile differed between pre- and post-DS males. In contrast to male urine before yeast feeding, females sniffed the urine odor of yeast-fed males significantly more often and for a longer duration. No such odor preference occurred in females to urine from AB males. Moreover, the deltas of duration of females’ sniffing at DS male urine odors collected before and after treatment were significantly larger than that at AB males. Our results provide the first evidence that GM modulation alters mate choice in females by changing urinary chemosensory cues in males. |
Long-Distance Migration as a Driver of Cognitive Evolution in Monarch Butterflies
Darene A. E. Assadia1, Delbert A. Green1 et al.(1) University of Michigan
Long-Distance Migration as a Driver of Cognitive Evolution in Monarch ButterfliesDarene A. E. Assadia1, Delbert A. Green1 et al.(1) University of MichiganInnate sensory perception enables animals to efficiently detect resources essential for survival, and sensory systems are shaped by environmental demands that vary across spatial and temporal scales. Long-distance migration may drive sensory evolution, as migratory animals must locate resources in unfamiliar, heterogeneous environments, whereas resident animals often exploit stable habitats with consistent resources. The monarch butterfly provides an ideal model to address how migration shapes sensory capacity, with migratory and resident populations worldwide. Here, we compare innate sensory capacity among migratory eastern North American monarchs and resident populations from Costa Rica and Hawaii using a novel indoor flight arena. We find that sensory capacity differs among populations: migratory monarchs show greater attraction to a common nectar plant (Lantana camara) than resident populations. The mechanistic basis of this difference is under investigation. Differences in sensory input (morphology) and integration (neural) are being considered. These findings suggest that innate sensory differences are likely genetically based and can evolve rapidly in this species. |
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| 11:00 |
Visual prey categorization in the jumping spider brain
Alex M Winsor1, Luke Remage-Healey2, Ronald R Hoy3, Elizabeth M Jakob4 et al.(1) Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst; (2) Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst; (3) Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University; (4) Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Visual prey categorization in the jumping spider brainAlex M Winsor1, Luke Remage-Healey2, Ronald R Hoy3, Elizabeth M Jakob4 et al.(1) Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst; (2) Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst; (3) Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University; (4) Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts AmherstMany animals use vision to classify objects, including palatable and aposematic prey that signal unpalatability. How predators use and represent this information in the brain remains unclear. We address these questions in jumping spiders, visual predators of insects that vary widely in value and appearance. These spiders have motion-detecting secondary eyes and principal eyes that provide high-resolution color vision, with retinas that move to scan objects. We presented Phidippus audax with diverse images of palatable and aposematic insects while tracking their behavior. We then monitored gaze using an eyetracker while recording neural activity from lower- and higher-order visual brain areas. Spiders viewed the same prey images and simplified and category-control stimuli to test whether responses depend on features or categories. Behaviorally, spiders were more likely to orient toward and spent longer inspecting palatable than aposematic prey. Among neurons recorded across brain areas, firing rates were ~3x higher for palatable versus unpalatable prey. Overall, these results reveal neural correlates of prey categorization that may inform decision-making in an invertebrate predator. |
The vocal repertoire of nesting Åga (Mariana Crow, Corvus kubaryi)
Andria K Stafford1, Anne B Clark1 et al.(1) Binghamton University
The vocal repertoire of nesting Åga (Mariana Crow, Corvus kubaryi)Andria K Stafford1, Anne B Clark1 et al.(1) Binghamton UniversityThe Åga (Mariana Crow, Corvus kubaryi), is a critically endangered Pacific Island endemic. Few recordings exist of this disappearing species and its vocal repertoire has never been acoustically or functionally characterized. This study describes the diversity and functions of calls used by wild breeding pairs of Åga as recorded on their nesting territories. Spectrographic analyses of these recordings were used to identify discrete calls and their contexts in the Åga’s repertoire. This study provides a description of the vocal repertoire used by pairs of adult Åga through stages of nesting, as recorded by automated recording units (ARUs) near wild nests. We describe eight separate call types, including two, the alarm call and contact call, which occurred at higher rates when a nest was disturbed. Nestling exposure to adult calls may be critical for normal vocal development and important for conservation actions. |
Sex and mating success impact resource allocation and life history traits in Gryllus vocalis field crickets
Madison F. Von Deylen1, Susan N. Gershman2, Agustí Muñoz-García3 et al.(1) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University; (2) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Marion; (3) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Mansfield
Sex and mating success impact resource allocation and life history traits in Gryllus vocalis field cricketsMadison F. Von Deylen1, Susan N. Gershman2, Agustí Muñoz-García3 et al.(1) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University; (2) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Marion; (3) Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at MansfieldResource allocation plays a pivotal role in shaping life-history strategies, often reflecting trade-offs between growth, energy storage, and reproduction. These trade-offs are influenced by sex-specific selective pressures, with males and females adopting distinct strategies to maximize fitness. In this study, we investigated how sex and mating status affect resource allocation to morphological traits (body mass, fat mass, gonadal mass and gut mass) and metabolic rate in Gryllus vocalis field crickets. Our findings reveal marked differences between sexes: females allocated more resources to direct reproductive investment, particularly when mated, while males prioritized structural size and energy storage. Notably, mating status significantly influenced female reproductive investment but had a minimal effect on males, suggesting that male reproductive success is more influenced by competition than direct reproductive effort. These results contribute to our understanding of the physiological limits to the evolution of traits driving fitness in crickets. |
Social Learning in Dogs (Canis familiaris): A systematic review and meta- analysis
Anya E Parks1, Francys Subiaul1, Jeffery Stevens2, Colleen Buckley3, Yasamin Buckley, Colleen- Saberzadeh Ardest1 et al.(1) George Washington University; (2) University of Nebraska-Lincoln; (3) Canine Companions for Independence
Social Learning in Dogs (Canis familiaris): A systematic review and meta- analysisAnya E Parks1, Francys Subiaul1, Jeffery Stevens2, Colleen Buckley3, Yasamin Buckley, Colleen- Saberzadeh Ardest1 et al.(1) George Washington University; (2) University of Nebraska-Lincoln; (3) Canine Companions for IndependenceThe dog, Canis familiaris, has a long co-evolutionary relationship with humans.This history has resulted in dogs exhibiting social cognitive abilities originally thought to be exclusive to our species. Directly quantifying social learning in dogs is an important step in contextualizing their utility as models for social learning. Hence the value of our meta-analysis studying social learning in dogs. To better assess null results and to average across unknown parameters, we used hierarchical, robust Bayesian modeling. Using the PRISMA method, we returned 31 studies, including multiple experiments from each study. Bayesian hierarchical modeling returned an effect size of Cohen’s d, 0.53, 95% CI [0.22,0.83] collapsing across all forms of social learning, with a bayes factor of 75. Goal emulation had an effect size of Cohen's d = 0.785, 95% CI [0.481, 1.094]. Novel imitation had an effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.35, 95% CI [0.15, 0.53], and familiar imitation had a Cohen's d of 0.87, 95% CI [0.468, 1.278]. When combined imitation had an effect size of Cohen's d = 0.52, 95% CI [0.23, 0.79]." |
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| 11:15 |
Quantitative Comparisons of Changes in Northern Cardinal Songs Over Time and Space
Sylvia L. Halkin1(1) Central Connecticut State University
Quantitative Comparisons of Changes in Northern Cardinal Songs Over Time and SpaceSylvia L. Halkin1(1) Central Connecticut State UniversityNorthern Cardinals have individual repertoires of 8-12 song types, shared by both males and females living in the same local population. In comparing songs I recorded from 1981-1986, to songs I recorded in the same location from 2021-2026, I found changes had occurred over this long period of continuous occupancy by Northern Cardinals. Some songs from the 2020s were quite different from any 1980s songs. Other songs had components with similar overall patterns of frequency modulation across the two periods, but with modified frequency ranges and/or repetition rates. In some 2020s songs, both old and new versions of components were included. I will present quantitative comparisons of similar songs and song components recorded in both time periods. I will also make comparisons to similar songs I recorded in 2021 at 10-mile increments from the location of the 1980s recordings. These comparisons provide insight into long-term song consistencies that may help to identify singers as locally adapted birds and facilitate song matching communication within a local population. |
Post-adoption behaviour and adopter satisfaction of undersocialized kittens
Jacklyn J Ellis1(1) Toronto Humane Society
Post-adoption behaviour and adopter satisfaction of undersocialized kittensJacklyn J Ellis1(1) Toronto Humane SocietyIf identified early enough, undersocialized kittens are assumed to be good adoption candidates – although concerns emerge as age at intake increases. This study examined post‑adoption outcomes for shelter kittens classified by socialization status (undersocialized vs. control) and age at adoption (< 12 weeks vs ≥12 weeks). We predicted poorer outcomes for undersocialized kittens overall, and especially for those adopted at ≥12 weeks of age. Adopters completed follow‑up surveys assessing adopter‑reported behavioral traits, responses to situational social interactions (approach and petting, from owner and stranger), and overall adopter experience. Contrary to expectations, post‑adoption outcomes were not associated with age at adoption. While some differences in behavior (particularly related to fear and interactions with strangers) were found by socialization status, these did not translate into reduced adopter satisfaction. These findings challenge age‑based assumptions about social recovery and suggest that undersocialized kittens, including those adopted at older ages, can experience successful outcomes in adoptive homes. |
Alternative hypotheses for sexual size dimorphism in the Hispaniolan Woodpecker
Joshua / B. LaPergola1,2(1) Princeton University; (2) Fordham University
Alternative hypotheses for sexual size dimorphism in the Hispaniolan WoodpeckerJoshua / B. LaPergola1,2(1) Princeton University; (2) Fordham University Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), especially male-biased SSD, is often invoked as evidence of sexual selection, but non-sexual natural selection (i.e., ecological causes) may also play an important role. Few studies, though, have clearly identified examples of ecologically-driven SSD, with fewer still subjecting SSD to simultaneous testing of alternative adaptive explanations. The Hispaniolan Woodpecker (Melanerpes striatus; Aves: Picidae) is often cited as a textbook example of SSD in a feeding apparatus (i.e., the bill) in response to ecological release promoting reduced competition between the sexes, but alternative explanations have never been tested. This species exhibits a fascinatingly complex natural history rife for testing multiple hypotheses to explain its SSD. I will assess the historical case for the ecological causation hypothesis (i.e., reduced intersexual competition) and use new data to explore alternative hypotheses, including: reproductive role partitioning; social selection via competition over resources for reproduction; male-male competition for mates; and female choice for larger males. |
Comparative Cognition in Bumblebees and Its Association with Gut Microbiomes
Smruti Pimplikar1, Nickole Villabona2, Kristal M Watrous2, Tobin J Hammer2, Felicity Muth1,3 et al.(1) University of Texas; (2) University of California; (3) University of California
Comparative Cognition in Bumblebees and Its Association with Gut MicrobiomesSmruti Pimplikar1, Nickole Villabona2, Kristal M Watrous2, Tobin J Hammer2, Felicity Muth1,3 et al.(1) University of Texas; (2) University of California; (3) University of CaliforniaCognitive traits can vary within species in an environment, likely due to trade-off with other traits and other cognitive abilities. Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are a useful system to study trade-offs since closely related individuals have distinct behavioral phenotypes with associated cognitive abilities. Foraging queens learn associations faster than workers, but it is unclear if this comes at the cost of flexibility. We compared behavioral flexibility of queen and worker bumblebees across two species, using a reversal learning paradigm. In an acquisition phase, B. flavifrons queens outperformed workers, however, B. vancouverensis showed no caste differences. Queens of both species outperformed workers across reversal trials but showed no difference in an unrewarded test. Our results suggest that queens’ strong learning performance does not hinder their ability to override learned associations. One hypothesis for this variation is the variation across the gut microbiomes which may impact cognition and behavior. We examined variation in gut microbiomes diversity and community composition across groups in association with their cognitive performance. |
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| 11:30 |
How relaxed preferences facilitate the evolution of novel animal signals
Gabrielle Welsh1, Jay Gallagher2, Mary Westwood3, Robin Tinghitella3 et al.(1) University of Chicago; (2) University of Califoria; (3) University of Denver
How relaxed preferences facilitate the evolution of novel animal signalsGabrielle Welsh1, Jay Gallagher2, Mary Westwood3, Robin Tinghitella3 et al.(1) University of Chicago; (2) University of Califoria; (3) University of DenverThe evolution of sexual signals is critical to the generation of biodiversity. Yet, how novel signals arise and spread is difficult to envision because if receiver preferences are aligned with existing signals, when a novel trait initially invades and is very rare, most receivers should discriminate against it. I investigated an underappreciated hypothesis: relaxed receiver preferences facilitate the earliest stages of novel signal evolution. I capitalized on the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, which recently evolved multiple novel acoustic signals in response to an eavesdropping parasitoid fly only found in the crickets’ introduced range in Hawaii. I conducted phonotaxis trials with females from the cricket’s native range (Australia and French Polynesia) and its introduced range (Hawaii, where it coincides with the fly), presenting females with novel songs and the typical song. In the field, Hawaiian females responded more positively to the novel rattling and typical songs than those from Australia. In the lab, however, those differences across regions were less pronounced. This relaxation in Hawaiian female preferences is likely giving novel signals a foothold. |
Session Pause
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Copulatory Courtship and Cryptic Female Choice in Scathophaga stercoraria Yellow Dung Flies
Hossein Asgari1, Rafael L. Rodríguez1 et al.(1) Behavioral & Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Copulatory Courtship and Cryptic Female Choice in Scathophaga stercoraria Yellow Dung FliesHossein Asgari1, Rafael L. Rodríguez1 et al.(1) Behavioral & Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMale courtship during copulation may function in influencing cryptic female choice decisions. We tested this hypothesis with yellow dung flies, in which the male's 5th abdominal sternite bears flexible lobes that rhythmically contact the female's abdomen during mating. We surgically removed the lobes and assessed mating outcomes. The surgery did not prevent mounting, intromission, or copulation, but significantly reduced sperm storage: females mated with modified males had fewer sperm across fewer spermathecae than females mated with sham control males. In a mating–oviposition–remating–oviposition assay, females first mated with modified males laid fewer eggs initially but dramatically increased oviposition after remating with an intact male—the opposite pattern of females first mated with sham controls. These results suggests that copulatory courtship in yellow dung flies influences at least two cryptic female choice mechanisms: differential sperm storage and oviposition. Our results challenge the prevailing sexual conflict framework in yellow dung flies and support cryptic female choice as a major driver of male genital evolution. |
Gut microbiome linked to spatial memory but not cognitive flexibility in wild food-caching chickadees
A A H Richmond1, B R Sonnenberg2, L E Whitenack3, C L Branch4, S M Haley5, B K Trevelline6, E S Bridge7, V V Pravosudov8 et al.(1) University of Nevada Reno; (2) University of Nevada Reno; (3) University of Nevada Reno; (4) University of Western Ontario; (5) University of Nevada Reno; (6) Kent State University; (7) University of Oklahoma; (8) University of Nevada Reno
Gut microbiome linked to spatial memory but not cognitive flexibility in wild food-caching chickadeesA A H Richmond1, B R Sonnenberg2, L E Whitenack3, C L Branch4, S M Haley5, B K Trevelline6, E S Bridge7, V V Pravosudov8 et al.(1) University of Nevada Reno; (2) University of Nevada Reno; (3) University of Nevada Reno; (4) University of Western Ontario; (5) University of Nevada Reno; (6) Kent State University; (7) University of Oklahoma; (8) University of Nevada RenoUnderstanding cognitive variation is critical for understanding the evolution of cognition. The gut microbiome (GM) appears to contribute in lab models, but it remains unclear whether GM differences contribute to cognitive variation in wild populations where cognition has known fitness consequences. We addressed this gap using food-caching mountain chickadees in the Sierra Nevada, where spatial memory predicts overwinter survival. We profiled the GM of 41 free-living chickadees and tested if GM variation was associated with spatial learning and memory and reversal learning performance. Overall community structure and diversity were not associated with performance, but differential abundance analyses identified specific taxa whose relative abundance covaried with spatial learning and memory, but not reversal learning. Better-performing birds had bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production, linked to improved cognition, while worse-performing birds carried higher relative abundances of environmental taxa. Our results suggest that some variation in spatial cognitive abilities may be driven by GM differences in wild birds. |
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| 11:45 |
Vocal performance constraints span the three major domains of acoustic signaling
Jeff Podos1, João Menezes1 et al.(1) University of Massachusetts
Vocal performance constraints span the three major domains of acoustic signalingJeff Podos1, João Menezes1 et al.(1) University of MassachusettsAcoustic communication signals are known to be shaped by limits on animals' vocal performance capacities. Traditionally, studies of vocal performance constraints, both empirically and conceptually, have focused on two main domains of acoustics, timing and frequency (and their interaction). A flurry of new studies has been focusing on the third main domain of bioacoustics, amplitude, with emerging evidence that animals are indeed constrained in how loudly they can vocalize -- with evidence for interactions between amplitude and vocal timing, frequency, and overall complexity, We here propose that the next frontier in the study of vocal constraints will be to integrate analyses of vocal variation across all three major bioacoustic domains, asking especially how constraints on the three domains interact and manifest acoustically -- and what this might all mean for vocal function. We illustrate this principle using our own studies on some of the worlds' loudest birds, the Neotropical cotingas. |
The adaptive significance of polyandry: a meta-analysis
Reuven Dukas1, Maggie L. Dobbin1, Jacqueline Chen1, Janice L. Yan1 et al.(1) McMaster University
The adaptive significance of polyandry: a meta-analysisReuven Dukas1, Maggie L. Dobbin1, Jacqueline Chen1, Janice L. Yan1 et al.(1) McMaster UniversityPolyandry is prevalent, but we still lack good understanding of females’ optimal patterns of mating despite their importance for sexual selection. A combination of first principles, behavioral observations, and experimental data suggest that, in most species, females would exhibit an optimal intermediate number of mates. We performed a meta-analysis to test this prediction and found that mating with more males generally enhanced female fecundity and reduced female lifespan. The net fitness effects of polyandry, however, were not higher when females mated with more than two males. Our results agree with the optimal intermediate polyandry prediction and suggest that sexual selection could operate on females more strongly than previously assumed, |
Food-Caching Chickadees Do Not Exhibit Age-Related Cognitive Decline Within Their Natural Lifespan
Katherine A. Johnson1, Joseph F. Welklin1, Benjamin R. Sonnenberg2, Carrie L. Branch2, Sofia M. Haley1, Ai Ana Richmond1, Eli S. Bridge3, Vladimir V. Pravosudov1 et al.(1) University of Nevada, Reno; (2) University of Western Ontario; (3) University of Oklahoma
Food-Caching Chickadees Do Not Exhibit Age-Related Cognitive Decline Within Their Natural LifespanKatherine A. Johnson1, Joseph F. Welklin1, Benjamin R. Sonnenberg2, Carrie L. Branch2, Sofia M. Haley1, Ai Ana Richmond1, Eli S. Bridge3, Vladimir V. Pravosudov1 et al.(1) University of Nevada, Reno; (2) University of Western Ontario; (3) University of OklahomaAge-related senescence, or decline in functions, is considered near-universal across the animal kingdom. Cognition is one of the traits that has been reported to start declining early with age, with animals exhibiting gradual cognitive impairments toward the end of life. However, species with strong reliance on cognitive abilities for survival can be expected to evolve some mechanisms allowing them to resist such cognitive senescence throughout their natural lifespan. Here, we tested this hypothesis using food-caching chickadees with specialized spatial cognition required for recovering scattered food caches and surviving harsh winters. Over 10 years, we measured spatial learning and memory in 804 food-caching mountain chickadees ranging from 1 to 10 years old. There was an initial improvement in cognition due to differential mortality of 1- and 2-year-old birds with worse spatial abilities. However, there was no evidence of cognitive decline up to 10 years of age, which is near the maximum lifespan detected in the wild. Our data suggest that food-caching chickadees likely evolved some mechanisms allowing them to maintain their cognitive abilities into old age. |
12:15 PM – 1:15 PM
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Rookwood
Latino Lunch (laac)
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Rosewood
Building Your Community: Creating Collaborative Research at Small Liberal Arts Colleges
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Salon F & G
A/CAAB Professional Certification Meet and Greet
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Salon H & I
NSF Opportunities at Different Career Stages
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1:30 PM – 3:30 PM
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Pavillion
Allee Symposium (2)
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Rookwood
Mating Systems
Chairs: Matthew Wund, Susan Villarreal |
Rosewood
Symposium: Predator, Prey, and Pet: Domestic Cats in Our Society (2)
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Salon H & I
Development and Behavior
Chairs: Yusan Yang, Vivienne Foroughirad |
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| 1:30 |
A Comprehensive Test of Multiple Song Functions in Female Red-winged Blackbirds
Cristina M. Barros1, Lauryn Benedict1 et al.(1) University of Northern Colorado
A Comprehensive Test of Multiple Song Functions in Female Red-winged BlackbirdsCristina M. Barros1, Lauryn Benedict1 et al.(1) University of Northern ColoradoResearch on female birdsong has revealed that females and males don’t always sing in the same contexts, especially among temperate-zone species. Yet, how acoustic song features aid in conveying information, & influencing social behavior, are still poorly understood. I used recordings of female red-winged blackbird songs to compare sexually dimorphic traits in song features, test for six possible song functions, & then relate those to reproductive success. Spectro-temporal analyses showed females exhibit wide intraindividual variation, & these features differ significantly from males. During playbacks, females exhibited the shortest singing latencies, & adjusted song features in response to songs of their mates & conspecific females. Female song rates significantly decreased in response to unfamiliar female rattle songs, & changes in spectral song features were negatively correlated with fledging success. My results support intra-pair communication, intrasexual competition, & parent-offspring communication functions for female song in this species, indicating female song is multi-functional. This study helps deepen our knowledge of animal communication systems & how they evolve. |
Phenotypic Plasticity, Assortative Mating and Adaptive Divergence in Threespine Stickleback Fish
Matthew A. Wund1, Mark K. Sanda2, Krishna R. Veeramah2 et al.(1) The College of New Jersey; (2) Stony Brook University
Phenotypic Plasticity, Assortative Mating and Adaptive Divergence in Threespine Stickleback FishMatthew A. Wund1, Mark K. Sanda2, Krishna R. Veeramah2 et al.(1) The College of New Jersey; (2) Stony Brook UniversityPhenotypic plasticity may promote adaptive divergence when individuals develop in different habitats, leading to divergent morphology that is subsequently the basis for mate choice. We are testing this hypothesis using recently established freshwater populations of threespine stickleback fish inhabiting three Alaskan lakes that formed following the construction of a coastal highway. During the breeding season, these lakes contain both migratory anadromous stickleback and much smaller, freshwater residents that have recently descended from the anadromous migrants. We propose that phenotypic plasticity in body size leads to size-assortative mating between the two forms, facilitating the rapid formation and eventual maintenance of genomically-diverged ecotypes. Field observations indicate strong assortative mating, and preliminary results from a mate preference experiment indicate that both body size plasticity and ecotype identity lead to assortative mating. A genomic study is underway to determine whether this assortative mating is promoting adaptive genomic divergence between the ecotypes. |
Thinking Like a Cat: How Understanding Feline Cognition Can Improve Cat Welfare
Kristyn R. Vitale1(1) Maueyes Cat Science & Education
Thinking Like a Cat: How Understanding Feline Cognition Can Improve Cat WelfareKristyn R. Vitale1(1) Maueyes Cat Science & EducationScientific interest in feline cognition has surged over the past decade. The current body of research has provided a more comprehensive view of how cats understand and navigate their world. This talk explores the social side of the feline mind to discuss how cats perceive social information and use it to guide their behavior. This talk will draw on current research to examine the socio-cognitive abilities of cats, such as how cats interpret human behavior, human cues, and human emotional expressions. Specifically, research on cats’ ability to follow human pointing gestures and eye gaze, as well as their responses to human voices and words, will be discussed. The presentation will also consider the role of social relationships in the lives of cats, such as whether cats form attachment bonds with humans and the social skills cats display toward other cats. Through the integration of scientific findings with practical applications, this presentation will demonstrate how a better understanding of feline cognition can inform improved cat care practices that ultimately enhance cats’ health, welfare, and overall quality of life. |
Pupation substrate preference and its effects on eclosion and morphology in black soldier flies
Samuel O. Durosaro1, Rodrigo Rodriguez-Guevara1, Alex Glica1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis
Pupation substrate preference and its effects on eclosion and morphology in black soldier flies Samuel O. Durosaro1, Rodrigo Rodriguez-Guevara1, Alex Glica1, Meghan Barrett1 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Indiana University IndianapolisBlack soldier flies are farmed in trillions, but little information is available on the animal's environmental preferences or their fitness-relevant effects. Here, we tested which pupation substrates prepupae prefer (potting soil, sand, and wood shavings); whether this preference was based on differences in light exposure that result from the different substrate densities; and the effects of the most and least preferred pupation substrates on adult eclosion rate, time, and adult morphology. Prepupae preferred potting soil and sand to wood shavings in binary-choice assays; this preference was not affected by removing light exposure. While preferred pupation substrate did not affect eclosion rate and timing, some morphological variables were impacted: window fullness (the amount of visible fat in the ventral abdominal window) was reduced by 14.81% in female flies, and both males and females had reduced head widths and dry mass in wood shavings (less preferred) compared to potting soil (more preferred). In conclusion, prepupae exhibited substrate preference that improved some adult traits; preference tests may help guide producers in selecting environments that maximize production. |
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Variation at a single locus predicts female preference for male ornamentation in a butterfly
Brooke Kester1, Kiana Kasmaii1, Erica L Westerman1 et al.(1) University of Arkansas
Variation at a single locus predicts female preference for male ornamentation in a butterflyBrooke Kester1, Kiana Kasmaii1, Erica L Westerman1 et al.(1) University of ArkansasLittle is known about the genetic basis of mate preferences associated with the extraordinary diversity of animal ornamentation. We address this question using Bicyclus anynana butterflies, a species in which male UV-reflective eyespots serve as a visual signal in female mate choice. Although B. anynana males are naturally ornamented with two eyespots, ~35% of females preferentially mate with males painted to have four eyespots. Previous genetic mapping identified a genomic region associated with eyespot preference containing a candidate gene encoding juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP). To test whether JHBP genotype predicts female preference, we conducted targeted breeding and behavioral assays. We established families homozygous for the less common allele, hypothesized to be associated with preference for 4-spot ornamentation. Female offspring assayed in binary choice trials showed increased preference for 4-spot males, supporting JHBP as a gene of major effect underlying within-population variation in ornamentation preference and mating behavior. This work deepens our understanding of the maintenance of preexisting mating biases and ornament evolution. |
A Total Snooze? Novel Insights into Yawning in Dairy Calves
Blair C. Downey1, Emma E. Hafner1, Mackenzie K. Joye1, Blair F. Wermuth1 et al.(1) University of Tennessee, Knoxville
A Total Snooze? Novel Insights into Yawning in Dairy CalvesBlair C. Downey1, Emma E. Hafner1, Mackenzie K. Joye1, Blair F. Wermuth1 et al.(1) University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleYawning, a behavior commonly observed across vertebrates, is associated with a range of states, including stress, fatigue, and boredom. Yawning could thus serve as a noninvasive indicator of welfare in captive settings, but has never been documented in some species, like dairy cattle. Our objective was to describe yawning behavior in dairy calves, including typical expressions and circadian patterns, and to identify behaviors and postures that occur around yawning. Ten dairy calves raised according to standard US farm practice were video-recorded for 24h at 4wk of age, and scored using focal sampling for yawning with a continuous recording rule. We watched calves for 2min before and after each yawn to identify posture and proximal behaviors. We found that calves yawn 2-17 (median=4.5) times per day, throughout the day. Yawns were equally likely to occur while calves were standing compared to lying down, but rarely occurred around postural changes. Yawns often directly followed other behaviors that require opening the mouth, like self-grooming or tongue flicking, raising questions as to whether they are triggered by similar underlying motivations. |
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Latent preference for red ornamentation overrides existing preferences and blurs species boundaries
Lin Yan1, Noah J. Huh1, Ian Ashton2, Daniel Ibañez1,3, Malcolm F. Rosenthal1,4, Marshal Hedin2, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California, Berkeley; (2) San Diego State University; (3) University of Kansas; (4) Columbia University
Latent preference for red ornamentation overrides existing preferences and blurs species boundariesLin Yan1, Noah J. Huh1, Ian Ashton2, Daniel Ibañez1,3, Malcolm F. Rosenthal1,4, Marshal Hedin2, Damian O. Elias1 et al.(1) University of California, Berkeley; (2) San Diego State University; (3) University of Kansas; (4) Columbia UniversityMate choice can act as a barrier or bridge between species. Using experimental and field data, we examined mate choice in the Habronattus americanus subgroup to understand mating patterns between two closely related species with divergent courtship but with evidence of past introgression. Simulated secondary contact in the lab between H. americanus (red phenotype) and H. sansoni (brown phenotype) revealed an overall female preference for red coloration that, for H. sansoni, overrides existing preferences for conspecific courtship displays and phenotypes. Sampling of a hybrid zone between another pair of species, H. americanus and H. kubai (brown phenotype) showed patterns consistent with an overall preference for red phenotypes, including a predominance of red phenotypes and a negative relationship between red coloration and courtship phenotypes. These results suggest that female preference for red drives directional hybridization, providing a mechanism by which mate choice can facilitate the blurring of species boundaries and potentially extinction via hybridization. |
Temperature and Social Context Jointly Shape Mating and Parenting in a Wild Mediterranean Fish
Louise M. Alissa1,2, Susan Marsh-Rollo1,3, Kelly A. Stiver4, Suzanne H. Alonzo1 et al.(1) University of California, Santa Cruz; (2) Universidade de São Paulo; (3) McMaster University; (4) Southern Connecticut State University
Temperature and Social Context Jointly Shape Mating and Parenting in a Wild Mediterranean FishLouise M. Alissa1,2, Susan Marsh-Rollo1,3, Kelly A. Stiver4, Suzanne H. Alonzo1 et al.(1) University of California, Santa Cruz; (2) Universidade de São Paulo; (3) McMaster University; (4) Southern Connecticut State UniversityTo understand how reproduction will shift in a changing world, we must integrate environmental and social influences on mating and parenting. Using 15 breeding seasons of data on the ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus), a Mediterranean fish with alternative male tactics and obligate male care, we examined how temperature affects mating opportunities, social interactions, and parental behavior. Elevated temperatures were associated with fewer females and sneaker males per nest, while intermediate temperatures had more individuals with a more skewed distribution among nests. Satellite male presence was not temperature-dependent but was more frequent at nests with many females and sneakers, indicating that cooperation depends more on social context than temperature. Males were more likely to desert at higher temperatures and at nests with fewer females and less satellite male presence. Overall, these results show that warming reduces nest activity, alters social dynamics, and decreases paternal effort. Predicting how animal reproduction changes under environmental change requires linking individual responses to population-level patterns. |
Meeting the Behavioral Needs of Pet Cats Indoors
Annie Valuska1(1) Nestlé Purina PetCare
Meeting the Behavioral Needs of Pet Cats IndoorsAnnie Valuska1(1) Nestlé Purina PetCareThe question of whether pet cats should be allowed to roam freely outdoors remains a polarized issue, often framed around trade-offs among environmental impact, cat welfare, and the human–animal bond. Research suggests that many cat owners associate outdoor access with perceived reductions in “problem” behaviors, greater autonomy for their cats, and reinforcement of the human–cat bond when cats voluntarily return home. This presentation explores alternative strategies for meeting owner-identified needs without relying on unrestricted outdoor access, drawing on principles from feline behavior and welfare science. Topics include behaviorally informed changes in the home environment; strategies for providing cats with indoor opportunities for choice, control, and engagement in species-typical behaviors; and routines that may strengthen the human–cat bond. By reframing the outdoor access debate around function rather than location, this review offers evidence-based, welfare-focused solutions that support cats and their caregivers. |
Development of personality across metamorphosis in Ranitomeya imitator tadpoles
Yusan Yang1, Grace Angeli1, Pamela Carabantes1, Biana Qiu2, Olivia Feagles1 et al.(1) University of South Florida; (2) Denison University
Development of personality across metamorphosis in Ranitomeya imitator tadpoles Yusan Yang1, Grace Angeli1, Pamela Carabantes1, Biana Qiu2, Olivia Feagles1 et al.(1) University of South Florida; (2) Denison UniversityPersonality is inter-individual differences consistent across time and contexts, and behavioral syndromes are correlations between two or more of personality axes among individuals . Relatively little is known about the development of personality, particularly in species that undergo major developmental shifts such as frog metamorphosis. This study evaluates whether personality and behavioral syndrome are consistent or changing as Ranitomeya imitator poison frog tadpoles develop. We focus on the exploration, activity, and boldness personality axes, using both an open field test and a shelter test. Each tadpole underwent four replicates per assay type every other week until they metamorphosed (~ 2 mo). We found that activity and exploration were more repeatable than boldness, and these two personality axes stabilized and became more repeatable as the tadpoles developed. Activity and exploration decreased with age, while boldness did not. There were also strong correlations among personality axes, indicating behavioral syndromes. Our results suggest that distinct personality axes may exhibit different developmental patterns and that personality becomes more solidified with age. |
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Testing male and female mate choice in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Susan Villarreal1(1) Denison University
Testing male and female mate choice in Culex pipiens mosquitoesSusan Villarreal1(1) Denison UniversityMate choice is often assumed to shape reproductive outcomes, yet evidence for discrimination in mosquitoes remains limited. In Culex pipiens, a major vector of West Nile virus, both female and male mate choice are poorly understood. Previously, we found no evidence that either sex discriminates among mates based on size, despite males potentially receiving a fitness benefit from mating with larger females. Here, we tested for male mate discrimination using a fluorescent dye-transfer assay that marks females during attempted copulation, allowing the separation of mating attempts from successful insemination. We manipulated female receptivity by injecting seminal fluid protein (SFP) extracts and quantified both insemination and mating attempts relative to controls. SFP-injected females were less likely to be inseminated, but showed no reduction in dye transfer, indicating males did not avoid unreceptive females. These results suggest limited mate discrimination, with males failing to adjust mating effort despite variation in female receptivity. This lack of discrimination may reduce reproductive efficiency and has implications for strategies targeting mosquito mating behavior. |
A multi-angle view of plasticity and function of iridescence in Morpho butterflies
Juliette J. Rubin1,2, Pushkar R. Wagh2, Leo T. Camino2,3, Yanileth F. Lopez-Tacoaman2,4, Greta Hernandez2, W. Owen McMillan2 et al.(1) Texas Tech University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (3) Duke University; (4) Virginia Tech
A multi-angle view of plasticity and function of iridescence in Morpho butterfliesJuliette J. Rubin1,2, Pushkar R. Wagh2, Leo T. Camino2,3, Yanileth F. Lopez-Tacoaman2,4, Greta Hernandez2, W. Owen McMillan2 et al.(1) Texas Tech University; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (3) Duke University; (4) Virginia TechIridescence is widespread across butterflies with diverse functions, including anti-predator defense and mate signaling. This color strategy is generated by nanostructures on the wing scales. It is unclear how vulnerable these structures are to environmental conditions during development and how sensitive relevant perceivers are to color changes that may be incurred by environmentally-modified nanostructures. Here, we exposed Morpho helenor to three temperature treatments during pupal development: control tropical (28°C day/night), temperate cool (28°C day/ 14°C night), and hot house (35°C day/ 28°C night; simulating the IPCC business-as-usual climate scenario). We found that the hot house treatment dulled Morpho iridescence. This effect seemed to partly result from a narrowing of the distance between ridge nanostructures. To test how dulled iridescence may influence important biological activities, we conducted mating trials where female M. helenor were able to choose between fully iridescent or completely dulled males. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences. We discuss the alternate roles that iridescence likely plays and the importance of plasticity in this trait. |
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Evolving Aggression: Direct, indirect, and inbreeding effects on social interactions of house crickets
Sekhar M A1(1) North Dakota State University
Evolving Aggression: Direct, indirect, and inbreeding effects on social interactions of house cricketsSekhar M A1(1) North Dakota State UniversityAggressive behaviour arises from social interactions, however it is often treated as an individual trait in quantitative studies. Individuals adjust their behaviour in response to the traits and actions of others, where the genotype of one individual influences the phenotype of another, known as indirect genetic effects (IGEs). IGEs provide a framework for incorporating social interactions into evolutionary models, but most empirical work focuses on dyadic interactions and rarely considers variation across generations or more complex social contexts. Here, I used house crickets (A.domesticus) to examine direct and indirect effects during agonistic interactions. I found that the probability of initiating aggression is shaped by both direct and indirect effects, suggesting that social partner contributions vary across interaction stages.Inbreeding modified aggressive escalation and the strength of indirect effects, indicating that genetic background reshapes social environments. Finally, female genotype generated second-order IGEs by altering male-male contest dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate that aggression is shaped by multiple levels of social and genetic interactions |
Breeding experience and pair-bond duration increase reproductive success in a cooperative breeder.
Sahas Barve1, Guy Beauchamp2, Tori D. Bakley1, John W. Fitzpatrick3 et al.(1) Archbold Biological Station; (2) Independent Researcher; (3) Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Breeding experience and pair-bond duration increase reproductive success in a cooperative breeder. Sahas Barve1, Guy Beauchamp2, Tori D. Bakley1, John W. Fitzpatrick3 et al.(1) Archbold Biological Station; (2) Independent Researcher; (3) Cornell Lab of OrnithologyLong term-monogamy may increase familiarity and coordination within pairs leading to increased fitness and survival. One challenge in the study of long-term monogamy is to disentangle the effects of age, breeding experience, and pair-bond duration on fitness and survival. We investigated the effect of pair-bond duration and breeding experience in Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) using longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches taking advantage of frequent re-pairing in older individuals. Based on 35 years of data, we found that that both breeding experience and pair-bond duration independently increased reproductive success (number of nutritionally independent young), controlling for other important factors like age, territory size, population density etc. Neither breeding experience nor pair-bond duration influenced survival in the non-breeding season, but survival in the breeding season slightly increased for experienced birds. We also found that mating with an older partner reduced survival in the non-breeding season. This study highlights the importance of experience in determining reproductive success especially when experience is acquired with the same partner. |
Careful Cats: Can Understanding Behavior Keep our Cats Safe from Predators?
Melinda Weaver1, Eric Strauss2 et al.(1) Arizona State Univeristy; (2) Loyola Marymount University
Careful Cats: Can Understanding Behavior Keep our Cats Safe from Predators?Melinda Weaver1, Eric Strauss2 et al.(1) Arizona State Univeristy; (2) Loyola Marymount UniversityDog behavior is widely studied, but cat behavior is not nearly as well studied or understood. However, given that cats are often allowed outdoors unsupervised, understanding cat behavior may be much more important because it could be life-saving. Nearly 60% of interactions between cats and coyotes end in cat death, but patterns emerge: those cats that are able to fight the coyote rather than run are more likely to survive. Learning more about cat behavior could help us provide assessments to owners about how their behavior may affect their ability to survive as an indoor-outdoor behavior. While many owners believe that their cats want to be outside, cat behavior indicates that some cats actually prefer to be indoors. This study will look at several key personality dimensions that are well-understood for many animals: exploration, sociability, boldness, and affinity for humans, while also recording stress levels during these tests. We will also observe outdoor activity patterns. In sum, this will allow humans to understand their cat’s behavior in a way that will allow them to provide a stimulating environment tailored to their individual cat while still keeping them safe from harm. |
Ontogeny of Prey Capture Behaviors in a Web-Building Spider
Madison Rittinger1, Rafael Rodríguez1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Ontogeny of Prey Capture Behaviors in a Web-Building SpiderMadison Rittinger1, Rafael Rodríguez1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeAn animal’s behavior varies throughout ontogeny. Many of these changes can be attributed to learning, maturation, or how those processes interact with an individual’s genetics. Here we investigate the ontogeny of prey capture in Pholcus phalangioides spiders. Prior work has shown that prey capture in this species is an innate set of behaviors. Although these behaviors are innate, that does not exclude them from being modified throughout ontogeny. For our experiment, we reared spiderlings from multiple families in the lab; randomly assigned them a feeding treatment and an instar for testing; and quantified prey capture behaviors. Our treatments were designed to vary opportunities individuals could learn to improve their behaviors. By comparing behaviors across treatments, instars, and families we tested whether the ontogeny of predatory behaviors can be attributed to learning, maturation, and/or an individual’s genetics. Although there is ample information regarding how spiders capture prey, less is known about how these behaviors develop. The results from this experiment can illuminate how predatory behaviors change throughout development and which processes drive those changes. |
| 2:45 |
Female Southern Flying Squirrels Prefer Males From Different Forest Locations
Katie E. Ekholm1, Angela R. Freeman1 et al.(1) Salisbury University
Female Southern Flying Squirrels Prefer Males From Different Forest LocationsKatie E. Ekholm1, Angela R. Freeman1 et al.(1) Salisbury UniversityThe ability to identify a suitable mate may be the most important aspect of reproduction for animals. Yet, we know little about how southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) females choose their mates. We hypothesized that traits such as body size, anogenital distance (an indicator of androgen exposure in utero), or birthplace influence mate choice in this species. Based on a preference test in which females could approach or avoid males, we found that female investigation of males depends on both male and female anogenital distances. Females tended to show greater interest in males with high anogenital distances when their own anogenital distances were shorter. Females preferred to associate with males from different forest locations than their own birthplace. We suspect that the preference for males from different locations may be a form of inbreeding avoidance or a way to maximize genetic compatibility. These data help elucidate what variables drive female mate choice in this charismatic species. |
Hidden Variation: Characterizing Social Responsiveness from Individual Development to Collective Outcomes
Aurelia T. Valente1, Kelly B. Miller2 et al.(1) University of New Mexico, Biology Department; (2) University of New Mexico, Biology Department
Hidden Variation: Characterizing Social Responsiveness from Individual Development to Collective OutcomesAurelia T. Valente1, Kelly B. Miller2 et al.(1) University of New Mexico, Biology Department; (2) University of New Mexico, Biology DepartmentCurrent understanding of the ecological and evolutionary significance of individual behavioral variation remains limited. Recent studies have identified genetic mechanisms associated with reduced social responsiveness in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Studies suggest these pathways may be conserved across diverse animal taxa. In eusocial insects, colony organization emphasizes social cohesion; however, socially sub-responsive individuals, healthy individuals exhibiting reduced response to social cues, remain active in hive function. Genetic mechanisms underlying reduced social responsiveness may also influence neural circuits involved in sensory and cognitive processing, affecting task performance. This may extend to influence foraging behavior and pollination, though this has been largely unexplored. We present a framework for exploring individual social behaviors and preliminary results from a modular observation hive system designed for longitudinal monitoring and genetic analysis. This work lays the foundation for future studies evaluating the ecological and evolutionary implications of individual variation in social responsiveness across diverse taxa, including humans. |
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| 3:00 |
Optimal tuning not required: birds communicate effectively with mismatched auditory filters.
Matías Muñoz1,2, Wouter Halfwerk2 et al.(1) Oklahoma State University; (2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Optimal tuning not required: birds communicate effectively with mismatched auditory filters.Matías Muñoz1,2, Wouter Halfwerk2 et al.(1) Oklahoma State University; (2) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamBirds have one of the most remarkable vocal capacities among vertebrates, yet we know little about how their hearing relates to vocal traits across broad phylogenetic scales, or whether these traits coevolve tightly or loosely. We collected vocal and auditory data for 72 bird species across 15 orders and tested whether hearing is finely tuned to the spectral composition of their vocalizations (the matched-filter hypothesis). We found that audition does not predict vocal frequency, and mismatches between hearing and vocalizations are widespread. These mismatches arise from allometry: auditory tuning and vocal spectra scale differently with body mass. Despite this, hearing remains sensitive to key spectral components of vocalizations. Our results challenge the idea that sensory systems must be finely tuned to conspecific signals for effective communication. Instead, selection for broader auditory tuning may allow birds to communicate while maintaining general environmental awareness. We argue that hearing–vocal relationships in birds are better described as diffuse coevolution shaped by broader ecological contexts rather than strict dyadic interactions. |
Investment in social relationships drives movement patterns in spotted hyenas
Jana M. Woerner1,2,3,4, Kayla Fowler1,3, Andrew S. Gersick2,3,5, Kay E. Holekamp1,3, Frants H. Jensen2,6, Marsden Onsare3, Malit O. Pioon3, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin2,3,4, Eli D. Strauss1,2,3,4 et al.(1) Michigan State University; (2) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (3) Mara Hyena Project; (4) University of Konstanz; (5) Princeton University; (6) Aarhus University
Investment in social relationships drives movement patterns in spotted hyenasJana M. Woerner1,2,3,4, Kayla Fowler1,3, Andrew S. Gersick2,3,5, Kay E. Holekamp1,3, Frants H. Jensen2,6, Marsden Onsare3, Malit O. Pioon3, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin2,3,4, Eli D. Strauss1,2,3,4 et al.(1) Michigan State University; (2) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (3) Mara Hyena Project; (4) University of Konstanz; (5) Princeton University; (6) Aarhus UniversitySex differences in movement reflect distinct fitness priorities: females prioritize resource acquisition, whereas males balance feeding with mating effort, especially when reproductive success depends on sustained associations with females. In fission-fusion societies like those of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), social relationships are particularly costly as individuals must travel among widely dispersed groupmates. Hyenas exhibit female mate choice and female-biased dominance, so breeding males must cultivate these bonds while competing for food. We deployed high-resolution GPS and accelerometer collars on all adults of a single group in Kenya to test how reproductive and social strategies shape movement. Breeding males traveled farther than females, and males that traveled farther encountered more females, whereas female travel did not predict female encounters. Males were also more likely to end movement bouts near females and traveled farther when doing so. Finally, males were active longer, especially in the morning, likely to feed when dominant females were resting. These results show how reproductive and social pressures shape movement trade-offs in group-living animals. |
Predation by Domestic Cats as a Conservation Problem in the United States
Jonathan Losos1(1) Washington University
Predation by Domestic Cats as a Conservation Problem in the United StatesJonathan Losos1(1) Washington UniversityThe domestic cat, Felis catus, occurs on every continent except Australia. Not very different from their wildcat ancestors, domestic cats are exquisitely adapted predators. In some places, such as Australia and many oceanic islands, cats are an indisputable conservation problem, responsible for the extinction of many species and the endangerment of others. In the United States, cats kill billions of small animals and many consider them a major threat to the existence of some species. Not everyone agrees, however, and animal welfare advocates prioritize the health of free-roaming cats over the prey they may kill. This talk will evaluate these contrasting views, addressing what the science says and what the way forward may be.This talk will be part of the "Cats as Pets, Predators, and Prey" symposium. |
Using social behavior in bees to explore how early-life experience impacts neural system
Mallory A. Hagadorn1, Ryan T. Marion1, Erica J. Brus2, Clare C. Rittschof1 et al.(1) Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky; (2) Unaffiliated
Using social behavior in bees to explore how early-life experience impacts neural systemMallory A. Hagadorn1, Ryan T. Marion1, Erica J. Brus2, Clare C. Rittschof1 et al.(1) Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky; (2) UnaffiliatedEarly-life experiences can have lasting impacts on adult behaviors, presumably by altering nervous system development. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying developmental “critical periods” could explain how and why some experiences have life-long impacts on behavior while other effects are reversible. In eusocial insects, the outcome of individual experiences manifests at the group-level; in turn, the social group shapes individual experience. Yet, how early-life experiences shape neurodevelopment and adult state is understudied, hindering our understanding of the causes of and limits to adult behavioral plasticity in these dynamic groups. Using honey bees, we explored how the timing of early-life social isolation impacts developing sensory systems. Young and old larvae were periodically inhibited from caregiver contact (required for food provisioning). We collected the resulting neural tissue from larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults. Using qPCR, we assessed brain gene expression across these timepoints, targeting neuroplasticity and stress-related genes. Our results yield novel insight into the plasticity and resiliency of social insect brains and behaviors across life stages. |
| 3:15 |
Examining the drivers of divorce in male-male cooperative alliances in a tropical lekking bird
Daniel A. Gutierrez-Carrillo1, Emily H. DuVal1 et al.(1) Florida State University
Examining the drivers of divorce in male-male cooperative alliances in a tropical lekking birdDaniel A. Gutierrez-Carrillo1, Emily H. DuVal1 et al.(1) Florida State UniversityUnderstanding the factors that drive individuals to split social bonds offers insight into how social systems persist. In socially monogamous species, divorce can be adaptive if it increases fitness. Cooperation is also thought to be favored when it benefits participants, but these benefits may act on different fitness components and temporal scales. Cooperative alliances allow us to study the drivers of ending asymmetrical social partnerships. Male Lance-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) form hierarchical alliances between an alpha and a beta to perform courtship displays, but only alphas mate. Dissolving an alliance could depend on the interplay between common and private gains of each member. We examined how individual benefits and alliance composition influence the likelihood of divorce. Changes in alphas' short-term reproductive success did not predict divorce. Instead, divorce was more likely when alphas interacted with more individuals, when partners differed more in age, and in early alliance stages. Our results suggest that divorce may be driven by potential gains to the alpha, not the beta, and alliance stability depends on its composition. |
Early life adversity leads to delayed age at first birth in bottlenose dolphins
Vivienne Foroughirad1, Molly McEntee2, Meredith MacQueeney3, Janet Mann3 et al.(1) Texas A&M University at Galveston; (2) University of California Santa Cruz; (3) Georgetown University
Early life adversity leads to delayed age at first birth in bottlenose dolphinsVivienne Foroughirad1, Molly McEntee2, Meredith MacQueeney3, Janet Mann3 et al.(1) Texas A&M University at Galveston; (2) University of California Santa Cruz; (3) Georgetown UniversityEarly life adversity can have cascading effects into adulthood including life history modifications such as delayed reproductive debut. In 2011, Shark Bay, Western Australia experienced an extreme marine heatwave which resulted in significant habitat loss and reduced fitness among the resident dolphin population. We leveraged long-term observations of adult females (N = 108) over 39 years to investigate changes in age at first observed birth associated with this chronic early life stressor. The maternal age range for all first observed births was 9.2 - 20.0 years, and females who reached the minimum age of sexual maturity after the heatwave were observed to give birth to their first calves 1.5 years later on average than those who reached maturation prior. Variation in age at first birth also increased after the disturbance. As some females were never successfully observed to give birth, we also examined the probability of a female giving birth by the median age of 13 years, which decreased significantly from 45.9 % to 23.3 % following the heatwave. These results provide support for the importance of early-life ecological adversity in predicting long-term population dynamics. |
3:30 PM – 4:00 PM
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Hall of Mirrors
Coffee Break
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4:00 PM – 5:30 PM
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Pavillion
Allee Symposium (3)
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Rookwood
Social Structures
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Rosewood
Symposium: Predator, Prey, and Pet: Domestic Cats in Our Society (3)
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Salon H & I
Vision and Light
Chairs: Agustin Ivan Casale |
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Closing Remarks
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Raccoons optimally forage for information: exploration-exploitation tradeoffs in innovation
Hannah J. Griebling1, Shylo R. Johnson2, Sarah Benson-Amram1 et al.(1) University of British Columbia; (2) USDA National Wildlife Research Center
Raccoons optimally forage for information: exploration-exploitation tradeoffs in innovationHannah J. Griebling1, Shylo R. Johnson2, Sarah Benson-Amram1 et al.(1) University of British Columbia; (2) USDA National Wildlife Research CenterAnimals in rapidly changing environments, such as cities, should optimize information gathering to learn about and efficiently forage in these heterogeneous environments. We took an optimal foraging theory approach to study innovation in a successful urban mammal. We presented captive raccoons (Procyon lotor) with a multi-access puzzle box (MAB) with three possible solutions at one of three difficulty levels (easy, medium, hard). In contrast to previous MAB studies, we allowed the raccoons to solve as many solutions as they preferred during their trials, and we kept all solutions available across all trials at each difficulty level. Using this paradigm, we found that raccoons optimize information gain and energy gain – they explore and innovate more when presented with easier problems and exploit known solutions more when presented with difficult problems. This ability to flexibly problem-solve and optimize information foraging may be beneficial for this flourishing urban mammal. |
Understanding the drivers and variability of lemur social structures
Caroline L Shearer1, Christine M Drea1,2 et al.(1) University Program in Ecology, Duke University; (2) Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University
Understanding the drivers and variability of lemur social structuresCaroline L Shearer1, Christine M Drea1,2 et al.(1) University Program in Ecology, Duke University; (2) Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityFemale dominance in certain species (e.g., spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta; meerkat, Suricata suricatta) is underwritten by androgen-mediated competition, purportedly to gain priority of resource access and improve offspring survival. The functional impact of resource access, however, remains untested. We compared behavioral endocrine variables in two sympatric brown lemur species – the female-dominant (FD) Eulemur coronatus and the sexually co-dominant (CD) E. sanfordi – in both a resource-rich and lean environment in northern Madagascar. As predicted, FD females showed greater scent-marking rates and fecal androgen concentrations than CD females at the rich site. At the lean site, where animal condition was compromised, both measures were comparable across sex and species; scent marking was generally depressed, suggesting deprioritization, but female E. sanfordi showed greater fecal androgen concentrations relative to the rich site, potentially to prioritize androgen-mediated food competition. Our findings suggest ecologically mediated activational effects of androgens on female behavior, with implications for understanding the ancestral evolution of female dominance in lemurs. |
Beyond predation: Impacts of introduced terrestrial mammalian predators on their native counterparts
Madeleine E. Zuercher1, Debra M. Shier1,2, Gregory F. Grether1 et al.(1) University of California; (2) San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance
Beyond predation: Impacts of introduced terrestrial mammalian predators on their native counterpartsMadeleine E. Zuercher1, Debra M. Shier1,2, Gregory F. Grether1 et al.(1) University of California; (2) San Diego Zoo Wildlife AllianceGlobalization and climate change are accelerating biological invasions worldwide. Invasive species, and cats (Felis catus) in particular, are a primary cause of biodiversity declines. While these introduced predators have caused numerous extinctions of prey species, less is understood about the extent of their impacts on native predators. We reviewed studies on introduced predators and their non-consumptive effects on their native counterparts. Many studies have identified patterns of impact, which are often shifts to native predator spatial ecology and diets. Yet, the mechanisms driving these patterns are often unclear. By incorporating behavioral studies into invasion ecology research, we can better understand why and how these patterns develop. We present a case study on the impacts of invasive cats on an insular ringtail (Bassariscus astutus saxicola) population. Using camera traps and a behavioral experiment, we show how cats alter ringtail ecology and identify a behavioral mechanism driving these changes. Uncovering the behavioral processes underlying observed patterns is a key step for evaluating effective management strategies for introduced predators. |
Dynamic focusing through retinal movements in Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spiders
Deniz Korman1, Olivia K. Harris1,2, Jackson S. Michaels3,4, Samuel J. Clark5, Kamel Fezza5, Elke K. Buschbeck1, Emma Alexander3, Nathan I. Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (3) Northwestern University; (4) University of Massachusetts, Amherst; (5) Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory
Dynamic focusing through retinal movements in Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spidersDeniz Korman1, Olivia K. Harris1,2, Jackson S. Michaels3,4, Samuel J. Clark5, Kamel Fezza5, Elke K. Buschbeck1, Emma Alexander3, Nathan I. Morehouse1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) University of Tennessee, Knoxville; (3) Northwestern University; (4) University of Massachusetts, Amherst; (5) Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National LaboratoryProper focusing of visual systems is critical for maximizing spatial information and depth perception. Focusing can provide depth information through a variety of mechanisms across organisms, including the depth-from-defocus (DFD) mechanism proposed to be used by jumping spiders. We explore how retinal movements of Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spiders may affect the focusing properties and DFD of their principal eyes due to dynamic changes to visual morphology and optics. Using x-ray synchrotron imaging of retinal movements in live animals, we find that the principal eyes maintain a constant axial length during retinal swings. However, the corneal lenses exhibit increased optical power at increasingly oblique viewing angles. The result is that the principal eyes are focused near-infinity while looking ahead and gradually focus closer when they look downwards. This form of dynamic focusing might explain how jumping spiders make full use of their exceptional spatial acuity when viewing targets at close distances. Modeling suggests that this focusing capability is also likely to improve the performance of their DFD-based depth estimations for objects viewed below the horizon. |
| 4:15 |
The role of parental care in the development of mating biases for aposematic color in Ranitomeya poison frogs
Olivia S Feagles1, Yusan Yang1 et al.(1) University of South Florida
The role of parental care in the development of mating biases for aposematic color in Ranitomeya poison frogsOlivia S Feagles1, Yusan Yang1 et al.(1) University of South FloridaSexual biases in conspecific interactions fuel the evolution of divergent phenotypes, with sexual imprinting potentially shaping these biases. This has evolutionary implications, for example, assortative mating for color in poison frogs. We characterize color-mediated behaviors in Ranitomeya poison frogs and consider parental care differences (R. imitator: egg guarding and extended biparental care; R. variabilis: egg guarding only). We investigate if divergent color is a mating signal, and if sexual imprinting is a source of divergence. Tadpoles are reared in treatments manipulating exposure to parent color: (1) biological: parents of the same color; (2) cross-fostered: parents of a different color; (3) isolated: hand-reared; (4) cross-bred: biological parents of two colors). At maturity, offspring are assayed for color biases in mate choice and intrasexual competition. We predict R. imitator to sexually imprint, but not R. variabilis. We also predict that R. imitator offspring show color bias for the parent with more interaction. This expands upon sexual imprinting research as the second amphibian study and lends insight into behavioral origins of evolutionary patterns of color. |
Poison Dart Frog Visual Enrichment Preferences and their Effects on Behavior
Jess Diaz1, Kevin D. Kohl1 et al.(1) University of Pittsburgh
Poison Dart Frog Visual Enrichment Preferences and their Effects on BehaviorJess Diaz1, Kevin D. Kohl1 et al.(1) University of PittsburghEfforts to improve husbandry for animals in captivity often focus on environmental enrichment, or the practice of providing stimuli to encourage natural behavior patterns and positive welfare states. However, enrichment often focuses on tactile or dietary enrichment, to the neglect of other potentially important areas such as visual stimuli. The color of animal's enclosure has been shown to affect stress behavior, growth rate, and pigmentation in fish and frogs. Here, we extend previous research to explore whether including complex visual elements, in addition to enclosure color, influences animal stress and behavior. We focus this study on the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio), a species which is highly reliant on visual cues for mate choice and conspecific identification. We specifically test individual preference for visual complexity, and whether short-term housing in environments with different visual complexity affect enclosure use, exploratory behavior, and stress physiology. Understanding how animals respond to visual enrichment is important for ensuring optimal welfare in captivity and also has research implications for lab animal housing. |
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| 4:30 |
Nest placement mediates biparental care and nest success via a detectability–predation trade-off.
Facundo Fernandez-Duque1, Kaela Salehzadeh1, Angelica Groszek1, Jacob Mydlinski1, Angelina Roman-Alcocer1, Alison M. Bell1, Mark E. Hauber2 et al.(1) University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; (2) City University of New York, Graduate Center
Nest placement mediates biparental care and nest success via a detectability–predation trade-off.Facundo Fernandez-Duque1, Kaela Salehzadeh1, Angelica Groszek1, Jacob Mydlinski1, Angelina Roman-Alcocer1, Alison M. Bell1, Mark E. Hauber2 et al.(1) University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; (2) City University of New York, Graduate CenterWe propose the Crib Placement Hypothesis: that a nesting parent can mediate the other parent's investment by choosing a nest location that modulates offspring detectability and the cost–benefit landscape of parental involvement. We tested this by manipulating nest height in red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus (N = 54), across a natural gradient of water depths. Nest height and water depth jointly predicted baseline male, but not female, provisioning. Lowering nests reduced male provisioning (p = 0.046), with one-third of males abandoning care, while females showed no change. The mechanism was acoustic: changes in sound pressure level of begging calls at the canopy, not physical displacement, mediated male behavioral plasticity. Fitness consequences depended on predation context: increasing detectability improved nest survival over land (p = 0.006) but was detrimental over deep water (interaction: p = 0.005). This effect was not mediated by male provisioning (p = 0.51), implicating conspicuousness costs rather than benefits of additional care. Nest-site choice thus functions as a strategic decision shaping the sensory, behavioral, and fitness landscape of biparental care. |
Rewiring mechanisms of the social structure in a guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Adriana A. Maldonado-Chaparro1,3, Ana M. Romero-Chacón1, Manuela Cardona-Restrepo1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, Universidad del Rosario; (2) School of Psychology, Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter; (3) Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
Rewiring mechanisms of the social structure in a guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)Adriana A. Maldonado-Chaparro1,3, Ana M. Romero-Chacón1, Manuela Cardona-Restrepo1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, Universidad del Rosario; (2) School of Psychology, Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter; (3) Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorUnderstanding how social structures respond to disturbances is critical for predicting population resilience, yet mechanisms enabling network reorganization remain poorly understood. We investigated how rewiring mechanisms facilitate social reorganization following disturbances of varying intensity. We experimentally removed one or two individuals from stable guinea pig social groups and quantified social behavioral responses. Using social network analysis, we examined changes in degree, strength, and betweenness centrality following disturbances. Contrary to predictions from fluid societies, disturbance intensity had significant negative effects on unweighted degree, while social impact negatively affected node strength. Betweenness centrality showed no significant response. These findings reveal that fully connected networks exhibit resilience through fundamentally different mechanisms than fluid societies. We propose that weak ties buffer disturbances in saturated networks, preventing cascading disruptions while maintaining connectivity. Our results highlight the importance of considering network topology when predicting social resilience to demographic disturbances. |
Decoupled acoustic, visual, and morphological patterns of variation in Andean siskins under high gene flow
Agustin I. Casale1, Mirna E. Canio2,3, Pablo A. Fracas1, Laura Barone1, Sergio O. Lucero1, Belén Bukowski1, Pablo D. Lavinia2,3, Leonardo Campagna4, Pablo L. Tubaro1, Darío A. Lijtmaer1 et al.(1) Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; (2) Laboratorio de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (InCoBIO), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica; (3) 4CIT Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica; (4) Cornell University
Decoupled acoustic, visual, and morphological patterns of variation in Andean siskins under high gene flowAgustin I. Casale1, Mirna E. Canio2,3, Pablo A. Fracas1, Laura Barone1, Sergio O. Lucero1, Belén Bukowski1, Pablo D. Lavinia2,3, Leonardo Campagna4, Pablo L. Tubaro1, Darío A. Lijtmaer1 et al.(1) Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; (2) Laboratorio de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (InCoBIO), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica; (3) 4CIT Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica; (4) Cornell UniversitySecondary contact can drive phenotypic divergence or convergence. We evaluated acoustic, visual, and morphological traits, alongside genetic patterns in four Andean sympatric siskins (Spinus magellanicus, S. atratus, S. crassirostris, S. uropygialis), together with the allopatric S. magellanicus lowland population. Contrary to our expectations of character displacement, the Andean S. magellanicus population sings similarly to its sympatric species, diverging from the distinct songs of its lowland counterpart. This song similarity among Andean species and the highland population of S. magellanicus aligns with their extensive introgression, suggesting that song is an inefficient prezygotic barrier. In contrast, beak and wing morphology remained distinct among species, as did plumage color, with greater similarity between the lowland and highland S. magellanicus populations than the latter to the other Andean species. Ultimately, while acoustic traits mirror patterns of genetic introgression among sympatric taxa, visual and morphological species-level differences persist despite high gene flow, encouraging future studies to disentangle the mechanisms behind these decoupled patterns. |
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| 4:45 |
Investigating two social learning strategies in embryonic Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)
Abby L Yake1, Jessica L Ward1 et al.(1) Ball State University
Investigating two social learning strategies in embryonic Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)Abby L Yake1, Jessica L Ward1 et al.(1) Ball State UniversityProvided that the gathered information is reliable, evolution should favor the ability of organisms to learn from others in addition to learning first-hand. Past research has demonstrated the benefits of social learning for both juveniles and adults in diverse taxa, but less is known about social learning or the extent to which it occurs during the embryonic stage. This research investigated two social learning strategies in embryonic Pimephales promelas. Previous research has shown that minnow embryos respond to environmental cues as early as 3 days-post-fertilization (dpf), and copy the behavior of others by 4 dpf under conditions of perceived risk. We investigated whether embryos copy the behavior of conspecifics based on age or show conformist copying. In experiment one, 3- and 4-day-old embryos were reared in contact with older (5 day) conspecific eggs, and both activity levels and hatching were observed. In experiment two, we measured the activity levels of focal embryos in groups that varied in the proportion of active individuals. Data collected to date suggests that embryos do not copy the behavior of older conspecifics or follow a conformist copying strategy. |
Tick-Tock! Do Clock Genes Underlie Variation in the Circadian Timing of Cichlid Locomotor Activity?
Chloe E. Hoff1, Niah Holtz1, Evan Lloyd2,3, Alex C. Keene2, R. Craig Albertson1 et al.(1) University of Massachusetts; (2) Texas A&M University; (3) Florida State University
Tick-Tock! Do Clock Genes Underlie Variation in the Circadian Timing of Cichlid Locomotor Activity?Chloe E. Hoff1, Niah Holtz1, Evan Lloyd2,3, Alex C. Keene2, R. Craig Albertson1 et al.(1) University of Massachusetts; (2) Texas A&M University; (3) Florida State UniversityDifferences in circadian rhythm are an important way in which species partition their ecological niches, which in turn is essential in the maintenance of biodiversity. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms that regulate variation of this trait are poorly understood. Here, we made a hybrid cross between a diurnal and a nocturnal cichlid (Astatotilapia calliptera x Tropheops sp. “red cheek”). We reared the resulting F2 population in two social contexts (individual vs group housed), filmed individuals at two distinct developmental stages (juvenile and adult), and quantified activity levels during various times of a 24 hour cycle (day, night, dawn + dusk). Finally, we mapped QTL for total, day, night, and crepuscular activity levels, as well as for the day:night activity ratio. We detect numerous robust QTL, and find that the genetic architectures are distinct between developmental stages and social contexts. Notably, clock genes co-localize to many QTL peaks across all groups. These results highlight the genetic complexity of variation in the circadian timing of locomotor activity and implicate clock genes in modulating these behaviors. |
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| 5:00 |
The Signal Ecology of Anuran Communication Networks in Tropical Forests
Katherine González1,2, Ximena E. Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
The Signal Ecology of Anuran Communication Networks in Tropical ForestsKatherine González1,2, Ximena E. Bernal1,2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteThe vertical heterogeneity of tropical forests can shape both how acoustic signals are transmitted and the risk of exploitation by eavesdropping enemies. Here, we examined how signaling height influences acoustic communication in anurans by experimentally testing signal transmission in a Neotropical frog community. We broadcast the mating calls of 24 species of frogs in the understory and canopy to quantify excess attenuation, degradation, and reverberation. We then focused on two treefrogs (Boana rosenbergi and Scinax boulengeri) that naturally call from different heights to measure the diversity and abundance of eavesdropping flies attracted to their calls at both heights. In all our species, transmission efficiency was lower in the canopy than in the understory, regardless of natural calling height. Although both treefrogs showed higher transmission efficiency in the understory, calls broadcast at this height attracted more flies, suggesting increased eavesdropper risk. This study reveals that vertical microhabitats mediate a tradeoff between signal propagation and eavesdropper attraction, highlighting signaling height as a key ecological factor shaping acoustic communication. |
Nest Entrance Modification in Temnothorax rugatulus is Consistent with a Defensive Role
Stephanie A. Pitterman1, Purbayan Ghosh1, Stephen C. Pratt1 et al.(1) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
Nest Entrance Modification in Temnothorax rugatulus is Consistent with a Defensive Role Stephanie A. Pitterman1, Purbayan Ghosh1, Stephen C. Pratt1 et al.(1) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityAnts thrive in diverse environments by using a range of nest designs, all of which require an entrance. Entrance size affects many functions, including transit, defense, and microclimate regulation. Colonies are expected to make entrances that balance these needs in a way that suits their environment and morphology. Temnothorax rugatulus nests in rock crevices and will readily live in artificial cavities. They prefer entrances smaller than 2 mm and often reduce them further using available materials. Based on this, we hypothesized that the ants size their entrance to maximize defensibility while still allowing free passage for workers. We housed 22 colonies in nests with a 3 mm opening and provided adhesive putty that the ants used to reduce the entrance. We measured the resulting entrance diameters as well as the body width of 10 workers from each colony. All colonies made the entrance large enough to allow passage of one worker but most were too small to permit simultaneous passage of two workers or a queen. This result is consistent with colonies balancing defensibility with efficient transit, such that nests are just large enough to permit passage of one worker ant at a time. |
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| 5:15 |
Exploring fission-fusion dynamics in California quail using RFID tracking
Allison M. Roth1, Praveen Rao1, Vinaya Kumar1 et al.(1) University of Missouri - Columbia
Exploring fission-fusion dynamics in California quail using RFID trackingAllison M. Roth1, Praveen Rao1, Vinaya Kumar1 et al.(1) University of Missouri - ColumbiaExamining the ways in which individuals interact in the wild can help fill crucial gaps in our understanding of the evolutionary implications and selective consequences of animal sociality. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology is being increasingly used in ecology and evolutionary biology to remotely track the movements of individuals that are uniquely marked with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags. The spatiotemporal reads of PIT tagged individuals can be used to infer social interactions between dyads, with individuals who are recorded in the same place and time considered to be associating. This dyadic data can in turn be used to build social networks. We use RFID-PIT technology to track two populations of wild California quail, allowing us to build detailed social networks and study the fission-fusion dynamics of these birds across various timescales. Our research will shed light on the causes and consequences of social interactions in wild California quail. |
5:30 PM – 6:30 PM
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Pavillion
Business Meeting
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Saturday, July 18
7:30 AM – 8:00 AM
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Foyer
Morning Coffee
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8:00 AM – 9:00 AM
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Pavillion
Plenary Session - Eileen Lacey
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| 8:00 |
Social doesn’t describe it: the complexity of group living
Eileen Lacey1(1) University of California, Berkeley
Social doesn’t describe it: the complexity of group livingEileen Lacey1(1) University of California, BerkeleySocial interactions are a fundamental part of the lives of most animals. Even in species in which adults live alone, individuals may engage in a rich suite of interactions associated with territory defense, mating, and parental care. Typically, the tendency to live in groups is viewed as a significant step in the evolution of social complexity, with group living providing the foundation for striking forms of cooperation and conflict not observed in solitary species. Accordingly, considerable research has focused on the causes and consequences of group living. As the number of species under study has grown, so has the diversity of social organizations recognized as group living. Does this wealth of examples help or does more variation make it more challenging to develop general explanations for group living? How different, really, is the behavior of some solitary and group living species? To what extent does group living facilitate other aspects of sociality? Drawing from the literature and from my own studies of burrowing rodents, I will explore our understanding of the wonderful complexity of group living as a central element of animal social behavior. |
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM
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Foyer
Coffee Break
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9:30 AM – 11:30 AM
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Pavillion
Weird Behaviors: You Gotta See This!
Chairs: Jay Stafstrom, Leila Goodrum |
Rookwood
Parental Care
Chairs: Dustin G. Reichard, Claudineia Pereira Costa |
Salon F & G
Living in a Group
Chairs: Michael Reichert, Angela Freeman |
Salon H & I
Mechanisms of Social Behavior
Chairs: Karan J. Odom, William Botta |
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| 9:30 |
Buried Alive: Sand Burial Behaviors of the Round Stingray (Urobatis halleri)
Noah Benasfre1, Benjamin Perlman1 et al.(1) California State University, Long Beach
Buried Alive: Sand Burial Behaviors of the Round Stingray (Urobatis halleri)Noah Benasfre1, Benjamin Perlman1 et al.(1) California State University, Long BeachRound stingrays (Urobatis halleri) are commonly occurring along Southern California’s coastlines in nearshore sandy habitats where humans also frequent throughout the year. In a previous study, we observed that the stingrays buried themselves in what appeared to be a highly controlled behavior to achieve a precise relocation of sand particles to cover their body. We asked how do round stingrays bury themselves in the sand? Two high-speed Edgertronic cameras were used to film the sand burial, a voluntary behavior, of n=8 rays (n=4 males and n=4 females) of various sizes in both the lateral and dorsal views at 250 fps for a duration of 4.5 seconds. Our videos were imported to MATLAB software where we tracked the snout, pectoral fin, and tail motion in 3D for the entire sand burial behavior. Results showed that the sand burial behavior was a highly controlled set of simultaneous movements characterized by the undulation of the pectoral fins, a shovel-like motion of the snout, and oscillation of the tail. The round stingrays displayed a well-coordinated set of motor control systems to bury themselves, most likely for camouflage from predators and potential prey. |
Citizen science reveals parental care evolution in harvestmen
Laís A. Grossel1, Glauco Machado2 et al.(1) Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; (2) LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo
Citizen science reveals parental care evolution in harvestmenLaís A. Grossel1, Glauco Machado2 et al.(1) Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; (2) LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São PauloCitizen-science platforms have become powerful tools for documenting natural history, but their potential for reconstructing behavioral evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we combine field and laboratory records with a systematic survey of iNaturalist observations to investigate the evolution of parental care in Opiliones. We report 85 new records of parental behavior, and together with all published information, they were mapped onto a newly assembled supertree of 165 species spanning nine families. Character mapping revealed that maternal care arises exclusively from ancestors without care, whereas paternal care evolves through two routes—from no care and from maternal care—suggesting distinct selective pressures underlying its repeated origins. Transitions from parental care back to no care are frequent in both sexes, suggesting that alternative egg-protection strategies may compensate for the absence of parental attendance while avoiding the costs of prolonged care. Our findings highlight the remarkable evolutionary lability of parental care in Gonyleptoidea and demonstrate that citizen-science data can substantially accelerate macroevolutionary research. |
From Solitary to Social: How Intragroup Context Alters Cleaning Behavior in Ancylomenes pedersoni
Miya L. Ball1, Eleanor M. Caves1 et al.(1) Brown University
From Solitary to Social: How Intragroup Context Alters Cleaning Behavior in Ancylomenes pedersoniMiya L. Ball1, Eleanor M. Caves1 et al.(1) Brown UniversityCleaner shrimp inhabit coral reefs, where they remove and consume parasites and dead skin from reef fish (clients). The cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni lives on sea anemones in groups of one to nine individuals; observations in nature suggest individuals vary in how frequently they signal to clients to initiate cleaning and perform cleaning behaviors with multiple shrimp often cleaning simultaneously. Most studies, however, have focused on a single, focal shrimp per station, thus excluding group dynamics. This raises the question: how do individual differences and group composition interact to shape cleaning interactions? To address this, I quantified signaling and cleaning behaviors in individuals and tested whether these behaviors change when shrimp are put into groups. I then examined whether individual body size, the group’s mean body size, and the size of the largest individual influenced group behavior. I found that both signaling and cleaning differed between contexts, with most shrimp reducing their activity in groups, and when in a group, the mean body size of a group and the size of the largest individual in a group have important effects on signaling and cleaning. |
Social information does not rescue individuals from choice overload
Todd Freeberg1, Jessie Tanner1, Claire Hemingway1,2 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Social information does not rescue individuals from choice overloadTodd Freeberg1, Jessie Tanner1, Claire Hemingway1,2 et al.(1) University of Tennessee; (2) Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteWhen humans choose from too many options, we can experience choice overload, a phenomenon in which individuals often make sub-optimal decisions. Decisions made under choice overload include changes in option selection and longer decision latencies. Social information often improves decision-making under uncertainty, particularly in gregarious species. Here, we tested whether social information buffers individuals against choice overload using Argentinian wood cockroaches (Blaptica dubia). We manipulated social conditions both prior to and during behavioral testing and presented individuals with sets of 2, 4, and 8 shelters that differed in light levels. Individuals showed evidence of choice overload, spending less time under their preferred, darker shelters as the number of options increased. Individuals were less likely to choose the darker shelter first and switched shelters more as the number of options increased. Crucially, we found minimal effects of testing in groups. Despite cockroaches’ gregariousness and use of social cues when selecting shelters, social information did not mitigate the cognitive costs of larger choice sets here. |
| 9:45 |
Uncovering the ‘baffling’ diversity of a tool-use behaviour in tree crickets
Ashlesh Pattanaik1,2, Taylor McClain3, Jessie C. Tanner1,2,4 et al.(1) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (3) Department of Plant Science, University of Tennessee; (4) Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Tennessee
Uncovering the ‘baffling’ diversity of a tool-use behaviour in tree cricketsAshlesh Pattanaik1,2, Taylor McClain3, Jessie C. Tanner1,2,4 et al.(1) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; (2) Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee; (3) Department of Plant Science, University of Tennessee; (4) Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of TennesseeTool use is associated with potential evolutionary advantages, yet it is relatively rare in insects. To understand the evolution of tool use, it is important to quantify its variation across taxa. Tree crickets make ‘baffles’ with leaves, a tool-use behaviour that increases their calling efficiency. Baffling is categorised into different types based on leaf use and complexity – calling from leaf edge, leaf notch, between two leaves, and self-made holes. Although baffling is shown to be rare within a species, the extent of its variation between species is still unknown. We hypothesise that simpler baffling types should be more widespread than complex, more efficient ones. Using community science, we documented the diversity of baffling in North American tree crickets. We found that the overall prevalence of baffling types decreases from leaf edge to leaf holes. Some species showed more baffling types, while others had one type. Such within- and between-species variation is useful in investigating the plasticity and evolution of baffling across species. Understanding the drivers of variation in novel tool-use traits could potentially explain the role of adaptation in trait evolution. |
Maternal behavior in wild moor macaques (Macaca maura). Do mothers invest differently in daughters and sons?
Mariano Lara1(1) Universidad de Girona
Maternal behavior in wild moor macaques (Macaca maura). Do mothers invest differently in daughters and sons? Mariano Lara1(1) Universidad de GironaMaternal behavior was evaluated in 10 female moor macaques (Macaca maura) from a habituated wild group in the Bontobahari forest reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using 10-minute focal observations, we examined whether mothers invested differentially according to offspring sex. Given the female philopatry characteristic of this species, we predicted greater affiliative behavior toward daughters and increased agonism toward sons. Maternal behavior was classified following tolerance levels described for the genus Macaca. Results indicated high maternal tolerance and predominantly affiliative interactions toward offspring of both sexes. No maternal agonistic behaviors were recorded toward males, either toward their own offspring or those of other females. These findings suggest an absence of sex-biased maternal investment in this population. |
Comparing social structure across monk parakeet groups with different early life experiences
V Darby Moore1, Madeleine R Ball2, Elizabeth A Hobson1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) Kansas State University
Comparing social structure across monk parakeet groups with different early life experiencesV Darby Moore1, Madeleine R Ball2, Elizabeth A Hobson1 et al.(1) University of Cincinnati; (2) Kansas State UniversityFor highly social species such as parrots, normal social behavior is essential for survival and reproduction. However, the extent to which social behaviors are learned during early life remains unclear. Limited parental contact early in life may alter social structure if individuals learn social behavior from their parents. We compared social conflict and partnership formation among three groups of captive monk parakeets: (1) hand-raised juveniles (no adult contact), (2) parent-raised juveniles (reared in a large social group), and (3) wild-caught adults. Social interactions were recorded throughout observation periods. If social behavior is learned, parent-raised juveniles should form social structures similar to adults, while hand-raised juveniles should differ. Our results show that dominance structures were consistent across groups, but affiliative social structures differed. Hand-raised birds shared physical contact with more partners on average than parent-raised birds, and both juvenile groups shared contact with more partners than adults. These results may have implications for conservation as hand-rearing is a common tool in rehabilitation and reintroduction of parrots. |
Investigation of Social Preferences in Zebra Finches: The Role of Internal State and Social Context
Mary R Elson1, Rosie K Hsu1, Alexander G Ophir1, Nora H Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell University
Investigation of Social Preferences in Zebra Finches: The Role of Internal State and Social ContextMary R Elson1, Rosie K Hsu1, Alexander G Ophir1, Nora H Prior1 et al.(1) Cornell UniversityFor songbirds, traditional views of courtship emphasize the importance of female preferences for male song. Most research examines which elements of male song females prefer. However, for many species, courtship is interactionally complex, dynamic, and emergent. Here we present key findings from two studies in zebra finches that place female song preferences within a broader interactional context. In the first study, we found that a female’s most preferred song (assessed via song playback) did not match her most preferred male (assessed via live interactions). Next, we found that song habituation caused females to change their preferences differently depending on whether they were habituated to their most or least preferred song. In our second study, we altered female internal state (via pharmacological manipulation of D2 receptors). We found that preferences were impacted depending on whether pharmacological treatment was paired with a female’s most or least preferred male. Combined, the results of these two studies highlight that female engagement with potential mates is significantly affected by her prior experience, social context, and internal state. |
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Climatic variation shapes the expression of worthless nuptial gifts in spiders
Manuelita Mendez1,2, Leila Almanza1,2, Fatima Gonzalez2, Leonardo Ricioli3, Bruno A. Buzatto4, Facundo M. Labarque3, Maria J. Albo2,5 et al.(1) Program for the Development of Basic Sciences (PEDECIBA); (2) Entomology Section, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic; (3) Arachnid Systematics Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos; (4) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University; (5) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Clemente Estable Institute of Biological Research, MEC
Climatic variation shapes the expression of worthless nuptial gifts in spidersManuelita Mendez1,2, Leila Almanza1,2, Fatima Gonzalez2, Leonardo Ricioli3, Bruno A. Buzatto4, Facundo M. Labarque3, Maria J. Albo2,5 et al.(1) Program for the Development of Basic Sciences (PEDECIBA); (2) Entomology Section, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic; (3) Arachnid Systematics Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos; (4) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University; (5) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Clemente Estable Institute of Biological Research, MECClimatic variation can alter the cost-benefit balance of sexual selection, promotingdivergence between populations. In gift-giving spiders, males exhibit behavioral plasticity, offering either nutritive (fresh prey) or worthless gifts (inedible items). It has been proposed that female choice is limited in changing environments, facilitating the spreading of worthless gifts. Here, we investigated how environmental variability influences the trait expression in two Neotropical species from different genera. We combined field sampling and laboratory experiments to quantify variation in gift content and their reproductive success across populations exposed to different environmental conditions, particularly considering precipitation variation. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. We found that the proportion of worthless gifts increases under harsher variable conditions, with a positive relationship with precipitation variation for both species. Ongoing analyses test whether mating duration mediates females’ responses to gift types. These findings showcase that environmental variability can shape sexually selected traits and promote deceptive strategies. |
3D-Printed Rodents Of Unusual Size Reveal Nest Defense Strategies Of A Cavity-Nesting Songbird
Dustin G Reichard1, Ava E Swanson1, Avery M Panozzo1, Cody M Kent2 et al.(1) Ohio Wesleyan University; (2) Luther College
3D-Printed Rodents Of Unusual Size Reveal Nest Defense Strategies Of A Cavity-Nesting SongbirdDustin G Reichard1, Ava E Swanson1, Avery M Panozzo1, Cody M Kent2 et al.(1) Ohio Wesleyan University; (2) Luther CollegeDiverse predator guilds pose a myriad of threats to prey. Selection should favor individuals that differentiate between predator types, assess risk, and modulate their responses relative to the threat. We tested whether northern house wren parents use predator size as a cue for assessing risk and determining their nest defense. We 3D printed life-sized models of eastern chipmunks (control; 1:1), a common nest predator, along with smaller (0.5:1) and larger (2:1) versions before painting the models identically. We placed each model on top of wren nest boxes on consecutive days during the nestling stage and measured the parent’s antipredator behavior. Both sexes responded more aggressively to the smaller models as evidenced by more hits and closer approaches as model size decreased. Males were more aggressive than females, with males being particularly aggressive towards the smallest model. These results are consistent with parental investment theory as parents responded most aggressively to the smaller predators that posed the greatest risk to their young inside the nest box. Predator size appears to be a salient cue for modulating antipredator behavior in northern house wrens. |
The effects of group density, size, and composition on Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) behavior
Brittany A. Coppinger1,2(1) Michigan State University; (2) University of Tennessee, Knoxville
The effects of group density, size, and composition on Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) behaviorBrittany A. Coppinger1,2(1) Michigan State University; (2) University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleClimate change and habitat fragmentation can alter the density of animal groups. Group density, composition, and size are hypothesized to impact individual behavior and social group complexity. I explicitly tested the impact of these variables on behavior of Carolina chickadees. I created experimental flocks that varied in their size (2 or 4 birds) and composition (monospecific or mixed-species with tufted titmice). I kept flocks in semi-natural outdoor aviaries for behavioral observation. I manipulated group density by allowing flocks either full (lower density) or partial (higher density) access to the aviary. I recorded the rates of chickadee activity, calling, and affiliative social behavior, measured by close proximity. Birds were least active in low density, mixed-species flocks. Birds called less in large flocks; calling was not influenced by composition or density. Density interacted with group size and composition to influence social behavior. Increases in group density alter key behaviors related to survival and reproduction. Group density is important to consider in studies of social behavior and in environments that are increasingly subject to habitat fragmentation. |
Does calling in chickadees and titmice represent a personality-like behavior?
Heather JB Brooks1,2(1) University of Colorado Boulder; (2) University of Tennessee Knoxville
Does calling in chickadees and titmice represent a personality-like behavior? Heather JB Brooks1,2(1) University of Colorado Boulder; (2) University of Tennessee KnoxvilleAnimals often demonstrate consistency in their behavioral phenotypes. Researchers study these phenomena through behavioral syndromes and animal personality. Animal communication encompasses topics such as predator avoidance, mate attraction, and sociality, but the integration between communication and animal personality is lacking. I examined calling behavior (call rate) in tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor) and Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) by recording the calls of known individuals daily. I conducted two experiments, 1) keeping social groups stable and 2) manipulating the social environment mid-experiment. I used repeatability analyses in R to examine whether birds were consistent in their calling behavior. I ran an ANOVA to explore whether calling differed between species and social conditions. Individuals were repeatable in their calling behavior. Titmice called more than chickadees, and social condition did not affect calling behavior. These results indicate that some birds consistently called more than others, regardless of social condition. This has implications for ecological topics like information transmission and conspicuousness for predator avoidance. |
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Ladies’ choice: characterizing a novel female signal in Enchenopa treehoppers
Leila M. Goodrum1, Drew W. Little1, Rafael L. Rodríguez1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Ladies’ choice: characterizing a novel female signal in Enchenopa treehoppers Leila M. Goodrum1, Drew W. Little1, Rafael L. Rodríguez1 et al.(1) University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMate choice is a critical aspect of many animal mating systems. A recent hypothesis posits that mate choice selects not only for particular signal features, but also for "courteous" behavior that fosters agency in the performance of mate choice. We are testing this hypothesis with Enchenopa treehoppers—insects that communicate with plant-borne vibrational signals. Enchenopa males produce advertisement signals, and females decide whether to signal back to establish a duet while the male finds and mounts her. Recently, we discovered an additional stage of female choice in Enchenopa: during mounted duetting, females may produce a novel signal type we have dubbed the “advancing signal,” which appears to indicate to the male that he may attempt genitalic coupling. We have not observed males attempt coupling before females produce this signal. This represents a rare level of courteousness that may provide insight into the evolution of mate choice. Here we characterize the quantitative features of the Enchenopa female advancing signal, comparing its features to the duetting signal. |
Adult California quail are more likely to exhibit defensive rushing behavior when chicks are younger Alex Sidare1, Natalia Valdés Heredia2, Jennifer M. Gee3, David Jerome4, Alison M. Roth1 et al.(1) University of Missouri - Columbia; (2) Hastings Natural History Reservation; (3) Prescott College; (4) N/A
Adult California quail are more likely to exhibit defensive rushing behavior when chicks are younger Alex Sidare1, Natalia Valdés Heredia2, Jennifer M. Gee3, David Jerome4, Alison M. Roth1 et al.(1) University of Missouri - Columbia; (2) Hastings Natural History Reservation; (3) Prescott College; (4) N/AParental defense is a costly behavior which forces individuals to balance the tradeoff between current and future reproduction. Past work has shown that offspring age and number can affect the occurrence and intensity of defense. Some hypotheses predict an increase in defense with chick age and/or number while others suggest the opposite. California quail exhibit biparental care, and previous reports suggest that adults defend chicks against squirrel predators. Although previously not described in detail, this defense appears to include a fixed sequence of behavioral events, and we term this behavior “defensive rushing”. Using 262 videos, we assessed if mean chick age and number predicted the occurrence, intensity, and duration of defensive rushing. We hypothesized that occurrence, intensity, and duration would decrease with chick age but had no directional hypotheses regarding chick number. We found quail were more likely to rush when chicks were younger. Intensity and duration were not predicted by chick age or number. Our results suggest that parental defense is adjusted according to offspring vulnerability in California quail, with younger chicks eliciting stronger responses. |
Social connections, group size and social stability affect foraging in mixed songbird flocks
Michael S Reichert1,2, Josh A Firth3,4, Camille Troisi2,5, John L Quinn2 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Oklahoma State University; (2) School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork; (3) Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford; (4) Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds; (5) Ethologie animale et humaine, Université de Rennes
Social connections, group size and social stability affect foraging in mixed songbird flocksMichael S Reichert1,2, Josh A Firth3,4, Camille Troisi2,5, John L Quinn2 et al.(1) Department of Biology, Oklahoma State University; (2) School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork; (3) Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford; (4) Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds; (5) Ethologie animale et humaine, Université de RennesThe social environment provides both opportunities and challenges for foragers. We tested whether production learning, scrounging, and foraging rate are associated with individual social network metrics and manipulated social stability in mixed species flocks of wild birds. Individuals were randomly allowed access to, and learned to forage primarily from, one of five feeders. Thereafter, we performed two reversals, manipulating social connections by either assigning birds to a new feeder along with all others assigned to their previous feeder (stable treatment) or reassigning each bird individually (unstable treatment). Most of the effects observed were context dependent. We found that: i) Learning was slower in the stable treatment, for individuals with higher weighted degree, and in smaller flocks; ii) Scrounging was higher in the stable treatment, increased with weighted degree, but decreased with flock size; and iii) Foraging rate was predicted only by weighted degree. Our findings demonstrate the complex and dynamic nature of the relationship between sociality and foraging and suggest that selection for group living is more nuanced than usually recognized. |
Testing the endocrine mechanisms that regulate female song using steroid hormone implants
Karan Odom1,2, Rohith Srinivasan1, Gregory Ball2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific; (2) Department of Psychology
Testing the endocrine mechanisms that regulate female song using steroid hormone implantsKaran Odom1,2, Rohith Srinivasan1, Gregory Ball2 et al.(1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific; (2) Department of PsychologyIn temperate-breeding male songbirds, singing peaks early in the breeding season and is associated with increased circulating testosterone. In many species, females also sing but typically with much lower circulating testosterone, suggesting that alternative endocrine pathways may regulate female song. We hypothesize that estradiol (E2) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling contribute to the regulation of female song. Estradiol is a metabolite that binds to estrogen receptors, while dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is an androgenic metabolite of testosterone. To test whether estradiol and/or androgen receptor signaling regulates female song, we experimentally elevated hormone concentrations in female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) using beeswax implants containing E2, DHT, or testosterone. We quantified song rates before and after implantation. House wrens are ideal for this study because females produce complex songs early in the breeding season. Our results demonstrate whether estrogenic vs androgenic signaling, or their interaction regulates, female song in a wild-breeding temperate songbird with female song. |
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Animal-borne biologgers reveal importance of aerial capture of flying fish by red-footed boobies.
Abigail Schiffmiller1, Hillary S Young2, Scott A Shaffer3, Greg A Breed1 et al.(1) University of Alaska Fairbanks; (2) University of California Santa Barbara; (3) San Jose State University
Animal-borne biologgers reveal importance of aerial capture of flying fish by red-footed boobies.Abigail Schiffmiller1, Hillary S Young2, Scott A Shaffer3, Greg A Breed1 et al.(1) University of Alaska Fairbanks; (2) University of California Santa Barbara; (3) San Jose State UniversityTriaxial accelerometers collect fine-scale behavior data in free living species, including seabirds. However, to identify the unique accelerometry signatures of various behaviors, simultaneous observation by another method is necessary. Here, we paired animal-borne video and accelerometry data to show that aerial prey capture attempts (hawking) account for a far greater proportion (~20%) of a plunge-diving seabird’s (red footed boobies; Sula sula) foraging effort than previously known. The contribution of this tactic has been missed by previous accelerometry-based studies of red footed boobies (and possibly other seabirds) as its signature has not previously been identified. Accelerometry-derived energetic costs of hawking attempts indicate this tactic is far less energetically expensive than plunge dives, as takeoffs after plunging are costly. Consequently, hawking has a disproportionate effect on the foraging efficiency of red footed boobies. Importantly, this foraging tactic is only possible when marine-predators (i.e. tuna) elicit the evasive flight response of flying fish and squid, and thus this facilitation interaction may be key to efficient tropical seabird foraging. |
Coordinated dual foraging increases chick growth rate in Manx shearwaters
Bridget Harrington1, Tim Guilford2 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) Oxford University
Coordinated dual foraging increases chick growth rate in Manx shearwatersBridget Harrington1, Tim Guilford2 et al.(1) Princeton University; (2) Oxford UniversityTo secure residual reproductive success, long-lived species must balance investment between reproduction and survival. For pelagic seabirds, one of the greatest costs of reproduction is foraging, as they must return to the colony regularly to feed their chick. To balance this cost with survival, many seabirds adopt a dual foraging strategy, alternating between long trips for self-maintenance, and short trips for chick provisioning. This divergence in trip length and function has been documented across numerous studies, yet few have examined the potential role of partner coordination. We hypothesise that coordination is important, allowing partners to adjust the timing of their trips with respect to the other. This reduces the likelihood that partners perform long trips simultaneously, leaving the chick without food for extended periods, and ensures more consistent food delivery. We tested for partner coordination in 11 pairs of Manx shearwaters and examined how coordination related to chick growth rates and adult condition. We found that partners do coordinate their trips, and that higher levels of coordination are associated with increased chick growth rates. |
Group membership changes affected the rise and fall of dominance rank in bobwhite quail
Mia Wang1, Ashley Staab2, Elizabeth A. Hobson2 et al.(1) Colorado State University; (2) University of Cincinnati
Group membership changes affected the rise and fall of dominance rank in bobwhite quail Mia Wang1, Ashley Staab2, Elizabeth A. Hobson2 et al.(1) Colorado State University; (2) University of CincinnatiSocial species often organize their groups into dominance hierarchies, where rank can provide many benefits. Measuring the robustness of hierarchies provides key insights into how species may react to stressors, like changes in group membership. We experimented with social hierarchies of captive male Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) to test how groups responded to the removal and reintroduction of a top-ranked bird. We used 4 replicate 8-bird groups in 5-day perturbation experiments to quantify how rank developed, changed during removals, and was reestablished following reintroduction. Groups quickly formed dominance hierarchies within the first hour of novel group formation. Following removal of the top-ranked bird, all groups were able to recover; newly dominant birds had aggression statistically indistinguishable from the previous bird. However, when the original top-ranked bird was reintroduced after a 2-day absence, it was able to quickly reassume its previous rank in 75% of our groups. These results differ from previous work in other social birds like Monk Parakeets, adding to a working body of knowledge investigating social change in dominance hierarchies. |
The dance between hormones and behavior: social interactions in a neotropical lizard
Stefania P. R Ventura1, Paulo Enrique C. Peixoto2, José Eduardo de Carvalo3, Conrado A. B. Galdino4, Fernando R. Gomes1 et al.(1) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; (2) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; (3) Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Campus Diadema; (4) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais
The dance between hormones and behavior: social interactions in a neotropical lizardStefania P. R Ventura1, Paulo Enrique C. Peixoto2, José Eduardo de Carvalo3, Conrado A. B. Galdino4, Fernando R. Gomes1 et al.(1) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; (2) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; (3) Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Campus Diadema; (4) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas GeraisAnti-predator behaviors, such as escape, involve trade-offs between avoiding predation and costs like energy expenditure, reduced foraging, and lost reproductive opportunities. These costs can be particularly high for territorial males, who may resist fleeing to protect territories and mating opportunities. However, the mechanisms explaining this relationship remain poorly understood. Agonistic interactions trigger glucocorticoid (corticosterone, CORT) release, a hormone that regulates stress and can increase aggressiveness and risk-taking. Using the lizard Eurolophosaurus nanuzae, we tested two hypotheses: (i) whether social stress from agonistic interactions increases CORT secretion and (ii) whether elevated CORT levels induce males to accept greater predation risk during a predation event. We measured CORT after agonistic interactions and manipulated CORT levels before simulated predation. Males involved in agonistic interactions had higher CORT, and individuals with elevated CORT were more resistant to escaping, though refuge use did not change. These results suggest that CORT mediates escape decisions, emphasizing the role of physiology in behaviors critical to fitness. |
| 10:45 |
Bats That Forage Like Lions: Small Predators Hunt Large Prey with Surprising Efficiency
Rachel A. Page1, Peter T. Madsen2, Sebastian A. Mortensen2, Gregg Cohen1, Laura Stidsholt2, A. Leonie Baier1,3 et al.(1) Center for Animal Behavior, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (2) Center for Active Sensing with Sound, Department of Biology; (3) Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Bats That Forage Like Lions: Small Predators Hunt Large Prey with Surprising EfficiencyRachel A. Page1, Peter T. Madsen2, Sebastian A. Mortensen2, Gregg Cohen1, Laura Stidsholt2, A. Leonie Baier1,3 et al.(1) Center for Animal Behavior, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; (2) Center for Active Sensing with Sound, Department of Biology; (3) Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLarge-bodied predators, such as lions and polar bears, hunt large prey with prolonged searches, energetic chases, and low success rates. Most of the >1500 bat species worldwide are insectivorous, hunting small, abundant insects with low energetic costs and high success rates. True carnivory, in which >50% of energetic demand is met with vertebrate prey, has evolved just nine times in bats. How do small carnivorous predators, with high metabolic rates and small energy stores, utilize a strategy that in large Carnivora is characterized by low success rates and high energetic costs? We fitted fringe-lipped bats (Trachops cirrhosus) with biologgers and monitored hunting behavior in the Panama rainforest. Bats spent only a fraction of their time in flight (median 11%, quartiles 7–14%), complementing short search and pursuit times with high success rates (median 50%, quartiles 35–62%). Median estimated prey size corresponded to ~7% of bat’s body mass; long mastication times indicated that bats also consume prey approaching their body size. This unusual low-risk/high-gain strategy likely relies on high prey densities and raises concerns for the Anthropocene fate of these small predators. |
Disentangling the roles of neural and peripheral androgen signaling in paternal care in birds
Josephina H Fornara1, David M Duffey2, Kimberly A Rosvall1 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) Ohio State University
Disentangling the roles of neural and peripheral androgen signaling in paternal care in birdsJosephina H Fornara1, David M Duffey2, Kimberly A Rosvall1 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) Ohio State UniversityAndrogens play an important role in regulating suites of traits, from reproductive physiology to parental behavior. Androgens do this by binding to androgen receptors (ARs) in neural and peripheral tissues. However, it remains unclear how independent versus coordinated androgenic signaling across tissues shapes the phenotype. Here, we used pharmacological agents to strategically block ARs in free-living male tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) during the chick-rearing period, when males regularly provision offspring. We accomplished this using subcutaneous implants containing either flutamide (FLUT), which blocks ARs throughout the brain and body, or bicalutamide (BICAL), which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and thus acts on ARs in the periphery but not the brain. We then measured the effect of each treatment on paternal provisioning rate. FLUT males increased their provisioning effort more than BICAL or placebo males after implantation, suggesting that androgen signaling in the brain may be particularly important for shaping paternal care in this species. |
Let’s Be Friends: The Southern Flying Squirrel as a New Model Species For Social Behavior
Angela Freeman1, Kelly Mitzel1,2, Katie Ekholm1 et al.(1) Salisbury University; (2) Princeton University
Let’s Be Friends: The Southern Flying Squirrel as a New Model Species For Social BehaviorAngela Freeman1, Kelly Mitzel1,2, Katie Ekholm1 et al.(1) Salisbury University; (2) Princeton UniversityThe southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) is a small, nocturnal, arboreal mammal native to the eastern parts of North America. Known for its patagium which allows the squirrel to glide from tree to tree, this species has a lesser-known feature of forming “friendships” (selective, affiliative relationships) with other conspecifics. Throughout the year, southern flying squirrels can be found huddling together in shared nest sites in groups of up to 50 members. This presentation focuses on the factors that affect this huddling behavior (e.g., kinship, familiarity, sex, endocrinology, environmental factors) and highlights the fun (and frustrations) of working with a ‘new model’ for social behavior. |
Sickness Behavior in Prairie Vole Peer Relationships
Georgia Young1, Gautam Naik1,2, Annaliese Beery1,2 et al.(1) UC Berkeley Integrative Biology Department; (2) UC Berkeley Neuroscience Department
Sickness Behavior in Prairie Vole Peer RelationshipsGeorgia Young1, Gautam Naik1,2, Annaliese Beery1,2 et al.(1) UC Berkeley Integrative Biology Department; (2) UC Berkeley Neuroscience DepartmentChanges in behavior when sick are described in every species in which they have been studied, from bees to primates. In social species, changes in behavior often effect social behavior. Affiliative social behavior over a lifetime has clear effects on health and longevity: animals with stronger or more numerous social ties show decreased wound healing time, decreased risk of cardiovascular events, and increased lifespan. However, acute mechanisms supporting effects of social behavior on disease are unclear. Here, I characterize effects of acute immune challenge on social seeking and social support in the prairie vole, a non-traditional rodent model that forms dyadic relationships akin to human friendships. First, I describe social seeking behavior in sick individuals and consolation of a sick individual by their healthy partner. Second, I examine roles of central oxytocin release in sickness behavior and impacts of immune challenge on oxytocin receptor density. Finally, I will present data on social housing and cytokine release. These results extend current understanding of sickness behaviors to include dyadic peer relationships, an important foundation of social behavior. |
| 11:00 |
Diurnal Foraging in a Nocturnal Predator, the Ogre-faced Spider
Jay A. Stafstrom1, Eileen A. Hebets2, Ronald R. Hoy3 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) University of Nebraska; (3) Cornell University
Diurnal Foraging in a Nocturnal Predator, the Ogre-faced SpiderJay A. Stafstrom1, Eileen A. Hebets2, Ronald R. Hoy3 et al.(1) Indiana University; (2) University of Nebraska; (3) Cornell UniversityThe enhancement of a sensory system to perform well in a specific niche may come at the cost of performance in other niches. For example, nocturnal animals with visual systems adapted for dim light environments may struggle to perform well in bright day light. A textbook example of this is the ogre-faced spider (Asianopis subrufa), a nocturnal predator with the largest eyes of any spider, where early studies first describe their retinas being destroyed at sunrise, only to be resynthesized every night. Unsurprisingly, the ogre-faced spider has been a posterchild for visually mediated nocturnal behavior. Here, contrary to foundational work, we show present-day A. subrufua are facultatively diurnal in foraging behavior. Here, we show the effects of diet and lighting environment on the propensity for A. subrufa to forage during the day. Next, we compare physiological and behavioral thresholds of predatory behavior between diurnally and nocturnally active spiders. Taken together, we present a foundational understanding of the causes and consequences of this shift away from strict nocturnality to facultatively diurnal behavior and sensory ecology. |
The effect of deficiencies in nutrient stores on diet intake and brood provisioning ability in honey bees
Anastasia A. Weger1, Clare C. Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of Kentucky
The effect of deficiencies in nutrient stores on diet intake and brood provisioning ability in honey beesAnastasia A. Weger1, Clare C. Rittschof1 et al.(1) University of KentuckyEarly-life nutrition is critical for adult fitness. When caregivers are involved, adequate nutrition is influenced by their ability to provide correct nutrient quantities. In the honey bee Apis mellifera, young adult workers (nurses) consume pollen and develop large lipid stores to synthesize nutritional secretions for larvae. When colony stress leads to the loss of the young adult population (e.g., re-queening or disease), older workers specialized to forage may “revert” to nursing. Foragers consume a high-sugar diet and lose the ability to digest pollen and grow large lipid stores. “Reverted nurses” do not regain their lipids, which can limit their brood provisioning ability. We hypothesize that reverted nurses consume a distinct hybrid diet to compensate for their physiological limitations (more lipids and sugars and less protein compared to typical nurses). To test dietary intake targets, we kept typical and reverted nurses and typical foragers in cages for 7 days with diets containing different quantities of protein, lipids, and sugars. This is an important first step in investigating how honey bees compensate for physiological incompatibilities with their behavioral role |
Signal Amplification Over a Long-Distance Communication Network Enables Collective Action in Hyenas
Eli Strauss1,2,4,5, Frants Jensen2,3, Jana Woerner1,2,4,5, Andrew Gersick2,7, Matthew Hyer3, Mark Johnson8, Marsden Onsare6, Malit Pioon4, Kay Holekamp1,4, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin2,5 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, Michigan State University; (2) Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies,Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (3) Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University; (4) Mara Hyena Project; (5) Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Biology Department, University of Konstanz; (6) University of Nairobi; (7) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University; (8) Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University
Signal Amplification Over a Long-Distance Communication Network Enables Collective Action in Hyenas Eli Strauss1,2,4,5, Frants Jensen2,3, Jana Woerner1,2,4,5, Andrew Gersick2,7, Matthew Hyer3, Mark Johnson8, Marsden Onsare6, Malit Pioon4, Kay Holekamp1,4, Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin2,5 et al.(1) Department of Integrative Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, Michigan State University; (2) Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies,Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; (3) Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University; (4) Mara Hyena Project; (5) Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Biology Department, University of Konstanz; (6) University of Nairobi; (7) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University; (8) Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus UniversityLong-distance vocalizations have the potential to facilitate collective action by forging links between dispersed group members, forming a dynamic communication network over which information can be transmitted, propagated, and acted upon. To study this phenomenon, we tracked a group of spotted hyenas in the Kenya using sound, movement and GPS tags attached to 19 individuals. We used a convolutional neural network to detect long-range recruitment (whoop) calls and identified calls from the tagged individual through throat vibrations detected by accelerometers. Our data show that whoops can recruit conspecifics over distances of up to 4-5 km. Some receivers respond with whoops of their own, resulting in amplification of the original signal. The more calls an individual hears, the more likely they are to respond both by moving toward the source and by whooping, resulting in positive feedback and a greater number of group mates recruited for collective action. Our findings demonstrate how amplification-driven signaling cascades can enable rapid coordination over large spatial scales, revealing how apparently dispersed groups remain functionally connected. |
How does mental state impact mass behavior in larval zebrafish?
William J Botta1, Bansari Mistry1, Kristen E Severi1, Simon Garnier1 et al.(1) New Jersey Institute of Technology
How does mental state impact mass behavior in larval zebrafish?William J Botta1, Bansari Mistry1, Kristen E Severi1, Simon Garnier1 et al.(1) New Jersey Institute of TechnologyMass behavior, the rapid adoption of similar behavior by individuals within a group, is a common strategy for behavioral coordination in many species such as schooling fish and flocking birds. Mental states can influence an animal’s response to its social environment, with previous studies suggesting animals may use conspecifics’ mental states to determine their own behavior. Our previous work has suggested that zebrafish larvae in conditions that induce anxiety-like behavior, such as darkness and high density, exhibit more spontaneous mass swimming behavior. Therefore we hypothesized that anxiety may be a driver of this spontaneous behavior. We tested the impact of different pharmaceutically-induced mental states on this mass swimming behavior while in dense groups. Optimal doses of caffeine and fluoxetine were experimentally determined in order to induce anxiety-like or calm behavior respectively in individual larvae. These doses were then administered to groups of larvae to examine the effects of anxiety on mass swimming behavior. Surprisingly, caffeine reduced the occurrence of mass swimming behavior. |
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Identifying Bottlenose Dolphins (T. erebennus) Performing Novel Shipside Feeding in South Carolina
Marie Taylor1, Christina Deaver1, Meghan Weinpress-Galipeau2, Patricia Fair2,3, Hannah Bouchillon2, Jessica Cusick1 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) South Carolina Aquarium; (3) Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
Identifying Bottlenose Dolphins (T. erebennus) Performing Novel Shipside Feeding in South CarolinaMarie Taylor1, Christina Deaver1, Meghan Weinpress-Galipeau2, Patricia Fair2,3, Hannah Bouchillon2, Jessica Cusick1 et al.(1) Utah Valley University; (2) South Carolina Aquarium; (3) Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaSocial learning can occur via vertical (parent to offspring), horizontal (within a generation), or oblique (unrelated age classes) transmission. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) develop habitat-specific foraging strategies via social learning (e.g., crater feeding in the Bahamas or strand feeding in South Carolina). Recently, novel shipside feeding behavior was observed in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina: dolphins capture fish against the sides of anchored commercial vessels. Documentation of this behavior is increasing, but who is performing it and how it is transmitted remains unclear. We conducted three five-day boat-based surveys at five shipping terminals in March 2024, March 2025, and August 2025. Our vessel traveled along docked container ships to record feeding, photograph dolphins, and collect abiotic data. Dorsal fin photographs were analyzed using a modified Darwin4 protocol to identify individuals. We identified 20 unique dolphins performing shipside feeding; many exhibited the behavior multiple times. Juveniles were also observed feeding alongside adults. Our data suggest vertical and horizontal transmission may facilitate the spread of this novel behavior. |
Metabolic Resilience to Starvation Is Shaped by Early-Life Maternal Care in Bumble Bees
Claudineia Pereira Costa1,2, S Hollis Woodard2 et al.(1) Biology Department, Indiana University; (2) Entomology Department, University of California
Metabolic Resilience to Starvation Is Shaped by Early-Life Maternal Care in Bumble BeesClaudineia Pereira Costa1,2, S Hollis Woodard2 et al.(1) Biology Department, Indiana University; (2) Entomology Department, University of CaliforniaEusocial insects such as bumble bees depend on both maternal and alloparental care, yet the lasting effects of these early social environments on adult physiology remain poorly understood. Using Bombus impatiens, we tested how developmental care by queens versus sibling workers shapes starvation resistance in adult workers. Bees were reared under three caregiving conditions: a queen, one worker, or five workers. As adults, they were exposed to starvation, and we measured blood sugar concentrations and metabolic reserves. Although the number of caregivers influenced body size, starvation resistance was associated with maternal care. Queen-reared bees showed greater metabolic flexibility, maintaining stable blood sugar levels and shifting more efficiently to alternative energy sources during starvation. By contrast, worker-reared bees displayed reduced metabolic adaptability. Metabolic rate and blood sugar levels did not differ under non-starved conditions, indicating that maternal care enhances resilience to nutritional stress rather than baseline metabolism. Together, these results demonstrate that maternal care during development promotes adult metabolic resilience in bumble bees. |
11:00 AM – 1:00 PM
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Cincinnati Museum Center
Outreach Fair
The Outreach Fair will take place on July 18, from 11am-1pm at the Cincinnati Museum Center. There will be transportation between the ABS meeting and the Museum and we invite everyone to participate and present their science! |
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11:00 AM – 3:30 PM
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Caprice
Public Day
Public Day is a free outreach event held annually during the Animal Behavior Society conference. This live event is open to all members of the community and features a series of talks by applied animal behavior professionals. This year's speakers will discuss the latest research and developments in pet training, pet care, and human-animal interactions. These talks are intended for a general audience; no scientific background needed! |
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1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
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Pavillion
Awards Ceremony
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2:00 PM – 4:00 PM
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Salon E
Turner Closing Workshop (by Invitation Only)
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6:30 PM – 9:30 PM
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Pavillion
Conference Banquet (Ticket Required)
Join us for dinner and dancing to close out ABS 2026! |
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